Since the commissioning of an apartment building, residents depend on the quality of the work of enterprises that provide this house with gas, water, electricity, heating and the Internet. And if you can stock up on water for future use, and you can live without a TV or the Internet for some time, then it’s hard to imagine a person’s actions in the winter during interruptions in heating. That is why the low quality of services provided by heating network enterprises and high average tariffs are pushing many of our compatriots to create autonomous gas heating for apartments in apartment buildings. All the intricacies of heating a home in this way will be discussed in this article.

What to prepare for? Educational program for beginners

If you are not satisfied with cold batteries, when it is already cold outside, and the heating season has not yet begun, if you do not understand why the batteries are “ice” in one room, and in the other they are red-hot so that you cannot put your hand on their surface if there are interruptions with heating and hot water have become more the rule than the exception, then experts recommend installing autonomous gas heating in the apartment, unless, of course, the apartment is gasified.

If you decide to install "autonomy" in your own apartment, then you need to be prepared for the following:

1. Sufficiently tough opposition to your heat supply organization.
2. Non-acceptance of your decision by the co-owners of the apartment building, in other words, by your neighbors.
3. Legislative denials and bureaucratic delays in the gas, fire service, as well as in the bodies for the protection of architectural monuments.
4. Complete replacement of internal piping.
5. Financial costs for the creation of the project, purchase and installation of equipment.

In fact, opponents of individual heating have quite good reasons for this. After disconnecting any room of a residential building from centralized heating, thermal workers have to re-balance the entire heating system of the house. In addition, the refusal of central heating is the termination of financing of the heat supply organization. Within the framework of one apartment, this is imperceptible, but with a massive transition to "autonomy" - this is the bankruptcy of a huge organization.

Individual gas heating in an apartment building requires competent removal of the products of combustion of the gas mixture. In houses with chimneys, this is not a problem. In modern buildings, a chimney is not provided, therefore, exhaust gases are discharged into a separate ventilation branch or through a coaxial chimney, which is discharged through a load-bearing wall. With such a chimney, carbon monoxide cannot be excluded from entering neighboring apartments: in the first case through a vent, in the second - through open vents and windows.

The decision to install an individual heating system is very good to initially discuss with a lawyer. The thing is that in some regions of Russia the creation of an "autonomy" is prohibited by local legislative bodies.

There is another option for avoiding central heating, without delay and hassle - contacting an organization that sells equipment, installs and maintains individual heating systems. For some remuneration, these offices independently solve problems with permits, projects, within an acceptable time frame.

The device and principle of operation of the individual heating system

A standard autonomous heating system consists of a gas boiler, a chimney, the required amount of pipeline, radiators, valves, coarse filters. The main device in the autonomous heating system is the boiler. It can be single-circuit and double-circuit. The first type of boiler units is designed only for heating the coolant. The second allows you to create, along with autonomous heating, an apartment hot water system.

There are two main schemes of the heating system: one-pipe and two-pipe. The former is structurally simpler and requires fewer materials, which makes it financially attractive. But such a scheme assumes a sequential arrangement of radiators, which leads to the fact that already cooled coolant enters the last batteries in turn. The second option is more complicated and more expensive, but thanks to the two-pipe scheme, the coolant is evenly distributed between the radiators.

The principle of operation of this system is quite simple: a gas-air mixture is burned in the burner. The heat released during combustion heats the walls of the heat exchanger, which, in turn, heat the coolant. Through the pipeline, it enters the radiators, where it cools slightly. After that, the coolant returns to the boiler heat exchanger, where it is heated and the process is repeated.

The figure shows a standard two-pipe scheme for individual heating and hot water supply of an apartment with a coolant outlet for "warm floors".

Advantages and disadvantages

Before you decide to install gas heating in an apartment: the pros and cons must be determined immediately. So, the advantages:

1. The happy owner of individual heat supply pays only for the amount of cubic meters of blue fuel that he actually spent on heating. In this case, the more economical the boiler, the lower the gas bill.
2. The owner of the "autonomy" does not pay for heat losses during the transportation of the coolant. As practice shows, this is up to 30% savings.
3. The individual heating system allows you to independently set the most comfortable thermal regime in the premises.
4. This apartment heating system allows the owner to start and end the heating season at will.
5. Modern equipment for "autonomy" is quite compact and has several levels of protection.

In addition, according to statistics, the owner of an "autonomous apartment" saves on utility bills by more than 2 times. Despite the abundance of advantages, a person who decides to refuse central heating must really represent all the shortcomings of individual heating that he will have to face.

1. The availability of heat and hot water supply depends on the gas pressure and the availability of electricity. If in your home a regular blackout is the norm, then in order not to freeze in winter, you should better refuse such a heating system.
2. This system requires regular maintenance and expensive maintenance.

Before you start creating an individual heat supply for your own home, you must understand that as the owner you take full responsibility for the serviceability and proper use of the system. Remember that improper operation of gas appliances can lead to an explosion, from which the entire apartment building will suffer.

Autonomous gas heating in an apartment building: what you need to know?
When individual gas heating of an apartment in an apartment building is a necessity. What you should be prepared for, abandoning the central heating supply. Scheme, principle of operation, advantages and disadvantages of "autonomy".

Now many apartments are tied to central heating, that is, there is a boiler room - which supplies them with heat and hot water. It's not always cheap, or rather it's not always cheap! Because the systems (pipes) are often worn out, there is a huge loss of heat, and the management companies have a free hand, they can wind up as much as necessary. In general, we overpay for such heating mercilessly! However, now more and more developers are presenting apartments with the so-called autonomous heating, and this living space is a little more expensive, but later it quickly pays off. If you do not know what it is, then read our article ...

Let's start with a definition.

Heating system- this is an autonomous heating system for an apartment or house, which does not come into contact with external central systems. Usually you have either a gas boiler or an electric boiler in your apartment - you yourself already regulate the heat supply and water heating.

That is, no losses to the central system, just turn it on at home and enjoy, very reasonable and logical. Now let's go over the main systems that can be installed in apartments.

Gas autonomous heating

At the moment, the most common, because gas itself is a very cheap fuel. The principle is simple, you make a water system with aluminum or cast iron batteries, install a boiler, it is almost always double-circuit, supply gas to it, and connect the system.

The boiler supplies you not only with heating, but also with hot water, which is also not unimportant! As a result, you pay only for the consumption of gas and cold water (which is heated by gas).

System advantages :

• This is undoubtedly cost-effectiveness, when compared with the central option, the difference can reach 3-5 times!
• This is a convenience - you can turn on the boiler at any time, you are not tied to a centralized option.
• Can be combined with electric heaters, such as underfloor heating.
• You can remake pipes and batteries, for yourself.

Minuses :

• The gas boiler requires maintenance every year.
• If broken, repairs can be frustratingly expensive.
• You yourself need to monitor the heating system, this is a boiler, pipes, radiators.

As you can see, the pros and cons are significant. But from my own experience, I can tell you that an autonomous gas system is just a treasure for an apartment! Here is a simple example - the area of ​​\u200b\u200bmy living space is about 82 square meters. meters, I pay from 2000 to 2500 rubles a month for heating, I have a central system + hot water for about 1000 - 1200 more, total - 3000 - 3700 rubles! My friend has the same area, maybe a little more (about 90 squares), he pays about 1000 - 1500 rubles a month for everything, he has a boiler, respectively, he heats the water through it! Feel the difference?

Electric option

Not so economical, however, has recently been developing very rapidly. You can install the heating elements directly into the radiators themselves and not “fence” a lot of water pipes. Also now there are warm floors (mats or film), convectors, improved radiators with high efficiency, etc.

That is, if your house does not have gas - it does not matter, you can make autonomous heating of rooms and water with electricity.

It is cheaper than central heating, although not as significant as gas, saving up to two times here.

pros :

• The devices are diverse, these are floors, convectors, radiators, heat guns, etc.
• You don't need a gas line to the house.
• Can be done almost anywhere there is electricity.
• You can power it from alternative sources (sun, wind), we will get big savings.
• Savings compared to central heating.

Minuses :

• Such heaters require powerful wires, that is, the wiring must withstand them.
• Wiring must be calculated and installed by professionals.
• If the electricity is cut off, there is no heating, respectively!

I will say this - electrical options are becoming more efficient every year, efficiency is growing, technologies are improving (read at least about vacuum batteries), if it goes like this, then in 5 - 10 years they will approach gas in efficiency.

Now if you install electric heating for yourself, then it is about 2-2.5 times more efficient than the central one.

Other options

Of course, now there is also heating with solid fuel (coal, firewood), but it is difficult to use it in apartments! You will not store bundles of firewood for the winter, will you? And yes, it is a fire hazard.

Alternative sources, this is another matter, now there is geothermal, solar, wind, etc. heating. Of course, the efficiency is not always 100%, but if you combine all three at once, it can turn out not even bad - I would say almost for nothing.

Probably, now many people thought - damn it, how cool, I also want to heat up autonomously in the apartment, I’ll cut off these “central” radiators - I don’t need them! Yes, guys, I thought so too, but our government does not think so, you can’t just cut off the batteries in the apartment! We are reading this article. Therefore, those who have central heating may not even dream of installing autonomous heating for themselves.

That's all, I think, now you understand - what it is and why it is needed at all. If you are buying a new apartment, pay attention to this!

Autonomous heating, what is it? Apartments or houses, which is better
Often, developers indicate that their apartments have autonomous heating, but what does this mean?

In our country, the issue of high-quality heating in apartments is quite important - after all, the majority of residents live in high-rise buildings. And, alas, the state of the heating network, even in newly built houses, can rarely provide high-quality heating for each apartment during the cold season. Therefore, it is not surprising that recently many apartment owners have begun to look for an alternative heating option. And most often they opt for such an option as an autonomous heating system at home.

Boiler room of an apartment building

Benefits of Autonomous Systems

The system of independent heating of the house appeared for the first time in Europe. However, having a significant number of advantages, it quickly spread throughout the world. Today, in most countries, residents prefer to use individual systems for heating their apartments. And not in vain, since this method has a number of advantages over a centralized system:

• affordable cost. It is this advantage of the system that often becomes decisive when a centralized system is abandoned. The fact is that even taking into account the fact that you have to pay for the amount of gas used for heating, you will pay much lower amounts for utilities. In addition, unlike a centralized system, you can use autonomous heating when it is needed. That is, if necessary, you can adjust the intensity of heating, and in case of departure - just temporarily turn it off completely. This saves a lot of money. In addition, you will not experience the inconvenience that occurs when one of the heating elements of the centralized system riser breaks down - after all, in this case, several apartments are left without heating at once.

In addition, the cost of a new building with autonomous heating is much lower. After all, the planning and installation of a centralized system requires a significant investment from the developer, which significantly raises the price of the housing itself.

• increase in housing stock. There are often situations when the construction of an apartment building is impossible for a simple reason - in the construction area there is no possibility of connecting to the central heating main of the city. And this means that the only option to maintain heat in each apartment is to use autonomous heating systems. It should be noted that recently there are more and more houses with such a heating system. In many cities of Russia (St. Petersburg, Kaliningrad, Yekaterinburg, Bryansk, etc.), apartment buildings with autonomous heating systems were commissioned as early as 1999. And since that time, the number of high-rise buildings with individual heating of each apartment has been growing rapidly.

Heat supply scheme of a multi-storey building

• saving natural resources. By phasing out centralized heating, users are thereby greatly helping to save a huge amount of resources that previously had to be spent on heating a house. In addition, with individual heating, it becomes possible to independently adjust the heating level. But even in this case, the heating boiler is often turned off by the user - that is, there is an additional saving of natural gas.
• improving the quality of heating. In fact, those who switched from centralized heating to autonomous heating in an apartment building notice a significant improvement in the level of heating. Quite often this is due to the fact that heat is constantly leaking in a centralized system. In addition, autonomous heating of a residential building, located in one apartment, requires much less money and time for prevention.

Schematic diagram of heating a high-rise building

Another advantage of autonomous heating can be called the fact that the system also allows you to constantly heat water. That is, there is simply no need to use such resource-intensive boilers.

Disadvantages of autonomous heating

Like any other heating system, an individual one also has its drawbacks. The most serious are:

• user negligence. Any system in the house, whether it be heating or sewer, requires periodic preventive inspection and maintenance. And often the reason for a significant decrease in the efficiency of the system is just the long absence of service repairs. As a rule, the system should be inspected by a specialist at least once a year. But many users simply forget about it, or simply do not want to spend money again. In fact, a preventive inspection of the system by a specialist is inexpensive, but it can save you from a major breakdown in the future.
• the need to create a high-quality ventilation system and the negative impact on the environment. It should be noted that today the problem is less relevant than 10 years ago. The projects and rules for creating ventilation systems are approved by law, and quite a lot of attention is paid to this issue when planning a house.

Ventilation system of an apartment building

• decrease in the efficiency of the system due to unheated adjacent rooms. Unfortunately, this problem is very relevant. It especially affects those who, having purchased an apartment with individual heating in a new house, do not have neighbors. In empty apartments due to the lack of residents, autonomous heating of houses does not work. That is - common walls always remain cold. As a result, this significantly reduces the level of heating in the occupied apartments. However, many owners of apartment buildings were able to solve this problem. A modern heating system is installed in each individual apartment, which allows you to automatically maintain the minimum level of heating, without requiring constant monitoring.

Every year more and more houses are put into operation, in which each individual apartment has its own heating system. The systems are regularly upgraded, which makes their implementation and use as efficient and more affordable as possible.

Autonomous heating system of an apartment building
Autonomous home heating system. Advantages and disadvantages of autonomous systems. Features of the autonomous heating device for apartment buildings.

Autonomous heating in an apartment building - myth or reality?

Individual heating boilers are now installed in many private homes. Often this is the only way to guarantee heat in the home and provide it with hot water. But is it possible to install autonomous heating in an apartment building?

More and more owners of housing in apartment buildings began to think about this issue. After all, bills for paying for heat energy are constantly growing, and it is quite difficult to find justice for power engineers. I would like to somehow reduce these costs.

Existing options for arranging autonomous heating

Today, there are many ways to ensure thermal autonomy in a private cottage. You can choose a boiler for liquid or solid fuel, or a gas or electric boiler. If renewable energy is more desirable, then any cottage roof has enough space for solar panels or a solar collector.

But autonomous heating in an apartment can be organized in fact in only two ways, using:

• gas boiler from the main pipeline,
• and one or another option for heating with electricity.

After all, the installation of a liquid and solid fuel boiler will require the arrangement of a boiler room with high-quality ventilation and fuel storage. Gas in cylinders is much more expensive than main gas and is much more explosive. It is generally forbidden to mount a water heated floor in an apartment building.

Option one: gas

An ideal option for an apartment is a gas double-circuit boiler. It will allow you to separately heat water for heating and for domestic consumption.

Modern models with a closed combustion chamber, as well as a full set of automatic ignition and combustion support, allow you to program the desired temperature. And then everything will function independently. In a large apartment, it is also desirable to put a storage boiler. It will allow you to shower and wash dishes at the same time.

Among the disadvantages of gas autonomous heating in an apartment building are:

1. Explosiveness. Although much smaller than in the version with cylinders, accidents cannot be ruled out.
2. Ventilation. A professional ventilation system must be installed in the room with the gas boiler. And its channels periodically require cleaning, otherwise they will quickly become clogged with greasy soot.
3. Smell and soot. For the operation of a gas boiler, a constant supply of fresh air and removal of combustion products is necessary. For this purpose, a coaxial chimney with a twin pipe is mounted. Street air is drawn in one at a time, and smoke is removed through the second. And although gas is considered a clean fuel, nevertheless, when it is burned, soot with an unpleasant odor is still formed. The latter will annoy both the owners of the apartment and the neighbors.

For the installation of individual gas heating, it will be necessary to purchase and install a gas boiler. Disconnect radiators from central heating risers. Then make the piping from the boiler and connect the batteries to it. Heating appliances and pipes can be used old, but it is better to replace them.

Lightweight aluminum radiators and polypropylene pipes are ideal for an apartment. Aluminum appliances are good for high heat dissipation, and the strength of polypropylene is quite enough for an autonomous heating system. At the end of everything, the boiler is connected - here you will need to call a representative of the gas service.

The best option for connecting batteries to a gas autonomous boiler is to connect them in parallel to a circuit with a diagonal power supply circuit. Heated water is supplied from above on one side, and the return pipe is connected from below on the other.

A valve is installed at the inlet, and a thermal head is installed at the outlet to control the temperature of the coolant. A Mayevsky valve should be installed on the free upper pipe, which will allow you to bleed air from the radiator.

In order for an autonomous system to function normally and smoothly, it must have:

• expansion tank,
• circulation pump,
• safety, emergency valves
• manometer.

Modern models of gas boilers, for the most part, already have everything you need in the kit.

Option 2: Electricity

Autonomous heating in an apartment using electricity as fuel can be arranged by installing:

• electric boiler, the same two-circuit version,
• warm floor,
• infrared heaters,
• and heat pump.

With an electric hot water boiler, the whole sequence of actions is the same as with a gas counterpart. Only there is no need to equip ventilation and a chimney.

Heating elements of a heat-insulated floor evenly warm up a floor covering which then already gives off heat to air. IR devices emit waves that heat the floor, walls and furnishings. The air in the room is heated already from them. Compared to traditional batteries, it takes much less heat to create comfortable temperatures with these methods.

But the greatest benefit in the apartment will bring heat pumps. Electricity is consumed only for the operation of pumps that pump outdoor air to extract thermal energy from it. In fact, this is a kind of air conditioner, it is only aimed at heating indoor air or water in a heat exchanger. You should also install high-quality air conditioners in the house. The cost of installing an air conditioner varies depending on the amount of work that you need.

It is a pure renewable source of heat energy. But you need to know that this equipment is effective only in climatic zones where outdoor temperatures do not fall below minus 20-25 C.

How to make autonomous heating in an apartment, which option to prefer can only be decided by the owner of the dwelling.

In warm areas, a heat pump will be most beneficial. And although it is much more expensive than other options, everything pays off over time. In cities with severe winters, a gas-fired boiler is preferable. You can also combine gas heating with electric heaters. During frosts, heat with gas, and during warming, turn on a heat pump or other electrical heating device.

Autonomous heating in an apartment building
How to make autonomous heating in an apartment building? Details in our article. Nuances and recommendations. Details further…

The use of modern heating systems entails significant costs. To save money, you need to choose the most suitable method of heat supply. Autonomous heating in an apartment building has advantages and disadvantages. Before studying them, you should learn the principle of operation of the units used for the independent supply of thermal energy.

Before installing autonomous heating, I advise you to get acquainted with the advantages and disadvantages of this system in more detail.

Pros and cons of autonomous heating

Autonomous heating of a multi-storey building is a system located in a separate room, where high-power boilers are located, which provide the houses not only with heat, but also with hot water. The mini-boiler room is equipped with the necessary appliances and devices.

In this video you will learn how to install autonomous heating with your own hands:

Its operation has a number of advantages:

1. The distance from the generator to the heating appliances located in the apartments decreases, which means that heat loss is reduced.
2. By choosing autonomous heating of an apartment building, the consumer reduces the cost of maintaining heating networks.
3. The unit that heats the heat carrier is located in close proximity to the consumer.
4. To start the central heating network, local authorities must obtain an appropriate order. If the house or apartment has an autonomous system, the consumer can turn it on at any time. It is advisable to install such systems in regions with a cold climate.
5. The apartment has thermostats, with the help of which the consumer selects the thermal regime. If necessary, you can change it, saving money.
6. When erecting a residential building, the developer must obtain a permit that allows them to "crash" into the heating main. The duration of the document is 1-2 months. For the developer, the best option would be an autonomous boiler room.

Independent heating of the apartment - the pros and cons:

Despite the benefits The system also has disadvantages.. To create a boiler room for a large number of apartments, you need to allocate a separate territory for it (if possible, an extension is placed near the house). It should also be taken into account that the unit pollutes the environment. To fix this problem, you need to purchase cleaning devices.

Private heating still has few fans, most consumers prefer centralized heating. Due to the fact that the production of units is not put on stream, they are very expensive. Not every developer can afford them.

A separate room can be allocated for autonomous heating

The designers claim that the boiler room is compact and can be installed even in the attic. But if you place the unit in a small room, then it will be heated, and this is an additional plus. The only requirement for installation is a flat and level roof.

Autonomous (individual) heating in an apartment building:

Types of decentralized heat supply

There are several types of boilers. Each of them requires significant financial costs for the purchase. Varieties of autonomous heating include:

1. Block-modular heating system. It consists of blocks that are connected into a single structure. Block-modular units are placed in a pre-allocated area. Outwardly, they look aesthetically pleasing, have a heater. In order for the mini-boiler room to work smoothly, you need to correctly install and connect the units. The system becomes ready for operation in 2-3 days. Assembly should only be carried out by professionals. Previously, a modular boiler room was used to heat change houses and country houses. Years later, it improved and began to be used to supply thermal energy to residential buildings.
2. Wall mounted boilers. These devices are more popular. They are more convenient to use and save costs. Wall-mounted boilers operate on electricity. An important advantage of such devices is compactness. They are installed in rooms of different sizes. The wall-mounted gas boiler is aesthetic, it does not catch the eye and does not spoil the interior. The design has a circular pump, as well as additional elements responsible for safe operation. Despite its compact size, the power of the unit is high - an average of 20 kW.

Boilers can hit your wallet well

Thanks to the gas boiler, you can heat a room up to 90 m². Devices are single-circuit and double-circuit. When installing the second consumer is provided with hot water.

Independent heating of the apartment. What documents need to be issued to disconnect from the heating network:

Boiler selection and other nuances

Before buying a unit should study its design features. It must have a pump, a tank and a chimney. The latter ensures the exit of the decay products of the fuel, and also launches fresh air.

The wall device must have a closed chamber. It is recommended to choose an automatic unit, which provides convenience in operation and saves money when buying fuel.

Electric boilers are more convenient than gas boilers. In addition, they are easier to install.

Electric boilers have a number of advantages

Installing autonomous heating in an apartment building saves money, but all residents cannot switch to it at the same time, since the organizations supplying thermal energy do not give permission for this. Despite the prohibitions, it is assumed that the autonomous system will become very popular in the future.

Autonomous heating - price of use:

Now many apartments are tied to central heating, that is, there is a boiler room that supplies them with heat and hot water. It's not always cheap, or rather it's not always cheap! Because the systems (pipes) are often worn out, there is a huge loss of heat, and the management companies have a free hand, they can wind up as much as necessary. In general, we overpay for such heating mercilessly! However, now more and more developers are presenting apartments with the so-called autonomous heating, and this living space is a little more expensive, but later it quickly pays off. If you do not know what it is, then read our article ...

Let's start with a definition.

Heating system- this is an autonomous heating system for an apartment or house, which does not come into contact with external central systems. Usually you have either a gas boiler or an electric boiler in your apartment - you yourself already regulate the heat supply and water heating.

That is, no losses to the central system, just turn it on at home and enjoy, very reasonable and logical. Now let's go over the main systems that can be installed in apartments.

Gas autonomous heating

At the moment, the most common, because gas itself is a very cheap fuel. The principle is simple, you make a water system with aluminum or cast iron batteries, install a boiler, it is almost always double-circuit, supply gas to it, and connect the system.

The boiler supplies you not only with heating, but also with hot water, which is also not unimportant! As a result, you pay only for the consumption of gas and cold water (which is heated by gas).

System advantages :

• This is undoubtedly cost-effectiveness, when compared with the central option, the difference can reach 3-5 times!
• This is a convenience - you can turn on the boiler at any time, you are not tied to a centralized option.
• Can be combined with electric heaters, such as underfloor heating.
• You can remake pipes and batteries, for yourself.

Minuses :

• The gas boiler requires maintenance every year.
• If broken, repairs can be frustratingly expensive.
• You yourself need to monitor the heating system, this is a boiler, pipes, radiators.

As you can see, the pros and cons are significant. But from my own experience, I can tell you that an autonomous gas system is just a treasure for an apartment! Here is a simple example - the area of ​​\u200b\u200bmy living space is about 82 square meters. meters, I pay from 2000 to 2500 rubles a month for heating, I have a central system + hot water for about 1000 - 1200 more, total - 3000 - 3700 rubles! My friend has the same area, maybe a little more (about 90 squares), he pays about 1000 - 1500 rubles a month for everything, he has a boiler, respectively, he heats the water through it! Feel the difference?

Electric option

Not so economical, however, has recently been developing very rapidly. You can install the heating elements directly into the radiators themselves and not “fence” a lot of water pipes. Also now there are (mats or film), convectors, improved radiators with high efficiency, etc.

That is, if your house does not have gas, it does not matter, you can make autonomous heating of rooms and water with electricity.

It is cheaper than central heating, although not as significant as gas, saving up to two times here.

pros :

• The devices are diverse, these are floors, convectors, radiators, heat guns, etc.
• You don't need a gas line to the house.
• Can be done almost anywhere there is electricity.
• You can power it from alternative sources (sun, wind), we will get big savings.
• Savings compared to central heating.

Minuses :

• Such heaters require powerful wires, that is, the wiring must withstand them.
• Wiring must be calculated and installed by professionals.
• If the electricity is cut off, there is no heating, respectively!

Watch a helpful video.

I will say this - electrical options are becoming more efficient every year, efficiency is growing, technologies are improving (), if it goes like this, then in 5-10 years they will approach gas in efficiency.

Now if you install electric heating for yourself, then it is about 2-2.5 times more efficient than the central one.

Other options

Of course, now there is also heating with solid fuel (coal, firewood), but it is difficult to use it in apartments! You will not store bundles of firewood for the winter, will you? And yes, it is a fire hazard.

Alternative sources, this is another matter, now there is geothermal, solar, wind, etc. heating. Of course, the efficiency is not always 100%, but if you combine all three at once, it can turn out not even bad - I would say almost for nothing.

Probably, now many people thought - damn it, how cool, I also want to heat up autonomously in the apartment, I’ll cut off these “central” radiators - I don’t need them! Yes, guys, I thought so too, but our government does not think so, you can’t just cut off the batteries in the apartment! . Therefore, those who have central heating may not even dream of installing autonomous heating for themselves.

That's all, I think now you understand - what it is and why it is needed at all. If you are buying a new apartment, pay attention to this!

Read our construction blog.

Recently, more and more often you can hear about the desire to save energy resources and increase the cost of fuel.

The amount of savings in fuel and energy resources and material resources spent on providing heat to consumers will directly depend on the method of heat supply.

How can you provide heat supply to multi-apartment residential buildings?

There are two options - to power the heat pipelines from the main heat networks or install an autonomous heat point.

Both options are good, but the presence of an individual heating point for several apartment buildings and autonomous heating using energy-saving means will please more. Why?

Because the distance between the pair "heat point - consumer" is minimized, thereby reducing heat loss along the heating network line. This type of heating is called decentralized, or autonomous.

A lower percentage of expenses for heating and hot water supply in an apartment building - and all because the costs of transporting and delivering the coolant to the end consumer are reduced.

Simply put, the source of heat supply is practically nearby, and therefore the time for supplying heat to residential buildings and the percentage of heat losses are reduced. This also leads to a reduction in the cost of maintaining, servicing and repairing heating systems.

The efficiency of heat supply systems - as a result, follows from the previous factor. Since the source of heat supply is nearby, the amount of utility bills for hot water supply and heating is somewhat lower.

Independence from the citywide heating schedule. In other words, while heating has not yet been given in the city (“because the heating season has not come on schedule”), and the temperature is already low outside, apartment heating from an autonomous heat source will come in handy.

In addition, each consumer will be able to choose the optimal temperature conditions for his apartment - turn off / turn on the heating system only for his apartment, adjusting the level of heat supply.

In this case, there are no connection problems due to "technical" and seasonal reasons.

Lower cost and higher payback of new buildings with an autonomous source of heat supply.

A separate boiler room in each house will increase the free space in the yard. Click to enlarge.

This is more likely to play into the hands of developers, because in the case of the “traditional” construction of an apartment building, you have to spend quite a lot of time getting permission to connect a new building to a centralized heating network, install a meter (which is mandatory for any new building today).

The presence of "additional free space" within the whole microdistrict. This also contributes to the implementation of housing programs, the construction of new buildings and the arrangement of microdistricts not for heating mains, but for the infrastructure of the districts.

In addition, providing apartment buildings with an autonomous source of heat supply is also possible if there is already an established gas supply system in the construction area.

Flaws

However, along with the advantages that consumers of decentralized heating and hot water have, there are a number of disadvantages:

1. The need for additional space allocated for the construction of an autonomous boiler house.
2. Non-environmental operation of the boiler room. For a gas boiler house operating autonomously, it will be necessary to additionally equip an exhaust gas exhaust system in order to reduce smoke emissions into the atmosphere as much as possible, having obtained the MPC value required by SNiP (maximum permissible concentrations).
3. Price. Since autonomous heating today is not yet as popular and in demand as centralized heating systems, the production of boiler equipment for it has not been put on the conveyor. Consequently, prices for decentralized heating and hot water systems are still high.

Is it possible to eliminate the above shortcomings completely, or at least minimize them? Can. An additional area for an autonomous boiler room can be "found" on the roof of a multi-storey building that will be heated.

The "salt" is that the so-called rooftop boilers require flat roofs for their installation.

An increasing number of new buildings are already equipped with a roof-top boiler house with equipment installed above and top-mounted piping.

Of course, the installation of additional equipment will cost, and the decentralized heat supply of one apartment building itself is not cheap, but it will all pay off faster than if the house were simply connected to a centralized heat supply system.

Varieties of decentralized heat supply

Another example of autonomous heating of a multi-storey residential building is a block boiler house, consisting of a separate module. Block or modular boilers can be transported as they are delivered in containers.

The use of modular boiler rooms in an apartment building. Click to enlarge.

Their execution does not require the construction of a new building specifically for boiler equipment - the entire installation is already “encased” in a container, in addition, the module is thermally insulated, and the assembly is carried out directly at the manufacturer.

Previously, such blocks were used as heating systems for temporary structures (change houses), but now they are offered (after a number of modifications) as an alternative to centralized heating.

But the best option for autonomous heating is an apartment heating system powered by a main gas pipeline or through a power supply network (depending on the type of boiler), the “core” of which is a wall-mounted boiler (gas or electric).

Why wall mounted? Because wall-mounted boilers have a number of advantages:

1. Easy to install, easy to hang on the wall using a set of fasteners (fasteners must be supplied with the boiler equipment)
2. They are light in weight and small in size, do not take up much space in the room
3. With their size, they have good power (10-25 kW) and are able to heat a room up to 100 m2 - and this is quite enough for one four-room apartment
4. Available in both single and double

If the owner of the apartment plans to install a wall-mounted gas boiler as heating equipment, then he should check the completeness of the equipment, namely:

1. Boiler with two circuits (working both for space heating and hot water)
2. Combustion chamber - closed type
3. The presence of a fan to provide forced draft (intake of fresh air from the street) and the removal of combustion products through the chimney
4. Pump for forced circulation of the coolant
5. Electronic ignition and full automatic – for efficient fuel use

An additional advantage in autonomous heat supply can be considered the possibility of installing a “warm floor” system - provided that the insertion of an additional pipe for taking the coolant does not affect the pressure level in the system.

In the case of an electric boiler that also works according to a two-circuit scheme (heating + providing the consumer with hot water), the difficulties will be much less: you will only have to get permission to allocate an additional power line, plus coordinate the insertion of the direct and return pipes into the general water supply system.

The only exception will be electrode boilers without heating elements that work to heat running water.

Possible Complications

If everything is so simple and easy, why are apartment owners in no hurry to re-equip their heating systems? The answer is simple: there is no permit for the conversion of heat supply.

No housing company will give the owner of the apartment permission to re-equip the heating system "just like that." And all because, as mentioned above, the cost of maintaining and repairing the heat supply system will decrease.

It follows that the owner of an apartment with refurbished heating will pay less, and this is already unprofitable for the management company.

Another question is if there will be several families in several apartments who want to re-equip the heating of the house, making it autonomous, and even better - residents in several nearby houses.

But in this case, the transition to autonomous heating can be fraught with such difficulties as obtaining permission to carry out all construction and installation work - and all this at the expense of willing owner-initiators.

Finally, I would like to note that it is advisable to entrust all work on the installation of autonomous heating in an apartment building to professionals who have the appropriate licenses to carry out work of this kind. Even if you just want to put an ordinary wall-mounted boiler at home.

The presence of central heating in the apartment is, of course, convenient, since the owners "do not have a headache" in this regard. But, unfortunately, it is not always practical, since the temperature in the rooms begins to directly depend on the thermal regime established in the common boiler room. In addition, such a system is not immune from emergencies that may occur in any area. her length, as a result of which the entire house is often turned off from heating. A lot of difficulties also arise during the periods of the "off-season", when early cold snaps are ahead of planned the beginning of the heating season, or, conversely, the batteries are heated when the weather is too warm outside.

Despite violations of temperature regimes and temporary shutdowns of the house from heating, payment for it remains unchanged, which absolutely not beneficial ordinary users. Therefore, in recent years, a trend has been gaining momentum, when more and more owners of apartments in high-rise buildings resort to installing autonomous heating systems.

Those who decide to “separate” usually have numerous questions related to the various nuances of this procedure. Therefore, it will be further considered individual heating in an apartment building - necessary documents and installation rules for him.

Advantages and disadvantages of autonomous heating in an apartment

Before deciding on such a radical replacement, it is necessary to evaluate all the pros and cons of an individual heating system.

So, advantages availability of an autonomous heating system are as follows:

• The possibility of heating the apartment in the off-season, when the central system is not yet turned on or already turned off, in accordance with the established regional standards, which are based on the ambient temperature, during these seasons it is very unstable and with large daily fluctuations.
• The ability to maintain the required temperature in the rooms, which is much more difficult to organize with central heating, since it does not take into account the location of the apartment and the degree of its insulation. Probably, it is not necessary to explain that the apartments located inside the house, and the corner ones, and even substituted for the prevailing winter winds, still require a differentiated approach to heating. However, to balance consumption spending, payment for warmth is charged in the same way, usually based on the area of ​​​​the apartment.

Therefore, by installing autonomous heating in apartments, you can and should immediately take into account the specifics of the location of the rooms, getting a comfortable microclimate in any of them, and considerable savings in money.

• Autonomous heating can be easily adjusted to individual operating modes. For example, it makes no sense to drown "to the full" if at the moment all the tenants are absent. It would be more logical to only maintain the required level of heating. But by the time the owners arrive, the automation will “catch up” with heat so that the rooms have the optimum temperature.

Many modern control systems, in addition, are able to independently respond to changing weather conditions. They can also be controlled remotely using GSM or IP communication channels.

• A reduction in operating costs will also occur due to significantly lower energy consumption, since modern gas or electric equipment is designed for optimal energy consumption - they have high efficiency rates approaching 100 percent.
• When installing, it is quite possible to refuse from the central hot water supply system, providing your family with hot water autonomously. This means that an apartment equipped with such a unit will not depend on hot water maintenance during the summer, and there will always be hot water in it.

• Another category of advantages is the fact that you have to pay for central heating in the summer, as it requires constant maintenance. By installing an autonomous heating option, payments will be made only by gas (or electric) meter, that is, it will be possible to directly control energy consumption and the cost of heating and hot water supply, analyze and find ways to further save.

However, there are considerable difficulties in transferring an apartment to individual heating, and they can be attributed to shortcomings its arrangement:

• All work must be carried out legally and in compliance with all the requirements necessary for this process. Unauthorized reconstruction, firstly, will not save you from paying utility bills for heating and hot water supply. And secondly, it also threatens with a serious administrative punishment in the form of a rather large fine.
• There will be difficulties associated with the preparation of documentation for disconnection from central communications, the development of a project, as well as obtaining permission to install equipment.
• It will be necessary to allocate or equip a room with a proper ventilation system for the installation of a heating unit.
• Installation of the system refers to the work of a rather high category of complexity.
• Considerable costs will be required, both in the preparation of documents and in the acquisition of everything necessary for the arrangement of autonomous heating and hot water supply. And this is without taking into account the installation work.
• All responsibility for carrying out operational and preventive measures, as well as for the safety of the system, lies entirely with the owner of the apartment. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that all the named processes related to autonomous heating will be controlled by the relevant specialized organizations, whose representatives the owner of the apartment will have to provide access to the installed equipment.

However, even taking into account all the upcoming difficulties and significant initial costs, an autonomous heating system is in all respects much more profitable than central heating and hot water. In practice, it will quickly pay for itself and will serve reliably for many years.

A package of necessary documents for "autonomization"

In order to organize autonomous heating in an apartment, you will have to do some redevelopment, and this, as you know, is a fairly labour intensive. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that the execution of permits can take from three to five months, and installation work - about a week. In this regard, the preparation process must begin in advance.

Preliminary approvals and obtaining permits

So, the first step is to decide on the documents that will be required in order to start developing a project, purchasing equipment, and then installing an autonomous system. The list of documents approved by Art. 26 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation "The basis for the reconstruction and (or) redevelopment of residential premises."

Any reorganization of the residential premises is carried out taking into account the established requirements and in agreement with the local authorities. For approval, it is necessary to collect a package of documents, which includes standard constitutive documents for the ownership of this housing, which include the following:

• Application-petition for the reconstruction of housing. The application form is standard and approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
• Certificate of State registration of the right to own an apartment - this may be the right of inheritance or an agreement on the transfer of housing ownership. You will need a copy of the document certified by a notary.
• Technical passport for the apartment - a photocopy certified by a notary.
• The project of the redevelopment of the apartment, made in accordance with the established form.
• A certified copy of the document, which indicates all the persons registered in the apartment.
• Consent to the reconstruction of the heating system from all residents of the apartment. This document is drawn up on one sheet, which lists all the persons living in the apartment, and then they put down their signatures, confirming their consent.
• A document from an organization for the protection of architectural monuments, if the house where the reconstruction is planned belongs to the category of architectural monuments.

The applicant should remember that self-government bodies do not have the right to demand other documents that are not provided for in this article. After accepting the package with documentation for consideration, the applicant must be issued a receipt of receipt, with a list of accepted documents.

Consideration and decision on consent or refusal should be carried out no later than through 45 days from the date of submission of documentation. The document developed by the commission must be issued to the applicant no later than 3rd working days after the decision.

According to the norms and rules for the technical operation of housing, which are approved by the State Construction Committee of Russia No. 170 of 27. 09.03. , a refusal to re-plan or re-arrange the residential premises may follow if these actions worsen the living conditions of all or individual residents of the building where the applicant's apartment is located.

However, that's not all. The list of documents indicates a redevelopment project, which must be approved by the controlling organizations of gas and heat supply, since permission must be obtained to disconnect from the central heating system and install gas equipment. And after obtaining such permits, a project for redevelopment and installation of an autonomous system is drawn up, which must be agreed with the relevant authorities.

Therefore, it is necessary to prepare all the above documents, since they will have to be presented in all organizations that directly affect the drafting of the project. Documentation is done in the following order:

• The first organization you need to contact is the city or district heating networks. It is there that they give permission to turn off the heating circuit of the apartment from the central heating system. Consent can be issued if the shutdown does not lead to disruption of the engineering equipment of nearby apartments or the entire house as a whole. In principle, there can be no other reasons for refusal.

If an unreasonable refusal is received from this organization, then this is a reason to apply to the courts. It should be noted that sometimes an application for disconnection is submitted through the self-government organization of the housing stock.

• Then, with the letter of consent received, you must contact the gas service of the district or city for technical specifications for the installation of autonomous heating. This document must be issued within 10 days from the date of the applicant's application.
• After receiving the technical specifications, taking all the documentation for the apartment, you can go to the design or energy organization that draws up such projects. If the boiler was purchased before the drafting of the project, and it meets all the requirements for installation in an apartment of a multi-storey building, then documentation for it should also be submitted to the design organization. The project will be prepared taking into account the technical conditions provided.

Most of the requirements imposed by regulatory organizations, including the gas service, are spelled out in the document "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning" clause 6.2 "Individual heat supply systems" SNiP 41 - 01-2003.

To free yourself from going to all instances, you can entrust the execution and approval of all necessary documents to the design organization. In some regions of Russia, this function is taken over by the gas service. Naturally, all this additional work is carried out for a fee.

Autonomous heating project

Separately, it must be said about the project for the reconstruction of heating. First of all, before contacting the specialists who will perform the design work, you need to carefully study the technical conditions used in the preparation of the project, and it is desirable to draw up a preliminary sketch of the approximate location of the heating elements.

Its exact location can be determined after specialists study the plan of the apartment, which is in the technical passport.

So, the project is a necessary document when carrying out any reconstruction of a dwelling. Based on it, a new heating circuit and a heating boiler will be installed. How correctly and accurately this document will be drawn up, and then, according to it, the equipment will be installed, how efficiently it will work.

The project includes data on external and internal factors that determine the type of heating:

• The climatic conditions of the region in which the house is located.
• Engineering and technical characteristics of the building.
• Available energy carriers on which the heating system can operate.
• Technical characteristics of heated housing - the number of rooms, the presence of loggias, as well as the area and volume of the premises.
• The financial side of the issue.

Based on these data, not only the installation location of the heating unit is selected, but also its type, as well as power.

To make heating efficient and economical, it is recommended to entrust the development of its project to specialists. This stage is best handled by energy companies that themselves control or interact with organizations approving the heating sector, with whom the project will subsequently be coordinated, which will accurately ensure its correctness, and hence approval.

To get a positive result and an optimal technical solution, the customer must work closely with the organization that develops the project. In the process of creating a project, several options are usually considered. The customer chooses the one that suits him the most, after which the technical parameters of the unit and all the necessary equipment are determined. The project is being developed in several stages:

• If the customer did not provide his own version of the sketch, then work begins with it.
• A heating circuit diagram is being developed, on the basis of which the system will be installed.
• Documentation for the designed heating system is being prepared.
• An estimate is being made.

If this work is entrusted to professionals, then at each specific stage of project development, specialists in the field of heat supply, ventilation, architecture, and energy supply will participate in it.

The project consists of several parts, which present certain data from different aspects of the project:

• Descriptive part gives information about the content and significance of the project. This section of the document, in turn, is divided into several paragraphs, where the following technical data is located:

- the location of the apartment or house, if it is planned to mount it in the private sector;

- the location of residential premises and features of the layout.

In the descriptive section of the document, the data on the technical characteristics of the premises are specified, taking into account their location and the climatic features of the region where the building is located. This description is necessary in order to determine the types and types of heating equipment. This information will subsequently be used to carry out calculations and determine the power that the heating system should have, as well as the temperature parameters in the apartment.

• Technological calculations - this is the main part of the project, which summarizes the parameters of the volume of the required energy carrier when the unit is operating in different modes, as well as the optimal temperature of the coolant, which provides the necessary heating of the apartment's rooms. It is especially important to determine the power of the heating and hot water supply boiler, since on the basis of these calculations, equipment and accessories for it are selected.

In the same part, heat losses during space heating are calculated, on the basis of which it will be possible to draw conclusions about the efficiency of the system.

The calculated parameters will also show how appropriate this or that wiring and the type of connection of radiators to the system circuit. The calculations also include the use of automatic control devices in the heating system.

Further, all the data obtained is necessarily reflected in the scheme of the heating system, which will become a guide for the installers during the work. Deviations from the scheme developed by specialists and approved can lead to a failure to put the system into operation, which is allowed by the selection committee.

• Specification . This section contains data on the main materials and elements of the heating system, and their main technical characteristics. This part of the project also includes a diagram of the heating system with marked nodes and devices listed in the list.

This information is key to calculating the hydrostatics of the system, as well as the required heating temperature. If these calculations are carried out incorrectly, then the system will be inefficient, and the gas flow will be exceeded.

• Graphic image - this is an important section of the project, which visually represents how the overall design of the heating system will look like. This part of the project is carried out with the help of special computer programs, most often in three-dimensional projection.

When submitting an application for the development of a project, it is necessary to clarify for specialists the reasons for switching to an autonomous type of heating. The more justifications there are, the more accurate the calculations will be, since specialists will know what to pay special attention to when carrying out them.

A copy of the project documents must be submitted to the gas company, which will continue to service the installed equipment.

Gas boiler for autonomous heating of an apartment

When drawing up a project, experts will offer options for boilers that can be used for installation in an individual apartment heating system. However, you need to independently study some information related to the choice of the unit.

First of all, it is worth referring to Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 307, paragraph 44 of 16. 04.12. , which considers the connection of heat supply systems. This resolution provides a list of heat and power devices that do not meet the established requirements, and therefore are prohibited for installation in apartments of multi-storey buildings. After studying this document, it will be possible to immediately decide which devices of which designs cannot be installed in an autonomous heating system of an apartment.

So, the list of boilers that can be used in apartments of multi-storey buildings includes units that operate on natural gas and meet the following requirements:

• Having a closed (sealed) combustion chamber.
• Mandatory availability of automatic shutdown of the fuel supply in the event of a power outage, extinction of the burner flame, if there are malfunctions in the protection circuit, with insufficient pressure inside the system, which may fall below the limit value, when the coolant is heated above the limit temperature, as well as in case of malfunctions in the smoke exhaust system .
• With an allowable coolant temperature in the system not higher than 95˚.
• The coolant pressure is not more than 1 MPa.

In addition, boilers are single-circuit, used only for heating an apartment, and double-circuit, designed for both heating and water heating. When applying and collecting documents, this factor should also be indicated. This is due to the fact that the heating networks must give consent to disconnect the apartment not only from heating, but also from the hot water system.

Next, you need to decide on the design of the heating unit, as it can be wall or floor. For installation in a modern apartment, the wall-mounted version of gas equipment is most often chosen, since such boilers are compact in size and quite aesthetic design, reminiscent in appearance. Since the chimney from the heating boiler must go outside, it will be convenient to place it on an external wall, with this installation there will be no problems with the location of the pipe in the room. As a rule, there is a window on the outer wall, which will solve the problems with the ventilation of the room. Usually, the power of a wall-mounted boiler is sufficient to heat a standard apartment with proper wall insulation and the presence of euro windows with double-glazed windows.

Rooms in the apartment where a gas boiler can be installed

Separately, a few words must be said about the room for installing a gas boiler, since it cannot be placed in any room, according to the preference of the owners.

The room for the placement of gas heating equipment must meet certain safety requirements, which include the following:

• Do not install gas equipment in a residential area.
• The area of ​​the room should not be less than 4 square meters.
• The entrance door to the room with the installed boiler must be at least 800 mm wide.
• The room should be equipped with a window facing the street.
• The boiler is mounted on the wall or installed on the floor, at a distance, which must be at least 300 mm from other gas equipment, such as a gas stove.
• Indoors, it is necessary to find the possibility of output to the street, that is, through the wall. The outlet of the pipe to the general house ventilation duct is not allowed.
• Some heating units require forced ventilation in the room, that is, you will have to install an exhaust fan on the window. This will be specified in the specifications.
• A wall-mounted boiler must be fixed to a wall built of non-combustible material, and for a floor boiler it is necessary to make fire-resistant flooring, for example, lay ceramic floor tiles.

Without fulfilling these requirements, the commission signing the acceptance certificate will not give its consent to the commissioning of an autonomous heating system.

Based on the characteristics of the room, we can conclude that the unit can be installed in the kitchen or in a pre-insulated loggia combined with it. Since the gas boiler is tied to the main energy supply pipeline, which is connected to the kitchen room of the apartment, it is this one that is optimal for the location of the heating unit.

In addition, the kitchen is necessarily equipped with a window facing the street and a door of the required width. And, besides, a channel for general house ventilation is connected to it, which is also necessary for placing an apartment "boiler room".

How to choose a gas heating boiler?

In order for the purchased boiler to fully meet the to its parameters of the created system heating, was reliable and easy to use, it is necessary to be guided by a number of criteria for evaluating such equipment when purchasing. - read in a separate publication of our portal.

Autonomous electric heating

The arrangement of electric heating is much simpler than gas heating. If only because there is a wider choice of where to install the boiler or other equipment, since the power supply is distributed throughout the apartments, and ventilation and exhaust systems for combustion products are not required.

When planning the installation of electric heating, first of all, you need to consult the institution of Energonadzor (or a similar organization). It is necessary to check the availability of resources in the house for the allocation of additional energy. If a written consent is received in this organization, then with it and with a request to disconnect the apartment from the centralized heat supply, it is necessary to contact the heating network service.

The list of other documentation should be clarified with the energy company and with self-government bodies. The fact is that when installing electric heating in different regions of the country, the requirements for its installation can vary significantly. The only thing to note is that the number of documents and approvals will be much less compared to the gas option for heating an apartment.

Thanks to modern technology, today you can choose one of two options for electric heating. One involves the use of a heating unit with a conventional piping for the circulation of the coolant. The second involves direct heating by separately installed devices or systems - electric convectors, infrared heaters, "" systems.

Heating using an electric boiler

The system using a coolant, that is, piping and radiators remain in place. But they are connected to an electric heating boiler, and the coolant will be heated from it, and not from the central heating main.

Most modern models of electric heating units are equipped with automatic control. Therefore, the system can be programmed in such a way that the heating of the premises to the required temperature indicators will not occur constantly, but only at the time set by the owners. You can save a lot on this function, for example, using a nightly reduced rate for “charging” heat accumulator.

Wall-mounted electric boilers are on sale, which can have a power of 5 ÷ 60 kW, as well as floor options, their power exceeds 60 kW.

Which one to choose, experts will tell you when submitting documents for drafting an electric heating system, in which there will be a diagram of its arrangement. The choice of the boiler will depend on the area and location of the apartment in the house, the degree of its insulation, the number of windows and balconies, as well as the frame material. Usually, when choosing the power of the boiler, they rely on the established technological standards, that is, 1 kW of electricity per 10 "squares" of area.

We must not lose sight of the fact that if a unit with a power exceeding 9 kW is purchased, then there will be a need to re-equip the apartment electrical network and install a three-phase meter. If it is planned to install a heating boiler of a larger capacity, then before purchasing it, it is necessary to consult and obtain written permission from the local energy company.

It should be borne in mind that household electric boilers are not designed for a large number of radiators, respectively, their installation is optimal for heating small areas, up to 80 - 90 m². In addition to the boiler, "warm floor" systems can be used, which consume electricity quite economically.

Electrical units operate according to a standard automatic heating system. The coolant (water or antifreeze) is heated while passing through the boiler, and then enters the heating circuit with radiators installed in it. Passing this path, the coolant cools down and returns to the boiler for heating, etc. In order for the circulation to be more intense and the radiators to warm up faster, a circulation pump is installed in the heating circuit.

Electric boiler, unlike gas equipment, can be installed in any utility room where it is convenient to draw a power line, and from where it will be easier to carry out the general wiring of the heating circuit pipes. Most often, a kitchen or a bathroom is also chosen for this. But sometimes it is also mounted in the corridor, sinking the wiring of the circuit pipes into the wall surfaces.

What is an electric heating boiler?

The variety of such devices is quite large, and, not only in terms of size, power and other operational parameters, but even in terms of the principle of heating. Read more about this in a special article on our portal dedicated to.

Direct space heating with electrical appliances

Heating using separate electrical appliances or underfloor heating, which can be combined or operated separately, is called a direct heating system.

This option is preferable to choose if there is a desire to get rid of numerous pipes and volumetric radiators, since, for example, electric convectors have a more aesthetic appearance and compact size. The "warm floor" system can be cable rod or film - but in any case, it is generally invisible to the eye.

When combining individual devices into a single system, it is possible to connect it to a common control unit, with the help of which temperature conditions are set by time of day and by day of the week, taking into account the daily routine of the family.

When choosing any type of electric heating, for safety reasons, it is necessary to provide grounding, without which a permit to put the system into operation will not be issued.

The advantage of electric heating is that it is safer than gas heating. And compared to the central system, it can be easily and very accurately regulated, setting the required temperature.

The main disadvantage of the electrical system is that in the event of a power outage, the apartment will be left not only without lighting, but also without heating. Therefore, if in a particular locality this phenomenon is repeated with frightening constancy, then it is better to opt for autonomous gas heating of an apartment. In addition, the obvious "minuses" include very high tariffs for electricity.

Features of the arrangement of electric heating are the observance of certain conditions that are not provided for the gas version of heating. So, experts recommend:

• Conduct for electric heating system from distribution shield a separate power cable, which stabilizes the load on the general house electrical network.
• RCD systems are installed today in all apartments of new buildings equipped with autonomous electric heating. If it is not there, then you will have to attend to the acquisition of such a block. This - reliable protection against electric shock when it leaks to the instrument case.
• It is highly desirable to install a two-tariff meter, which will help save money if the heat supply to the premises takes place during preferential hours.

Devices and systems for direct space heating - what to choose?

The variety of such devices is extremely wide. With you can get acquainted in a special article of the portal. Another publication will describe in detail the varieties and specific features various systems.

Installation of an autonomous heating system

Disconnecting the apartment from the central heating and hot water supply lines, as well as installing a gas and electric boiler, is carried out only by specialists from energy companies who have a special documented permit to carry out such work.

Such rules have been introduced to comply with all safety conditions both during installation and during the operation of the equipment. We must not forget that in an apartment building there are many neighboring apartments with people in them. Don't put your life and theirs in danger.

You can take on the laying of pipes and the arrangement of heating radiators, the installation of other necessary elements of the system. But even then - only if you have good skills in conducting such operations.

In this publication, dwelling on the installation order does not make much sense. The fact is that with all the details it is set out in a special article of the portal.

The nuances of installing a water heating system

Whether a gas boiler is installed, or an electric one, otherwise the wiring of the pipe circuit, the installation of radiators, additional appliances and parts are almost the same. How it is carried out in a house or apartment - the recommended link will lead you to the corresponding detailed instructions.

Before deciding to abandon centralized heating and hot water supply, it is necessary to weigh all the positive and negative aspects of autonomous heating of the apartment. And only after such a comparison and a thoughtful analysis - to start collecting documents.

One more small clarification. It may also happen that, having disconnected the apartment from heat supply and hot water supply, you still have to pay for general house heating. But these amounts will be quite miserable, compared to those that were indicated on a monthly basis in the payment order earlier.

And in conclusion - a short video that will also help weigh all the "pros" and "contras" of an autonomous heating system in an apartment

Video: Advantages and disadvantages of an autonomous apartment heating system