The inner space of the house is organized primarily by stationary partitions. About how to arrange them with the help of available materials and will be discussed in this article.

Stationary partitions are more often self-supporting, i.e. Those who carry only their own load. They rely on bearing overlaps (inter-storey, attic) or foundation. Such partitions make a number of requirements. They must withstand console loads, and therefore, have sufficient strength. Fastenings on which furniture or technique will be hung out due to the crushing in the hole. At each point of the wall mounting, the load can be supplied to 25 kg. For example, the screw carpent shovels with such a load will not cope with such a load.

In addition, partitions must be resistant to external mechanical influences: they can be hurt when carrying furniture and in a number of other everyday situations. But, at the same time, partitions should not be too massive, so as not to increase the load on the overlap or other bearing elements of the building.

In order to save a useful area, stationary partitions try to make as thinner as possible, but at the same time they should provide good sound insulation. For partitions between the rooms of apartments, according to the joint venture 51.13330.2011, "noise protection" (the edition of SNiP 23-03-2003), RW (sound insulation index) should be 52 dB. If the partitions are separated by rooms in which the temperature difference exceeds 10 ° C, then they must be insulated. The thermal insulation and sound insulation is achieved by similar ways, but it is necessary to understand that not every insulation effectively absorbs sound. In particular, foamed materials are much worse cope with the function of sound insulation than fibrous insulation.

An important indicator for partitions is their fire safety. Materials from which partitions are performed must have a limit of fire resistance of at least 0.25 hours. And, of course, these materials must be responsible for sanitary and hygienic standards, i.e. be environmental.

Ceramic brick is a traditional material for the construction of partitions. He gives them all the necessary properties: high strength, good sound insulation, fire safety and environmental friendliness. With competently selected fasteners, brick partitions are able to withstand significant console loads. They are indispensable when cladding such heavy finish coating, such as large-format plates of granite or marble.

In the cottages, brick partitions usually put the half-clip thickness (12 cm). The brick can be both full and slotted. It is important to know that, fencing the wet premises, you can use only a full-length brick. The laying of it will weigh about 250 kg / m², - this must be considered when calculating loads on the overlap.

The hollow brick is easier to be full, so it can be reduced by the load on the overlap. But it should be remembered that to fix on the wall from the hollow (slotted) brick mounted furniture or technique is not so simple. If you wish, you can perform curvilinear partitions with a brick. To do this, you need to buy the shaped bricks presented in the modern market in a wide range.

Regardless of the material, the partition is better installed directly to the overlap, i.e. Before it is a screed. Brick masonry lead on cement-sandy solution. The thickness of the seams is withstanding within 10-15 mm. If necessary, the masonry is strengthened with a metal reinforcement with a diameter of 4-6 mm, making it every 5-6 rows along the entire length of the masonry. Reinforcement can also be made by strips in a fine plaster grid. It is important to consolidate the ends of the reinforcement to the carrier walls of the building. The adjoining of the partition to the bearing walls are placed by mounting foam.

Performing jumpers above door openings in the brick partition, most often use typical reinforced concrete bars or metal fittings. Partition laying seams are made by recessed inside for 10-15 mm for better clutch with future plastering trim.

In addition to explicit advantages, brick partitions have disadvantages. This is, first of all, a large weight, which also increases with a layer of heavy plaster 15-50 mm. The thin layer plaster on the brickwork does not work out due to the fact that the surface of the masonry is not perfect. As a result, the cost of brick partitions also grows. They can be recommended in cases where it is necessary to achieve a high degree of sound insulation, as well as when the design strength is needed (including console). However, it should be borne in mind that the masonry will only be strong when it is bona fide. The quality of the masonry is also reflected on the sound insulation characteristics of the brick partition. It is desirable to join the partition and the adjacent wall to close the foam so that at both sides, at least 15 mm of the empty space on the filling of the plastering solution remains.

For partitions, aerated concrete blocks are density D500-D600 and a thickness of 100, 125, 150, 200 mm. The selection of the thickness of the partition depends mainly on the required sound insulation. But it matters the size of the partition. For example, from blocks of 100 mm thick can be erected by partitions up to 4.5 m long and the same height. If the design dimensions go beyond these frames, reinforcement is necessary.

With significant console loads, aerated concrete partitions should be made with a thickness of 150 mm. This will provide an admissible load on the anchor over 50 kg.

To implement non-standard solutions, aerated concrete partitions is one of the most convenient materials. In the market today there are arcuate aerated concrete blocks, in addition, a non-standard form can be given even to a standard block with a simple hacksaw. By the way, the ease of processing aerated concrete is its indisputable advantage. Strains for communications and wiring in a gas-concrete partition can be made without much effort.

When conducting masonry from aerated concrete, an ordinary building solution is used, but a special cement-sand-based adhesive. Small grade sand and modifying additives allow to maintain a thin masonry. The seam thickness usually lies within 1-3 mm, which is several times less than when conducting brickwork. True, thin seams are possible only if the products from aerated concrete are high quality and have accurate dimensions.

The undoubted advantages of aerated concrete partitions include their relatively light weight. So, with a thickness of blocks 125 mm, the weight of 1 m² of masonry will be about 75 kg (including seams).

The cost of aerated concrete partitions is lower than bricks. Moreover, due to not only the lower value of the material itself, but also a small amount of glue cement for masonry and a thin finishing layer of plaster (5-7 mm).

Aerated concrete has a high water absorption, so when erecting a partition, the first row of blocks is placed on hydro-coalition (for example, rubberoid). To compensate for the possible irregularities of the base, the lower row is placed on a 10-20 cm layer of the M100 cement solution. The mounting of the masonry with the bearing wall is performed by anchor plates of stainless steel. 1 m altitudes account for one ankener.

Between the partition and the ceiling, it is necessary to leave a compensation gap of 15-20 mm, which is filled with a non-rigid material (mounting foam, minvat, low density polystyrene, etc.). The compensation gap will prevent the cracking of the aerated concrete masonry when transmitting the load from the overlap as a result of its deflection.

Partitions from groove-comb blocks

Standard size of groove-comb gypsum blocks - 667 × 500 × 80/100 mm. For partitions, it is better to use thicker 100mm blocks. The laying is carried out on a gluite glue. The strength of the groove-cream blocks allows to cope with the partition erected from them, with an average cantilever load. We are placed such partitions necessarily materials on a plaster basis. However, if the partition is in a wet room (greenish blocks are used), the plaster must be cement. This is the main problem of gypsum blocks, since cement plaster has poor adhesion to the gypsum.

The disadvantages of gypsum partitions include their mediocre sound insulation properties. Such structures are poorly protected from structural noise, and also have the property to resonate during blows, especially with a large partition height.

Frame partitions

The device of this type of partitions is not associated with wet processes, with the exception of certain types of finishes. They are a metal or wooden frame, covered on both sides by plasterboard (or other sheet material) and concluded between them with sound insulation material.

Plasterboard partitions are assembled on a frame of metal profiles, which are encountered 50, 75 and 100 mm width. The distance between the racks depends on the width of the soundproofing plates, and most often is 600 mm. Such a step also provides docking sheets of plasterboard on the rack, since the standard width of the GLC is 1200 mm.

The inner space of the plasterboard partition must be filled with mineral wool, otherwise sound insulation will be absolutely absent. The best indicators will be achieved if there will be an air layer between plates of drywall and sound insulation material. The greatest sound insulation effect is achieved when the air clearance is located in the middle of the partition, and the two layers of sound insulation - close to the trim. In turn, the casing may consist of one, two and even three layers of plasterboard. The layers are more, the better sound insulation and the stronger partition. So, when weaving with two sheets of GCL (12.5 + 12.5 \u003d 25 mm), the cantilever load on the anchor can reach 40 kg. It is advisable to fix heavy items so that the anchor is attached to a metal rack.

Between the riding partition and the ceiling, it is necessary to leave a small compensation gap, which is compacted by rubber or polyurethane ribbons.