Economy of the Volga region

Ponomarenko G.N., teacher of geography MBOU school number 36, Murmansk

Economy of the Volga region

Branches of specialization

Industry

Agriculture

Branches of specialization of the Volga region

What is the branch of specialization of the area?

District specialization in the production of certain products for export outside the district

What conditions are necessary for the development of industries of specialization?

Favorable natural conditions, natural resources, the number and qualifications of labor resources, the level of development of productive forces

On the basis of knowledge about the natural conditions, resources and population of the area and using the atlas map p. 34, identify the areas of specialization of the Volga region.

Branches of specialization of the Volga region: mechanical engineering, chemical industry, fuel and energy complex, agriculture.

Mechanical engineering of the Volga region

The main feature of the Volga region mechanical engineering is a high proportion of industries providing the development of scientific and technological revolution: instrument making, radio engineering, electronics, aerospace engineering.

In the Volga region, 80% of the country's cars and 20% of trucks are produced: the VAZ automobile plant (Togliatti) - cars, KAMAZ (Naberezhnye Chelny) - heavy vehicles, the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant - all-terrain vehicles, Engels - trolleybuses and buses.

Mechanical engineering of the Volga region

The Volga region is one of the main regions for the production of aerospace equipment. Aircraft - Kazan, Samara; rockets - Samara; helicopters - Kazan

Rocket assembly workshop

Chemical industry

The Volga region ranks 1st in the country in terms of the level of development of the chemical industry. What resources of the region serve as raw materials for this industry. Name the centers of the chemical industry (atlas page 34)

Extraction of sulfur (Samara region), salt (Baskunchak). Production of synthetic rubber (Volzhsky, Kazan, Nizhnekamsk), plastics (Volgograd, Samara) chemical fibers (Nizhnekamsk, Volzhsky)

Synthetic rubber

Synthetic rubber tires

Auto parts made of plastic

Chemical fibers

Fuel and energy complex

Using the atlas map (page 34), determine: in which regions of the Volga region oil and gas are produced?

Oil reserves - 7% of the total Russian reserves are concentrated in Tatarstan, the Astrakhan region and on the shelf of the Caspian Sea. The Volga region is the largest oil refining region in the country.

Oil production in Tatarstan

Gas production in the Astrakhan region

Distribution of gas reserves by region (million cubic meters)

Astrakhan region

The Volga region specializes in the production of electricity (Saratov region, Tatarstan). Using the atlas map on page 12, determine the types of power plants in the Volga region

Uranium is used as a common fuel for nuclear power plants. The fission reaction is carried out in the main block of a nuclear power plant - a nuclear reactor.

The reactor is controlled by neutron absorbing rods evenly distributed over the reactor 211. The fuel cartridge is installed in the technological channel. The number of technological channels in the reactor is 1661.

The reactor is located in a reinforced concrete shaft. The mass of the reactor is transferred to the concrete through the metal structures, which simultaneously serve as protection against radiation and, together with the reactor shell, form an airtight cavity - the reactor space.

Balakovo NPP

Balakovo NPP

Laying the foundation stone for a nuclear power plant

The reactor vessel is lowered into the shaft

Location: near Balakovo (Saratov region)

Reactor types: VVER-1000

Power units: 4

Commissioning years: 1985, 1987, 1988, 1993

Capacity: 4000 MW

The station based on the results of work in 1995, 1999, 2000, 2003 and 2005-2007. was awarded the title "Best NPP in Russia".

Balakovo NPP is the largest electricity producer in Russia. It generates more than 30 billion kWh of electricity annually (more than any other nuclear, thermal and hydroelectric power plant in the country). Balakovo NPP provides a quarter of electricity production in the Volga Federal District and a fifth of the generation of all nuclear power plants in the country. Its electricity is reliably supplied to consumers in the Volga region (76% of the electricity supplied by it), the Center (13%), the Urals (8%) and Siberia (3%). Electricity of Balakovo NPP is the cheapest among all NPPs and thermal power plants in Russia. The installed capacity utilization factor (ICUF) at Balakovo NPP is over 80 percent.

Engine room

Agriculture of the Volga region

Atlas p. 34 identify the area's specialization industries

20% of the grain is grown here. The region takes the 1st place in the production of flour in the country.

1/3 of tomatoes are grown

¾ watermelons

The region ranks 1st in the country for the production of meat and cereals.

Sturgeon fish are caught in the Lower Volga region

Bream, walleye, carp

Caviar is being prepared

What are the centers of production of cars, trolley buses

What are the centers for the production of aircraft, helicopters,

Which branches of the chemical industry are represented

in the Volga region?

Name the industries of specialization of the Volga region

Aircraft - Kazan, Samara, Saratov; helicopters - Kazan;

missiles - Samara

Mechanical engineering, chemical industry,

Fuel and energy complex, agriculture

Cars - Togliatti, Naberezhnye Chelny, Ulyanovsk

Trolleybuses - Engels

Extraction of sulfur - Samara region, salts - Baskunchak; synthetic

rubber - Volzhsky, Kazan, Nizhnekamsk; plastics - Samara,

Volgograd; chemical fibers - Nizhnekamsk, Volzhsky

The production of which agricultural products of the region are of all-Russian importance

Meat, flour, cereals, table salt

1. Branches of specialization of the Volga region: a) non-ferrous metallurgy

b) mechanical engineering c) chemical industry d) timber industry e) agriculture

2. Large car factories are located in the cities: a) Kazan

b) Togliatti c) Naberezhnye Chelny d) Astrakhan e) Engels

3. Aircraft are produced in cities: a) Kazan

b) Togliatti c) Samara d) Astrakhan e) Saratov

4. Electricity production is specialized in:

a) Saratov region b) Tatarstan c) Kalmykia d) Penza region

5. The Volga region is distinguished by the production of: a) grains b) flax c) tomatoes d) sugar beets e) watermelons

1bvd; 2bc; 3avd; 4ab; 5avd

Task number 1

Show the mineral deposits of the Volga region on the contour map.

Task number 2

Draw large hydroelectric power plants and nuclear power plants of the Volga region on the contour map

Task number 3

List the centers of mechanical engineering of the Volga region. What types of machines are produced in the area? Fill out the results in the table:

Mechanical Engineering Centers	Products and services

http://www.newchemistry.ru/images/img/letters5/3266.jpg- products of the chemical industry

http://im2-tub.yandex.net/i?id=203602794-09- oil production

http://www.kamaz.ru/i/kamaz.jpg- heavy vehicles

http://italian.ruvr.ru/data/532/186/1234/aviastar.jpg- aircraft production

http://img12.nnm.ru/a/2/5/1/7/a2517ddb7cc8dc54fffe54530a441d59_full.jpg- mechanical engineering

http://www.agro.ru/imgs/2937_.jpg- grain production

http://www.agro.ru/imgs/6418_.jpg- wheat

www.mmc.ru- map of the Volga region (electronic manual)

http://images.businessweek.com/ss/09/12/1209_best_and_worst_401k/image/009_albemarle.jpg- oil refinery

http://images.reklama.com.ua/2010-11-04/591619/photos0-800x600.jpeg- transport of the Volga region

http://www.td-belarus.ru/images/td-belarus.ru/catalogue/catalogue_42/element_443_530.jpg- harvesting

http://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/3313/tuningsvs-ru.1/0_5831_1f4431b0_XL- auto "Lada"

http://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/3310/boss-f.6/0_279e8_5e2f8527_XL- auto "Lada"

http://megaobzor.com/load/avto/nmz.jpg- KAMAZ

http://www.citadelavto.ru/im/photo_gallery_ural/429_1088.jpg- KAMAZ

http://www.avto.ru/foto/28.07.2009/fotoMax/1_43575_b.jpg- "Niva"

http://seet.tv/gallery/gusenichnye-amfibii/gusenichnye-amfibii_vezdehod_uaz-1.jpg- all-terrain vehicles

http://static.baza.farpost.ru/bulletins_images/4/1/6/4167864.jpg- all-terrain vehicle

http://www.izvestia64.ru/images/uploads/alHj2TuDoLF.jpg- trolleybus

http://i.uralweb.ru/albums/fotos/files/356/3569b27dcce1a815787c6bcdfda4997f.jpg- airplane

http://www.tupolev.ru/images/Pictures/Gallery/204-300/204-300-vv2-01.jpg- airplane

http://www.eurocopter.com/publications/doc_wsw/EC135_Hermes.jpg- helicopter

http://vladimirdn.ucoz.ru/_ph/34/123763876.jpg- rocket assembly shop

http://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/4113/izsurguta.1/0_2381e_403a076c_XL- rocket nozzles

http://www.spetsstroy.ru/upload/images/photo/1/1256.jpg- rocket launch preparation

www.mmc.ru- Volgo-Kamsky automobile region, scheme "Chemical complex" (electronic manual)

http://im8-tub.yandex.net/i?id=72943942-12 artificial rubber

http://img.lenta.ru/news/2006/11/29/fixing/picture.jpg- tires

http://freefabric.ru/images/volokno_61_1269626735.jpg- chemical fibers

http://www.rosnedra.com/data/Photos/Photo/23.GIF- distribution of free gas reserves by region

http://www.cttimes.org/attachments/950/55_27.jpg gas field, Astrakhan region

http://www.photodreamstudio.ru/gal-15/gal-15-0013.jpg- oil of Tatarstan

http://img12.nnm.ru/b/3/1/d/c/772be109c8fe145f6adf4b7a6c4.jpg- oil

http://obenameur.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/petrochina.jpg?w=575&h=385- oil production

http://www.treehugger.com/peak%20oil%202014%20crude%20oil%20production%20study.jpg- oil production

http://i002.radikal.ru/0910/e5/38b660c1d8b6.jpg- HPP on the Volga

http://vgt.mgsu.ru/pic/volga_10.jpg- HPP

http://competition.mobilafun.ru/uploads/competition/1/64/photo/187_b.JPG- Saratov hydroelectric power station

http://www.myjulia.ru/data/cache/2010/01/14/309578_6341-800x600.jpg- tomatoes

http://dekret.ucoz.ru/de5f7c2189ab.jpg- watermelons

http://www.lisburncity.gov.uk/filestore/images/Raw-Meat-1.jpg- meat

http://www.krasu.ru/nature/f/osetr3.jpg- sturgeon

http://img.crazys.info/files/i/2009.10.23/1256310317_387464014.jpg- bream

http://img.oboz.obozrevatel.com/files/NewsPhoto/2008/12/22/275704/137906_image_large.jpg- black caviar

http://www.kraskomplekt.ru/product/ogn/info/sour/obj3.jpg- Balakovo NPP

http://forum.nov.ru/uploads/monthly_02_2009/post-38788-1233695748.jpg- engine room

http://www.minatom.ru/u/big/10.070416.jpg- Balakovo NPP

http://ruatom.ru/50let/8-3.jpg- Balakovo NPP, stone laying

http://ruatom.ru/50let/4-7.jpg- Balakovo NPP, reactor shaft

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/photo/gallery/100622/GAL-10Jun22-4941/media/PHO-10Jun22-233458.jpg- Balakovo NPP

http://www.realeconomy.ru/215/3546/3737/index.shtml- Balakovo NPP, text

1. Fill in the top of the area's "business card".

2. Draw the main geographic objects on the contour of the Volga region. (Remember how you did a similar task for the previous districts).

3. In the "business card" indicate the degree of neighborhood.

4. Draw on the map the largest transport routes, oil and gas pipelines, power lines passing through the Volga region.

Most of them are oriented towards the Volga River in order to provide district with cheap electricity.

5. Mark the type of territorial structure in the table on page 64 and in the business card.

6. Show on the diagram the uniting (integrating) and separating (disintegrating) impact of the Volga on the region.

7. Mark in the "business card" the degree to which natural conditions are favorable for human life.

8. Arrange the listed cities of the Volga region in the sequence in which they would have sailed, moving downstream of the Volga: Volgograd, Astrakhan, Samara, Saratov, Ulyanovsk, Kazan.

Kazan, Ulyanovsk, Samara, Saratov, Volgograd, Astrakhan.

9. Many cities of the Volga region have satellite cities. Write what they are called and what are the reasons for their occurrence.

Samara - Novokuibyshevsk, Chapaevsk, Kinel.

Saratov - Engels.

Volgograd - Volzhsky, Krasnoslobodsk.

Cause of occurrence- industrial development.

10. Using the data of the tables on pp.65-67, show on the diagrams the share of the Volga region on the scale of Russia.

Compare these indicators. What is the evidence of their comparison?

The Volga region is small, but the industry is very developed here.

11. Build a diagram of the sectoral structure of the Volga region industry (see task 1 on p.69). Compare it with the all-Russian and diagrams of other regions.

12. One of the most important branches of specialization of the Volga region is the automotive industry. Indicate on the diagram the factors that contributed to the development of the automobile industry in the area.

13. Fill in the bottom of the "business card".

14. On the basis of the data in the table, draw up a schematic map "Automotive industry of the Volga region". Draw production centers on the contour: with ordinary circles - cars, trolleybuses, trailers; double circles - individual parts of cars; squares - products used in the automotive industry.

15. Study the scheme of the Volga oil complex.

16. Using maps of the atlas and textbook, put the composition of the Samara and Saratov complexes.

17. Show on the diagram the changes in agricultural specialization of the area when moving from north to south.

18. Many works of literature and art, the names of outstanding cultural figures of Russia are associated with the Volga. Remember them.

Painting by A.E. Arkhipov "On the Volga", V.I. Ovchinnikov "Moonlit Night on the Volga", a poem by N.А. Nekrasov "On the Volga".

On the territory of the former USSR, they are still engaged in the creation, along with "VAZs" and a large number of foreign cars. A large number of factors contributed to this, but this fact already indicates the benefits of assembling them. First of all, attention is drawn to the automotive industry of the Volga region. It is no coincidence that this area has been called the country's "automotive workshop" for many years.

Automotive industry of the Volga region

For many, it is no secret that the automotive industry is perhaps the most developed industry. And at the moment, the centers of the automotive industry in the Volga region are the following cities:

• Togliatti - in this city the main products are Zhiguli cars,
• Ulyanovsk - local enterprises supply UAZ all-terrain vehicles to the market,
• Naberezhnye Chelny - here the bulk of the assortment is represented by heavy-duty KAMAZ trucks.

It is no coincidence that such an industry as the automotive industry has developed in the region. The fact is that the automotive industry of the Volga region was able to form thanks to the presence of favorable conditions here:

• The district has a convenient location in a place where the main consumers of the products are concentrated;
• The presence of a well-developed transport network;
• The industrial complex is developed to such an extent that there are opportunities for organizing broad cooperation ties.

At the moment, the region supplies to the domestic market 71% of cars and 17% of trucks.

Automotive enterprises of the Volga region

In modern conditions, the Russian north is also unable to compete, while the Volga region continues to increase its representation in the domestic market. There are the following main enterprises engaged in the production of cars in the area:

• Volzhsky Automobile Plant "AvtoVAZ". Today, such models as Lada Priora, Lada Kalina, Lada Granta, etc. are rolling off the assembly line of this enterprise.
• GM-AvtoVAZ is a joint project of the Russian concern and the American General Motors. This company is engaged in the production of passenger models "Chevrolet Niva" and "Chevrolet Viva".
• Gorky Automobile Plant ("GAZ") - its specialization is the production of minibuses "Sobol" and "Gazelle". Also in its assortment are cargo models.
• The IzhAvto enterprise provides the Russian market with such products as VAZ 2104, VAZ 2107, Sorento and Kia Spectra.
• The automobile enterprise "UAZ" has been offering consumers a group of off-road vehicles: "Hunter", "Patriot" and "Pickup" for several years already.

The Sollers company, which owns a controlling stake in the ZMA (Naberezhnye Chelny) and UAZ (Ulyanovsk) car plants, also contributes. It is licensed by the Chinese corporation Ssangyong Motor to produce models such as Ssangyong Rexton, Ssangyong Kyron and Ssangyong Aktion. Also in its assortment are trucks "Isuzu NQR71P" and "Isuzu NKR55E", produced under the license of the Japanese concern "Izudzu Motors".

Lada is the most common car in the Volga region

A recent study of the structure of the passenger car fleet, carried out across all territories of the country, showed that cars produced by the Volga Automobile Plant make up 56.4% of the total number of cars registered there in the Volga Federal District. Such a high rate is not observed in any other federal district. So, if we take into account the north-western part of Russia, then Lada cars have a share of about 38%, in central Russia their number is 41%, and in the Urals - 47%.

The most popular foreign car in the Volga region is Toyota, which occupies 2.7% of the park. Car enthusiasts show much less interest in brands such as Chevrolet (2.5%), Ford (1.9%), Hyundai (1.8%), etc.

If we analyze separately the regions of the Volga region, then the maximum representation of foreign cars is noted in the Perm Territory, Tatarstan, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Udmurtia and Samara Region.

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Page 3

But the automotive industry stands out especially in the Volga region. The Volga region has long been rightfully called the "automobile workshop" of the country. There are all the necessary prerequisites for the development of this industry: the region is located in the zone of concentration of the main consumers of products, it is well provided with a transport network, the level of development of the industrial complex makes it possible to organize wide cooperation ties.

In the Volga region, 71% of Russian cars and 17% of trucks are manufactured. Among the engineering centers, the largest are:

Samara (machine-tool industry, bearing production, aircraft construction, production of automotive and tractor equipment, mill and elevator equipment, etc.);

Saratov (machine tools, production of oil and gas chemical equipment, diesel engines, bearings, etc.);

Volgograd (tractor building, shipbuilding, production of equipment for the petrochemical industry, etc.);

Togliatti (a complex of VAZ enterprises - the leading one in the country's automotive industry).

Important centers of mechanical engineering are Kazan and Penza (precision engineering), Syzran (equipment for the energy and petrochemical industries), Engels (90% of trolleybus production in the Russian Federation).

The Volga region is one of the main regions of Russia for the production of aerospace equipment.

LITERATURE

1. “Geography. Population and Economy of Russia ", V.Ya. Rum, V.P. Dronov. Bustard, 1998

2. "Preparing for the exam in geography", II. Barinov, V. Ya. Rum, V.P. Dronov. Iris, 1998

3. "Economic Geography of Russia", I.А. Rodionova. "Moscow Lyceum", 1998

4. "Economic Geography of Russia", uch. ed. IN AND. Vidyapina. Infra-M, 1999