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When building a private house, the problem of draining groundwater from the foundation often arises. This is very important when their level is high, and at the base of the soil there is clay or loam. This is also of great importance if the house has a basement or basement. If the foundation of the building is not drained, then the basement will always be damp, the walls will be covered with mold, and it is also possible to flood the floor with groundwater.

Water adversely affects the durability and strength of the concrete structures of the foundation of the house, regardless of the quality and composition of the waterproofing. The foundation drainage scheme is developed at the design stage and carried out together with the foundation device, which saves on earthworks.

The main types of drainage system

According to the functional purpose and method of installation, there are several main types of drainage around the foundation of the house:

• surface drainage - acts as a storm sewer around the house, is closely connected with the roof drainage system;
• wall drainage of the foundation;
• circular foundation drainage;
• reservoir drainage.

Each species has its own characteristics and purpose. Often several types of drainage are performed simultaneously, while surface drainage drains rainwater from the roof of the building, and wall drainage drains groundwater from the base of the foundation.

Photo from the site when laying the drainage.

Ring drainage is often used in the construction of private houses in areas with a high level of groundwater. It consists of drainage perforated pipes laid along the perimeter of the foundation of the house, and manholes.

Such a drainage system can be around any foundation - slab, tape, columnar. This system ends with a common drainage well, into which all discharged water is discharged. Water is drained from it by a sewer pipe towards the street or ravine.

The difference between wall and ring drainage is the distance of its device from the foundation surface. For ring drainage, this is an average of three meters, and wall drainage is arranged at a distance of about one meter.

Reservoir drainage is carried out under the entire building area and can be used with slab and strip foundations. It is often used in the construction of baths.

There is a system of so-called. foundation drainage light, used to protect basements from groundwater in clay soils. It is usually used for unused basements.

Materials and tools

For the foundation drainage, the following materials will be required, which must be purchased in advance, taking into account the drafted project:

• perforated plastic pipe;
• geotextile;
• manholes;
• sand;
• rubble.

If necessary, you can use the available improvised materials for the construction of manholes.

Film for waterproofing.

In addition to materials for high-quality installation, you will need the necessary tools:

• shovels and bayonet shovels;
• jackhammer;
• wheelbarrow for transportation of soil and gravel;
• laser or conventional level;
• roulette and pegs;
• cord;
• grinder for cutting pipes;
• knife for cutting geotextiles.

All work on the installation of an annular drainage system around the house does not present much difficulty in their implementation and can be done by hand, without the involvement of specialists. However, project documentation, which stipulates the need for a drainage system, must be ordered from specialized design organizations that can assess the composition of the soil in the selected area.

Drainage device

A common type of drainage system for the foundation of a house is ring drainage. It is better to perform it in parallel with the construction of the foundation of the house. Consider step by step the entire process of installing such a system. Waterproofing must be done before draining. All work can be divided into the following stages:

• preparation of a trench around the house to the depth of the base of the foundation, its width can be any, but not less than 50 cm, while the bottom is made with a slope of about 2 cm per meter;
• backfilling of the underlying cushion of sand with a thickness of 150 - 200 mm;
• installation of revision and drainage wells at the corners of the building, holes must first be made in their walls;
• laying geotextiles up to two meters wide at the bottom of the trench;
• arrangement of a layer of crushed stone of the middle fraction at the bottom of the trench over geotextile, this layer should be up to 20 cm thick;
• laying perforated pipes with a slope;
• backfilling pipes with crushed stone with a layer of approximately 30 - 40 cm;
• wrapping pipes covered with crushed stone, overlapped geotextiles;
• backfilling the trench with soil to the level of the blind area.

Foundation drainage can be done by hand without the involvement of specialists. The considered option refers to the device of deep drainage to combat groundwater. Using the same technology, surface drainage can be performed, which acts as a storm sewer, collecting and discharging rainwater from the roof and from the local area.

Let us consider in more detail the device for deep drainage for the foundation of a building. This type is suitable for the strip foundation of the house. Ring, as well as wall drainage around the foundation, can be performed both after the construction of the house, and in parallel with the foundation, which is much more preferable.

The depth of the drainage is different, but basically it depends on the depth of the foundation. It is optimal when the drainage pipes are at the level of the lower plane of the strip foundation.

For proper slope design, it is best to use a laser or optical level, setting a slope of 2 cm per linear meter. The trench mark is easy to determine, knowing the depth of laying the pipe for drainage - it is approximately equal to the depth of the foundation. At the same time, the trench is deepened 300 mm lower - for the installation of a sand cushion and crushed stone bedding.

After laying the pipes and connecting them to the revision wells, the slope is finally checked, if necessary, filling or deepening is done - this is the most important stage of the whole work. The slope is checked throughout the drainage system: between manholes, between the annular drainage and the last well, as well as the exit from it to a street well or ravine. Everywhere there should be a slope of at least 2 cm per meter.

Wall drainage.

The next stage is backfilling the pipes with a layer of rubble and wrapping this “pie” with geotextiles so that the canvas overlaps. It remains to backfill - it can be done with sand or soil previously removed from the trench.

Errors in the installation of drainage at home and its maintenance

The device of the drainage drainage system from the foundation of buildings is carried out in such a way that it is not connected with the deep drainage system. Many people make the mistake of draining rainwater from the roof into foundation drainage. This is a mistake, since this system is designed exclusively for the removal of groundwater. And the ingress of water at different times of the year into the deep drainage system can quickly disable it.

And also a very important point at which they make a mistake is the insufficient slope of the drainage pipes and, as a result, stagnation of water in them. This problem is very difficult to fix after all work is completed. Therefore, the issue of correct and sufficient slope must be paid attention from the very beginning of the drainage device. The wall drainage of the foundation is connected to the drainage well, into which water is drained and from the storm sewer, at the same time it has an outlet towards the street well or, if there is none, beyond the territory of the site into the ravine.

Like any other engineering network, the foundation drainage system requires periodic inspection and maintenance. This is due to contamination of the drainage pipes during operation. For this, revision wells are provided at the corners of the building. You can lower the hose in them and wash all the sediment with a jet of water under pressure, but you need to start from the top point.

Foundation drainage video

Conclusion

The drainage device near the foundation begins to be decided at the design stage. And it is necessary to entrust this to specialized design organizations that can correctly assess the geological features of a particular site and determine the depth of groundwater. To mount drainage around the foundation with your own hands according to a ready-made scheme and with knowledge of the technology, any person can do it.

Foundation drainage - removal of excess ground or surface moisture from the surrounding soil layer using special systems of channels, pipes, wells and collectors. It is especially in demand with a high level of groundwater, a rainy climate and in regions with frequent flooding.

Source lipetsk.tiu.ru

What is drainage for?

Drainage of the site adjacent to the foundation will help eliminate or reduce the negative impact of groundwater, floods, and seasonal precipitation.

As a result of frost heaving in winter, soil movements occur and parts of the foundation are pushed to the surface. This is facilitated by the freezing of the top layer of the earth saturated with moisture. Timely removal of moisture with the help of a drainage system eliminates the main reason - excessive moisture in the soil adjacent to the structure.

The soil is saturated with water in rainy autumn and when snow melts, even at low GWL. The highest quality foundation waterproofing does not 100% protect the structure from moisture. The walls of basements and basements are covered with stains of fungus and mold. In winter frosts, the moisture that has turned into ice increases in volume, breaking the pores of concrete. Cracks appear and propagate with each freeze-thaw cycle.

Source hydromax.ru

Lack of drainage negatively affects the bearing capacity of soils. Prolonged rains and flood waters erode dense layers of soil, making them loose and unstable. This leads to deformations of the foundation, threatens to destroy the entire house.

Waterlogging of clayey, loamy, peaty and silty soils, sapropels is especially dangerous. On such soils, at any groundwater level, it is recommended to arrange drainage around the foundation without fail. This will help to avoid dampness of the basement walls, freezing of structures, frost heaving, and extend the life of the base.

Types of drainage systems

According to the depth of laying, drainage systems are divided into two main types - surface and underground.

Surface drainage

With low GWL and poorly permeable soils, surface drainage is used. Its purpose is to collect and divert perched water from the territory adjacent to the house. It is a system of channels with a laying depth of not more than 1 m, which can be open and decorative or closed, hidden under gratings.

Source hydromoskva.ru

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of design and installation of sewerage and water supply. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Surface drainage is laid along the walls along the perimeter of the building in the form of:

• linear system - earth gutters that divert flood or rainwater from the foundation, paths, utility rooms into the sewer, septic tank or outside the site;
• point drainage open or closed wells located in the lowest places near communications, retaining walls, basements.

underground drainage

Underground drainage has a more complex and often multi-level device. It is used for draining areas with close groundwater, clay soils, in lowlands, near natural reservoirs.

In private construction, three underground drainage systems are used:

1. Vertical - from wells or lowering wells up to 20-50 m deep, from which water is pumped out or penetrates into the underlying water-absorbing layer.
2. Horizontal - from low-slope perforated pipes laid in trenches with drainage material, conducting water into the drainage well,
3. Combined - combining horizontal and vertical drainage.

Source blog-potolok.ru

Underground drainage systems have three constructive forms:

1. Ring. A closed loop of drains is used to lower the overall level of groundwater, to protect the basements of one or a group of buildings from flooding. Perforated pipes are buried below the base of the foundation and the freezing point of the soil, stepping back from the wall by 5-8 meters. Such drainage is used on sandy soils, slopes of the relief, with groundwater level above the sole.
2. Wall. They are used when the groundwater level is closer than 0.5 m from the bottom of the foundation, clay soils, the possibility of flooding with top water. Drains are laid along the perimeter of the walls under the sole with a slope of 2 °. The liquid flows by gravity or with the help of a pump into the water collectors, is used for irrigation or is removed to the sewer.
3. Plast. The most difficult system to build. Designed to remove interstratal waters lying between impermeable rocks, in case of groundwater backwater or inefficiency of other types of drainage. It is an artificially created reservoir under the foundation slab. Before installation, the space is filled with crushed stone, gravel, stone. The depth of the pit for reservoir drainage is at least 0.3 m.

Elements of systems can be combined or combined.

Online foundation calculator

If the drainage system is designed at the beginning of the construction of the house, then its arrangement will depend on the parameters of the future foundation.

To find out the approximate cost of foundations of various types, use the following calculator:

Drainage calculation

Before starting work on drainage, the depth of laying, the slope of drains, the number of wells are calculated, and their locations are specified. This will help to avoid mistakes in which the operation of the drainage system becomes ineffective or leads to the opposite result.

Surface drainage is laid at a shallow depth. The slope of the gutters should not be less than 2 cm per 100 cm of length in clay soils, 3 cm in sandy soils. They are located in places where water flows down hard surfaces - paths, platforms and next to drainpipes. It is not recommended to combine it with deep drainage, since in case of an emergency the volume of liquid removed can exceed the system's capabilities many times over.

Source bankfs.ru

When calculating the underground drainage of the foundation of a house, two values ​​\u200b\u200bare taken into account:

1. The depth of soil freezing. Drains should be laid below the point where the water in the ground turns into ice. Moisture frozen in the cavity of the pipe is impermeable, it can break the walls of the conduit. The indicator is determined according to the region according to SNiP "Construction climatology", SP 131.13330.2012 or according to the table on the Internet, taking into account the type of soil. For example, in Moscow, the zero point in loam is at a depth of 120 cm. 120+40=160 cm.
2. The depth of the base of the foundation. The drainage is placed 30-50 cm lower. at a depth of at least 160 cm.

After studying the relief of the site, they design the location of drains, manholes, water receivers, connecting nodes (SNiP 2.06.15-85, 2.04.03-85), draw a foundation drainage scheme. Take into account the possibility of draining water into a sewer, a ravine or pumping it into a sewage truck.

Drainage wells are placed at turns and no further than 20 m from them, drainage wells - at the lower points of the site. Slope - 2 cm per 100 cm of water pipes. Pipe diameter - 110-160 mm. Calculate the total length of the drains, the number of connecting elements, the consumption of geotextiles, the volume of backfill for the pillow.

Ring drainage construction

To lower the overall level of groundwater in sandy soil, ring drainage is arranged at a distance of 5-8 meters from the walls of the house.

Source ecoterem-spb.ru

The device of the ring drainage system includes:

1. Trench laying. In the driest period of the year, for example, at the end of summer, the route is marked with pegs with a cord or fishing line. Dig channels with vertical walls to the estimated depth. Control the magnitude of the slope with a building level or level. The diameter of the extensions for the wells should be 20-30 cm wider.
2. Adding sand to the bottom of the trench with a thickness of 15-20 cm.
3. Geotextile laying. Align the middle of the canvas with the axis of the channel. The edges are fixed on the walls.
4. Backfilling of crushed stone pillow. The layer thickness is 30 cm. A longitudinal recess is arranged in the center for drains.
5. Drain pipe laying. The joints are connected with fittings, clamps.
6. Gravel bedding. It should evenly surround the conduit.
7. Geotextile laying on top of crushed stone backfill. The panels are overlapped.
8. Installation of revision wells in extensions. Connect to drainage pipes with couplings, muffle unused holes.
9. Insulation of the space between the walls of the well and the ground with expanded clay, foam or crushed stone.
10. Conclusion of the pipe to the general storm sewer, drainage well. If you place the receiving tank at the lowest point of the site, the water will enter there along a natural slope without activating the pump.

Once every 2-3 years, the system is washed with water under pressure through manholes. Annular drainage is effective with the correct calculation and choice of the line laying scheme.

Wall foundation drainage device

This type of drainage is used on clay soils to protect basements and basements from flooding. Before starting work, you need to prepare - analyze the features of the relief of the site, draw up a diagram, calculate and deliver materials.

wall drainage Source stroy-dom-pravilno.ru

The device for wall drainage of the foundation is carried out in the following sequence:

1. The foundation of the constructed building is torn off until the sole is exposed. The width of the moat is from 25 to 80 cm, depending on the depth of the structure.
2. Install storage wells made of concrete rings or ready-made plastic tanks with taps and perforations.
3. The base is waterproofed with coating or roll materials.
4. The surface of the foundation is insulated with a slab heat insulator, for example, foam.
5. Revision wells are installed at the corners of the building, at the intersections of communications and at least 20 m from the turns. The bottom is deepened relative to the level of the pipes by 10-30 cm. This helps to catch sand from the drainage water.
6. Covered with geotextiles.
7. Perforated pipes are laid on top of a pillow of crushed stone or sand, observing a slope of 2 cm per 1 meter. They are connected to each other and wells with fittings, clamps.
8. Cover the system with geotextiles.
9. Backfill with gravel to a thickness of 30 cm with compaction. They return the native soil to its place.

When building a new house, drainage is laid during earthworks or when building a foundation.

Video description

Wall drainage construction report - in this video:

Modern materials for drainage

Currently, the construction market offers an improved version of drains - perforated corrugated pipes with geotextile or coconut fiber filtration layer. They are sold by the meter in bays. Diameter - 110, 160, 200 mm. They are light, bend and connect well. There are no geofabric operations on the construction site.

Source kanalizaciyasam.ru

Conclusion

For surface drainage, ready-made systems of pipes surrounded by foam filler and geotextile mesh are used. This protects the drains from freezing. It is not required to use crushed stone as a draining material. Its functions are performed by polymer balls. It is enough to dig trenches, lay the finished elements, connect and bring them to the water storage.

Water has a negative impact on the foundation, while the quality of the supporting structures and their durability suffer. In addition, excess water on the site can cause basement flooding and delivers a lot of inconvenient moments during landscape activities. The construction of a drainage system helps to solve most of these problems.

The main reasons for arranging foundation drainage

Foundation drainage must be equipped for the following reasons:

• High risk of flooding the basement or basement.
• The composition of groundwater contains aggressive substances and trace elements that are dangerous for the material from which the supporting structures are made.
• Reconstruction of the water drainage system is required due to the resulting leaks of various origins.
• The project of the house does not provide for the installation of organized water drainage from the roof, there are no outlet trays.
• The project of the house provides for the construction of elements that prevent the free outflow of water from the foundation.
• The building is located near open water bodies.
• The site is located in an area from which water leaves with great difficulty.
• The backfill technology is broken.

All of the above criteria lead to the penetration of moisture into the foundation, as a result of this:

• Chemical elements that are part of soil moisture destroy concrete.
• When moisture freezes, it turns into ice and breaks the concrete from the inside.

Moisture is the cause of heaving and movement of the soil, respectively, the foundation moves and swells. As a result, there is a distortion of door and window openings, the formation of cracks in the walls and the foundation itself. In addition, the trees on the site and the entire landscape suffer.

The drainage system, consisting of overground and underground channels, contributes to efficient water disposal.

Types and types of drainage

Foundation drainage can be performed according to the following schemes:

• Vertical arrangement. Such a system requires the mandatory presence of pumps and wells with liquid pumping.
• The horizontal arrangement includes a catchment area, a drainage system and a water intake part. On the basis of classification is divided into several types.
• Combined drainage involves the use of elements of both horizontal and vertical schemes.

Horizontal drainage is used to effectively remove moisture from the foundation. Depending on the location, two types of drainage are distinguished: surface and underground.

The first type is used when it is necessary to remove precipitation and groundwater located on the surface. In this case, the system consists of trenches and ditches.

The second type is used to remove moisture from the entire surface of the foundation, including the sole. Such drainage can be wall or ring.

The wall drainage system is the most popular, with its help it is possible to most effectively divert water from precipitation and melt water.

Depending on the type of foundation, wall drainage is done in two ways:

• Under the slab foundation, reservoir drainage is arranged, placing it at the level of the sand cushion. Read our article for more details.
• For strip foundations around the perimeter of the blind area, linear drainage is done. At the same time, it was noted that effective drainage is carried out to a depth of up to 5 meters.

Given the popularity of tape bases, it is necessary to take a closer look at the installation technology of linear drainage.

Regulations

It is necessary to select, design and lay the drainage system in accordance with the following regulatory documents:

• Sanitary Rules "Earth structures, foundations and foundations", in particular, we are talking about a specific item "Water reduction, organization of surface runoff, drainage and drainage".
• Sanitary Norms and Rules 3.07.03 of 1985.
• SNiP 3.05.05 of 1984.

The device of an underground drainage system of a linear type

The main condition for the arrangement of the drainage system is compliance with the requirements for its location:

• Wall drainage should be laid below the base of the foundation by 0.5 meters.
• The slope towards the catchment should be 2 cm per linear meter of the drainage pipe.
• The distance to the outer side of the foundation should be no more than 1 meter.

It is also important to determine the high and low points of the drainage system. First, a water collection point is determined, then another point. This takes into account the length of the pipe and the required level of slope.

A set of materials and tools

To equip the drainage system, you should prepare a set of necessary tools:

• A shovel, and you may need both a bayonet and a shovel.
• Roulette and building level.
• Perforator.
• A wheelbarrow or trolley with which it will be possible to remove the excavated soil from the site.
• Soil compaction device.

In addition, you should purchase the necessary materials in advance:

• Medium-grained or coarse-grained sand.
• Crushed stone with a grain size of 2-4 cm.
• Geological textiles.
• Drainage pipes of the appropriate diameter. In this case, asbestos-cement, ceramic or plastic products can be used.

Foundation drainage technology

The organization of drainage from the foundation is carried out according to the following scheme:

1. Conducting events. It is applied in two or three layers with additional fiberglass reinforcement. For foundations, the sole of which is located above the mark of 3 meters, the waterproofing layer may have a thickness of 2 mm. With a deeper laying, the total thickness of the waterproofing increases to 4 mm. See also .
2. Next, you need to dig trenches for drainage pipes. It is important to take into account the requirements for the location of the drainage.
3. The bottom of the finished trench is leveled and well compacted using a vibrating plate or a manual compactor.
4. Next, a layer of sand is poured, equipping a kind of pillow. Sand is also well compacted and geotextiles are spread over it. At the same time, the width of the canvas should be enough to wrap the drainage pipe without gaps.
5. Geotextiles are covered with a 10 cm layer of crushed stone, leaving free edges of the canvas.
6. Drainage pipes are laid on the rubble, taking into account the necessary slope so that water can drain arbitrarily.
7. The pipes should be connected to each other by installing manholes with a cover at each turn, which are vertical sections of the pipe. Manholes are needed in case of checking or flushing drainage pipes.
8. A layer of crushed stone or gravel up to 20 cm thick is poured over horizontally laid pipes.
9. The pipe, together with crushed stone or gravel, is wrapped with geotextile, trying to prevent gaps between the canvases.
10. Geotextiles are covered with several layers of sand, moistening and compacting each layer using a vibrating plate or a manual device.

When carrying out work, the following tips should be taken into account:

• Drainage pipes should have holes smaller than the fraction of crushed stone being poured.
• It is recommended to additionally fix the pipe wrapped with geotextile with a polypropylene rope. In this case, small particles will not enter the pipe and cause clogging of the system.
• It is possible to drain water from a drainage well into a storm sewer or into an open area, additionally arranging a filter layer of crushed stone.

Ring drainage is not equipped so often, in most cases it is used for buildings that do not have a basement or basement. In general, all work is carried out in the same sequence as in the construction of wall drainage for the foundation. A distinctive feature of this type of drainage system is the remote location in relation to the base of the house. This distance can be up to 3 meters, therefore, ring-type drainage cannot be closed with a blind area.

Arrangement of surface or storm drainage system

In addition to ground moisture, water flowing from the roof of a building can be a danger to the foundation. In this case, the destruction of the foundation, erosion of the soil in the area can also be observed. You can solve the problem with the help of a surface drainage system.

The storm system can be point and channel. Points are called sockets of water pipes. The capacity of the storm sewer is determined by the number of points.

Storm drainage is carried out using PVC sewer pipes, the diameter of which does not exceed 10 cm. Water from the entire storm system is discharged into a common well or discharged outside the site.

The surface drainage system of the channel type collects all the water on the surface formed after heavy rainfall or floods.

The channels are laid along the perimeter of the building after the installation of the blind area and are sent to a common collector.

With the right approach to arranging the drainage of the foundation, you can get an effective and durable drainage system.

Abundant seasonal rainfall and the proximity of aquifers to the ground surface make the owners of cottages and country houses think about dealing with excess moisture. Its excess can promise serious trouble:
soils oversaturated with moisture become limp, which makes it difficult to carry out work and creates difficulties for moving around the site;
due to hydrostatic pressure, moisture intensively penetrates into the pores of the foundation and other building structures, which leads to their partial destruction and decrease in reliability, flooding of the basement floors, deterioration of the microclimate in the premises;
during the off-season, when at night the air temperature drops below zero degrees, the moisture accumulated on the surface of the blind area and steps freezes and turns into ice - which not only contributes to the accelerated destruction of coatings, but most importantly, can cause injury to people.
water that is not diverted from the surface in the autumn-spring period freezes with an impenetrable crust in the upper fertile layer, which not only has a detrimental effect on the lawn and garden plants, but also contributes to the formation of the so-called perched water - water that forms on the surface of the soil, but is not able to seep into the ground due to the layer of ice. Such waters disappear only after complete thawing of the upper layer of the surface; in some cases, the soil does not thaw until the end of May.
The most effective method of struggle is the installation of a drainage system.

Main tasks of drainage

In the modern sense, drainage means the removal of water from the surface or the removal of groundwater on land.
The tasks that the drainage system solves are:
protection of buildings and structures, parts of structures from constant exposure to moisture;
preventing the penetration of moisture into residential and utility rooms;
ensuring the normal condition of the sites and tracks;
protection of planted plants from silting;
elimination of the phenomenon of water erosion of the upper fertile layers.
The first 3 of them are solved by wall or ring drainage at home.

What is an annular foundation drainage and its difference from wall drainage

Wall systems are highly efficient and provide maximum protection for foundations and basements of buildings. They are mounted, as a rule, during the construction of a house at the stage of laying buried structures (primarily foundations). Their main feature is the location in close proximity (at a distance of no more than 1 m) from the foundations and walls. Most often they are designed in conjunction with waterproofing systems.

When the house is already built and the construction of a wall drainage system is difficult or impossible, the foundation ring drainage will be the best way out.

This term is understood as a trench system in which drains are laid around the entire perimeter of the building at a certain distance (from 1 to 3 m) from the foundation structures.
This design determines the main features of the foundation annular drainage systems:
Ease of implementation - the system can be built on its own without the involvement of construction equipment and the use of expensive materials and components;
Specifics of application - the most commonly used ring drainage around the house in soils with high water permeability (for example, sandstones);
Mandatory requirements for installation - the system is effective only if the conditions for the depth of the bookmark, etc. are met.

Basic conditions for ring foundation drainage

For reliable protection of foundation structures from moisture and basements from flooding, when laying an annular drainage around the house, it is necessary to fulfill the conditions for:
Lowering the groundwater level within the serviced perimeter. It is determined by the depth of the drains, the height of the groundwater level and the height of the capillary rise of moisture in the soil. In practice, the annular drainage pipes of the foundation are located slightly below the calculated reduced GWL, and, as a rule, below the base of the building.
Ensuring an effective drainage radius. It determines the allowable distance from the structures to the axis of the drains and depends on the nature of the soil, the size of the foundation, the depth of the drainage pipes and the width of the trench. It should be remembered that laying at a distance less than the calculated one can lead to washing out of soil from under the foundations, and at a greater distance - to a decrease in the efficiency of groundwater drainage.
The functioning of the system, taking into account the climatic features of the area. From this point, the pipes of the annular drainage of the foundation are produced below the level of soil freezing characteristic of the region.

In addition to these, there are other additional requirements, for example, determined by sanitary regulations, which must also be taken into account when designing the system.

Ring drainage device

Annular drainage of the foundation is a system of buried perforated pipes (drains) laid along the perimeter of the protected building, as a rule, parallel to the foundation structures.

During its design and installation, it is necessary to provide:
Moving liquid along drains by gravity, which requires laying them with a slope of 2-5 mm per linear meter of the main.
Connecting the branches of the system in such a way as to eliminate the risk of blockages and provide for the possibility of cleaning pipes - as a rule, revision wells (sections of a vertical pipe covered with covers) are mounted at the places where drains turn.
A drainage line for discharging the liquid collected by the system into a drainage well, natural reservoirs, a sewer system collector or other special hydraulic structures.

How to build a ring drainage system at home

The construction of the annular drainage of the foundation should begin with the determination of the characteristics of the site. For the design, information will be needed on groundwater levels and their seasonal rise, the distribution of precipitation in the region, the nature and level of soil freezing, and the relief.

In addition, a scheme of the site and adjacent territories is required, indicating the location of neighboring sites, natural reservoirs and sources, sewers and other hydraulic structures (for example, drainage canals), roads and ditches, etc.
It is difficult to obtain all the necessary information on your own; you will have to contact the specialists of a land management organization or hydrogeologists.
Next, a project (plan) of the annular drainage system of the foundation is drawn up, indicating the places for laying pipes, installing wells, and highways for discharging the collected moisture.

Based on it, construction begins:

Tear off trenches to a depth corresponding to the estimated depth of the pipes of the drainage system of the house and the thickness of the pillow (the width of the trench is up to 0.5 m, for drainage efficiency and ease of installation, the slopes of the trenches must have an angle of at least 30 degrees).

In places where the direction of the pipes changes, wells are mounted (the height must correspond to the blind area).

A pillow is laid at the bottom of the trench - a layer of compacted sand and / or coarse gravel up to 15 cm thick.

The rock layer is covered with geotextile, with high water permeability, leaving wings on the slopes of the trenches.

A layer of drainage rocks (washed crushed stone, expanded clay, gravel) is laid on the geotextile, drains (PVC, polyethylene corrugated or metal perforated pipes) are laid.

Backfill the pipes with a layer of drainage material.

The structure is covered with geotextile wings and backfilled with sand or gravel and backfilled with soil.

Foundation Ring Drainage Cost

The costs for the construction of an annular foundation drainage consist of the cost of purchasing materials, the cost of excavation and installation work (if they are performed by contractors). When building an annular drainage around the house on your own, you will have to spend about 600-900 rubles per linear meter of construction. Additional costs will be required by the hydrogeological analysis of the site, the design of the system, etc.

Specialized construction organizations offer such services at a price of 1,000 to 3,000 rubles per linear meter (the cost of work increases especially significantly with increasing bookmark depth).

A particularly profitable option would be to conclude an agreement with an organization that can take on all types of work - from analysis and design to commissioning, such as Promstok. In this case, the fulfillment of all requirements, including those determined by federal and local legislation, and the high quality of materials and work are guaranteed.

There are several places in a private house that need to be protected from getting wet from the outside. This is the foundation and recessed buildings. Rainwater, all kinds of runoff and rising groundwater gradually destroy the monolithic foundations and walls of the basements. A properly equipped drainage system around the house can prevent the occurrence of this process. It is able to remove excess moisture from structures. Even a very good blind area cannot be compared in terms of the degree of protection of a house with a laid drainage system. It is highly recommended to equip such a system near each house, regardless of the presence of a basement or basement.

A high-quality drainage system around the house with your own hands can be made in several ways:

Features of different foundation drainage systems

The choice of a particular type of drainage depends on the presence of buried rooms, the depth of groundwater, the composition of the soil on the site and the relief of the site itself. Consider what features the drainage device around the house has.

In total, there are 3 types of drainage, which differ in their location and design:

Important: Please note that reservoir drainage does not replace other types of drainage, but only complements it. Therefore, in addition to it, the main drainage system should be carried out.

Please note that if you decide to do ring drainage around the house with your own hands, the system should be located 0.5 m below the foundation level. Such an arrangement will ensure high-quality removal of groundwater from the building at any time of the year.

And if you are thinking about that, then our separate material on this topic may be useful to you.

Drainage installation

Consider how to make a drainage system around the house in two ways.

Production of wall drainage

Before performing work, it is necessary to prepare the foundation, since the system will directly adjoin it.

For this, the following work is carried out:

1. The foundation from the outside is primed with a special bituminous primer.
2. Bituminous mastic is applied to the dried surface.
3. A reinforcing mesh with 2 x 2 mm cells is glued onto the mastic.
4. The next day, after the mastic has hardened, the second layer of mastic is again applied to the mesh.

In the photo, the drainage system around the house is a trench and manholes along the edges

• a collector well is mounted, to which drainage pipes will be connected. It is located at the lowest point on the site;
• using a laser or building level, the slope of the trench passing near the foundation is ensured towards the water collector;
• the bottom of the trenches is covered with a layer of sand of at least 5 cm;
• geotextiles are laid on the sand, the sides of which will subsequently be overlapped;
• a gravel backfill is created having a thickness of the order of 10 cm;
• prepared perforated pipes are laid on the gravel layer. They are provided with a slope of 2 degrees;
• pipes are joined by adapters and corner connectors;
• at the corners of the building, all pipelines enter the installed manholes;
• pipes are laid from the manholes, diverting water into a collection well or drain pit. These pipes are also located in trenches and have a slope;
• the pipes are backfilled with gravel (about 10 cm) and the entire contents are wrapped with geotextiles. By means of synthetic ropes, the geotextile is firmly fixed;
• further backfilling of the trenches to the level of the soil is carried out with sand or soddy soil.

We looked at how to make drainage around a wall-type foundation. Next, we will pay attention to the manufacture of trench drainage, which is even more popular.

Production of an annular drainage

For this type of work, you will also need perforated pipes, crushed stone, sand and geotextiles. When an annular drainage system is made around the house, the technology involves digging trenches at a distance of 5-8 m from the foundation of the building in order to exclude the possibility of subsidence of the soil around it. The trenches are located around the building and represent a closed system. The depth of the trenches should be such that the drainage passes below the level of the foundation by 50 cm.

A trench (or several trenches) is immediately carried out towards the main catchment well. The slope of the trenches is provided at least 2-3 cm per linear meter. The slope can be adjusted by adding sand in the right places.

• the bottom of the trenches is lined with a layer of sand, and then with geotextiles, the edges of which are wrapped around their walls;
• crushed stone is poured onto the geotextile with a layer of 10 cm;
• pipes with holes drilled in them are laid out on crushed stone. It is desirable to use a pipe diameter of at least 10 cm. It is advisable to pre-wrap all pipes with a layer of geotextile, which will prevent their clogging;

Tip: Ordinary PVC pipes used for sewerage are quite suitable. In them, you can drill holes of small diameter with a drill, placing them in a certain order.

• the slope of the pipes is checked, which must be at least 2 degrees;
• manholes are mounted at pipe bends, closed with removable covers. The same wells should be installed on long straight sections, with a step of 12 m;
• crushed stone or gravel is poured over the laid pipes with a layer of 20-30 cm;
• the entire “pie” inside the trenches is wrapped with overlapping geotextiles;
• the place remaining in the trenches is covered with river sand and covered with turf.

Features of drainage wells

Any drainage around a site or structure should be constructed using multiple manholes located at pipe bends. It is in these places that clogging of drainage pipes most often occurs. Through the manhole, you can control the cleanliness of the drains and clean them if necessary. Wells can be purchased or made from any material. They should be of such a width that it is convenient to clean them by lowering your hand there.

In addition to several manholes, at the lowest point of the site is located collector well designed to collect all the water flowing through the channels. This is a wider and more voluminous structure, which can be concrete, plastic or metal. Its depth is chosen in such a way that the pipes entering it are at a considerable distance from the bottom. This makes it possible to periodically clean the well from sediments accumulated at its bottom and allows the well to be filled with sewage. From the collector tank, water can be pumped out by a pump or go by gravity to designated places.

By creating a drainage system around the house in accordance with all the rules, you will get rid of the detrimental effect of excessive dampness affecting the foundation and recessed rooms of the house.