On this day, the Crimean offensive operation was completed in 1944. At the beginning of the war, the Germans needed 250 days to master the heroically defended Sevastopol. Our troops liberated the Crimea in just 35 days. The Krym Strategic Offensive Operation (April 8 - May 12, 1944) entered the story as one of the most important offensive operations of the Great Patriotic War. Its purpose was the liberation of the Crimean Peninsula. The operation of the troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front (commander of the army general F. I. Tolbukhin) and a separate seaside army (Army General A. I. Eremenko) in cooperation with the Black Sea Fleet (Admiral F. S. Oktyabrsky) and the Azov military flotilla (counter Pharmyral S. G. Gorshkov).

As a result of the Melitopol operation on September 26 - November 5, 1943 and the Kerch-Eltigen landing operation on October 31 - November 11, 1943, Soviet troops broke through the strengthening of the Turkish shaft at the Perekopsty, and seized the bridgeheads on the south coast of Sivas and on the Kerch Peninsula, but to free it at this time. Crimea did not succeed due to lack of forces. The 17th German army turned out to be blocked and, relying on deeply echelonized defensive positions, continued to hold the Crimea. In April 1944, it was 5 German and 7 Romanian divisions (about 200 thousand people, about 3,600 guns and mortars, over 200 tanks and assault guns, 150 aircraft).

Soviet troops numbered 30 rifle divisions, 2 marine infantry brigades, 2 fortified areas (only about 400 thousand people, about 6,000 guns and mortars, 559 tanks and self-propelled guns, 1250 aircraft).

On April 8, 1944, the troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front, with the support of aviation of the 8th Air Army and Aviation, the Black Sea Fleet transferred to the offensive, the 2nd Guards Army took possession of Armenian, and the 51st Army went to the flank of the enemy's reproduce group, which began a waste. On the night of April 11, a separate seaside army was transferred to the offensive, with the support of aviation of the 4th air army and aircraft of the Black Sea Fleet and in the morning of G. Kerch. The 19th Tank Corps introduced in the 51st Army strip, said Jiancoom, which forced the Kerch group of the enemy to start hasty departure at Z. Developing an offensive, the Soviet troops on April 15-16 came to Sevastopol.

From Memoirov Marshal A. M. Vasilevsky "The whole life":
If you look at the maternity cards 1855, 1920, 1942 and 1944, it is easy to see that in all four cases the defense of Sevastopol was built about the same. This is explained by the most important role that the natural factor played here: the location of the mountains, the availability of the sea, the nature of the area. And now the enemy clung to the points favorable from the point of view.
But on the first day of the assault on the Sevastopol fortified district, the enemy suffered a major defeat, was forced to leave the main defensive line and take the troops to the internal distribution. Eliminate defense on it and finally release Sevastopol - such was our task on May 9th. The struggle did not stop at night. Especially actively operated our bombarding aviation. We decided to resume the general attack at 8 am on May 9. From the commander of the 2nd Guards Zakharova, we demanded an day to eliminate the enemy on the northern side of the city and go to the coast of the Northern Bay throughout its length; Left balance body strike on the ship side and master it. The commander of the Primorsk army Melnik was ordered by night actions of the infantry to master the nameless height of the south-west of the Association No. 10 and provide commissioned by the 19th Tank Corps.
Exactly at 8 o'clock the 4th Ukrainian resumed the general assault of Sevastopol. Fights outside the city continued all day, and our troops came out to its endowed by the enemy a defensive line from the Streletskaya bay to the sea. The last strip of the Crimea was lying ahead, which still belonged to the fascists - from Omega to Cape Chersonese.
On the morning of May 10, the order of the Supreme Commander was followed: "Marshal of the Soviet Union Vasilevsky. Army General Tolbukhin. The troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front, with the support of massive blows of aviation and artillery, as a result of three-day offensive fights broke through a strongly fortified long-term defense of the Germans, consisting of three strips of reinforced concrete defensive structures, and a few hours ago, stormed the fortress and the most important naval base on Black Sea - the city of Sevastopol. Thus, the last focus of the resistance of the Germans in the Crimea and the Crimea is completely cleaned from the German fascist invaders. " Next, they were listed all distinguished in battles for Sevastopol troops, which were presented to the assignment of the name of Sevastopol and to awarding orders.
On May 10, the capital of the Motherland salutoval was the valiant troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front, who liberated Sevastopol. The following operations were achieved. Soviet troops broke through deeply echelonized defense at the Perekopsty, the Kerch Peninsula, in the Sevastopol region and defeated the 17th Westerhop of the Wehrmacht. Its losses only on land amounted to 100 thousand people, including over 61,580 people with prisoners. Soviet troops and fleet forces during the Crimean operation lost 17,754 people killed and 67,065 people were injured.

As a result of the Crimean operation, the last major enemy bridgehead, who threatened the rear of the front of the rear at the Right-Bank Ukraine, was liquidated. For five days, the main base of the Black Sea Fleet was released - Sevastopol and favorable conditions were created for further attack on the Balkans.

May 2, 1944. 1046th day of war

May 3, 1944. 1047th day of war

May 4, 1944. 1048th day of war

May 5, 1944. 1049th day of war

May 6, 1944. 1050th day of war

May 7, 1944. 1051th day of war

On the same day, the height of the sugar head was occupied, covered the entrance to the Inkerman Valley. The troops of the 2nd Guards Army, mastering after a four-hour battle of the Meknziev Messenziev, moved to the Northern Bay.

May 8, 1944. 1052th day of war

May 9, 1944. 1053th day of war

May 10, 1944. 1054th day of war

May 11, 1944. 1055th day of war

May 12, 1944. 1056th day of war

May 13, 1944. 1057th day of war

The Government of the Soviet Union, Great Britain and the United States on May 13 made a joint statement addressed to Satellites of Hitler's Germany - Hungary Romania, Bulgaria and Finland. The statement said the inevitability of the defeat of the fascist block was the inevitability and the requirements were put forward: to terminate the harmful cooperation with Germany, to join it and thereby closer to the end of the war, reduce the disasters of their countries, their responsibility for the criminal war.

May 14, 1944. 1058th day of war

May 15, 1944. 1059th day of war

May 16, 1944. 1060th day of war

May 17, 1944. 1061th day of war

May 18, 1944. 1062th day of war

On May 18, the Soviet government sent a note to the Government of Bulgaria about the continuing cooperation between Bulgaria with Germany.

May 19, 1944. 1063th day of war

May 20, 1944. 1064th day of war

May 21, 1944. 1065th day of war

May 22, 1944. 1066th day of war

The Soviet governments announced the recognition of Kraiova Rada, as a representation of the Polish people.

May 23, 1944. 1067th day of war

The rate of the Supreme Command. On May 22 and 23, at the rate of VGK, the plan was finally worked out.

On this day, the offensive operations of the Soviet troops were successfully completed with the aim of liberating the Crimea from the German troops during the Great Patriotic War.

Source: 1.bp.blogspot.com
The operation was carried out from April 8 to May 12, 1944 by the 4th Ukrainian Front and a separate seaside army in cooperation with the Black Sea Fleet and the Azov military flotilla. From the Soviet side, 470,000 people were involved, 5982 guns and mortars, 559 tanks and sau, 1250 aircraft. With German - about 200,000 people, about 3,600 guns and mortars, 215 tanks and assault guns, 148 aircraft.
April 8, at 8.00, artillery and aviation preparation began, a total duration of 2.5 hours. Immediately at its end of the troops of the front switched to the offensive, inflicting the main blow to the forces of the 51st army from the Sivash bridgehead. On the same day, the 2nd Guards Army, acting at the auxiliary direction, liberated Armenian.
Within three days, the troops of the 4th Ukrainian front, fierce battles and to the outcome of the day on April 10, broke through the defense of the enemy at the Perekop Isthmus and south of Siva. There was an opportunity to bring movable front connections to operational space - 19th Tank Corps. For the reconnaissance and organization of interaction with infantry to the supervisory code of the 63rd Rifle Corps of the 51st Army, the commander of the 19th Tank Corps General Lieutenant I. D. Vasilyev arrived. There, as a result of aviation raid, Vasilyev was seriously injured and his deputy Colonel I. A. Kispeys entered into command of the corps. Tank parts entered the breakthrough at the area of \u200b\u200bthe 51st army and rushed at Dzhankka.


April 11, the city was released. The rapid promotion of the 19th Tank Corps put the Kerch groupage of the enemy under the threat of the environment and forced the command of the enemy to start hasty departure to the West.
On the night of April 11, simultaneously with the 19th Tank Corps, a separate seaside army was transferred to the offensive, which, with the support of aviation of the 4th air army and the Black Sea Fleet by the morning of the Kerch trembled.
Developing an offensive, Soviet troops were released on April 13, Simferopol, Evpatoria and Saki, April 14 - Sudak and on April 15, Alushta, and on April 16 came to Sevastopol. Attempting to take the city from the move failed and the Soviet army began to prepare for the storm of the city.
It was advisable to unite all the land armies under one beginning, so on April 16, the seaside army was included in the 4th Ukrainian Front and its new commander became K. S. Melnik (A. I. Yerömenko was appointed commander of the 2nd Baltic Front). From April 16 to April 30, the Soviet troops have repeatedly made attempts to storm the city, but every time they achieved only private success. On May 3, General E. Yenek, who did not believe in the opportunity to successfully defend the city, was removed from office. The general assault on Sevastopol was appointed by the Soviet command on May 5. Having started it according to the plan, after four days of the hardest battles on May 9, the troops of the front freed the city.

On May 12, the remnants of the enemy troops at Cape Chersonese folded the weapon.
Historian Kurt Tippelskirm Events of the last days of battle describes as follows:
"The remains of three German divisions and a large number of scattered groups of German and Romanian soldiers fled to the Chersonese cavity, the approaches to which they were defended with the desperation of doomed, no per minute stopping hope that the court would be sent for them. However, their durability turned out to be useless. On May 10, they received a stunning news that the promised loading of ships was delayed for 24 hours. But the next day they were looking for a saving trial on the horizon. Heated on the narrow block of land, depressed by continuous air raids and exhausted by attacks a much superior enemy forces, German troops who lost all hope to get rid of this hell, could not stand it. Negotiations with the enemy about the surrender laid an end to the senseless sense of help. Russians, in their reports, we usually not observed any boundaries of believability, this time, perhaps, were right to determine the loss of the 17th Army killed and the prisoner in 100 thousand people and informing the huge number of captured military equipment. "

All the time during the operation, Crimean partisans were provided to the Soviet troops. Troops under the command of P. R. Yampolsky, F. I. Fedorenko, M. A. Macedonsky, V. S. Kuznetsova violated the communications of the enemy, arranged raids at the headquarters and columns of the Hitlerians, participated in the liberation of cities.


During the retreat 17 of the Wehrmacht army from the Crimea to Sevastopol on April 11, 1944, one of the detachments of the Crimean partisans captured the city of the Old Crimea. Thus, the road was cut down from Kerch by divisions of the 98 infantry division from the composition of the 5 Army Corps 17 of the Army. In the evening of the same day, one of the regiments of this division was released to the city, reinforced with tanks and assault guns. During the night battle, the Germans managed to capture one of the urban quarters (North Street, Polina Osipenko, Suul-Daria), who was in their hands 12 hours. During this time, German infantrymen destroyed all his population - 584 people. Since the conditions of the battle did not allow, as it was usually done, to drive the doomed in one place, the German infantrymen were performed methodically for the house at home, shooting all those who came across the eyes, regardless of gender and age.
The Crimean operation was completed with the full defeat of the 17th German army, only the irrevocable losses of which during the battles amounted to from 120 thousand people (of which 61 580 captives). To this number, you need to add significant losses of the enemy's troops during marine evacuation (during which the Romanian Black Sea Flotilla was actually destroyed, which lost 2/3 of the cash coating composition). In particular, by this time refers to the flooding of the assault aviation of German transport Tethyl and Tayya, which is included in the list of the largest victims of the sea catastrophe of all times (up to 8 thousand dead). Thus, the general irrevocable losses of German-Romanian troops are estimated at 140 thousand soldiers and officers.
Soviet troops and fleet forces during the Crimean operation lost 17,754 people killed and 67,065 people were injured.
As a result of the liberation of Crimea, the threat was removed the southern wing of the Soviet-German front, and the main naval base of the Black Sea Fleet - Sevastopol was returned. By beating the Crimea, the Soviet Union returned his full control over the Black Sea, which sharply shaken the position of Germany in Romania, Turkey, Bulgaria.
For heroism and skillful actions 160 compounds and parts were awarded the honorary names of the Evpatorian, Kerch, Perekopsky, Sevastopol, Sivash, Simferopol, Feodosian and Yalta. 56 compounds, parts and ships are awarded orders. 238 Warriors were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, thousands of participants in battles behind the Crimea were awarded orders and medals.

Commander

Forces side

Crimean offensive operation - Liberation of the Crimean Peninsula from the Nazi Troops in 1944. As a result of success in the battle for the Dnieper, important bridgeheads were captured on the shore of Sivash and in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Kerch Strait, the land blockade began. The highest German military command ordered to protect the Crimea to the last, but despite the desperate enemy resistance, the Soviet troops managed to master the peninsula. The restoration of Sevastopol as the main naval base of the Black Sea Fleet sharply changed the balance of power in the region.

general information

In early November 1943, the troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front cut off the 17th German army in the Crimea, depriving the land with the rest of the Army Group "A". Before the Soviet fleet, the task was to intensify the actions on the violation of the enemy's marine communications. At the time of the start of operation, the main base of the Black Sea Fleet was the ports of the Caucasus.

Map of fighting

Face Plans and Force

The protection of maritime transport between the ports of Romania and Sevastopol was for the German and Romanian fleets of paramount importance. By the end of 1943, the German group included in its composition:

• auxiliary cruiser
• 4 Escaded Mission
• 3 Mortgies
• 4 min mine bar
• 3 Kannel boats
• 28 torpedo boats
• 14 submarines

more than 100 artillery and landing barges and other small ships. For the transport of troops and cargo (by March 1944), 18 large transport ships, several tankers, 100 self-propelled landing barges and many small vessels with displacement over 74 thousand BRT.

In the context of the overall superiority of the Soviet fleet, the rate of the Supreme Commander hoped to the ambulance evacuation of enemy troops. The Black Sea Fleet, who commander was the Vice-Admiral L. A. Vladimirsky (from March 28, 1944 - Vice-Admiral F. S. Oktyabrsky), November 4, 1943 was given an indication in a timely manner to detect the evacuation and use against transport and floating funds all bombardment and torpedo-axis aviation.

By mid-December, the Soviet command became clear that the enemy did not intend to evacuate the troops from the Crimean Peninsula. Taking into account this, the tasks of the Black Sea Fleet are clarified: systematically disrupt the enemy communications, strengthen the supply of a separate seaside army.
By this time, the battle composition of the Black Sea Fleet included:

• 1 linear ship
• 4 cruisers
• 6 Squaded Mission
• 29 submarines
• 22 watchdog and trash
• 3 Kannel boats
• 2 minutes of mine bar
• 60 torpedo boats
• 98 guard boats and small hunters
• 97 boats - travelers
• 642 aircraft (including 109 torpedoes, bombers and 110 attack aircraft)

Martialctions

From January to the end of April 1944, fleet aviation conducted about 70 successful attacks on the courts. Several attacks on convoy made submarines and torpedo boats. Fleet's actions seriously violated enemy carriage in Crimea. The Soviet fleet has attacked the ports of Constanta and Sulina, mines were put on the raids.

While the front line in Ukraine moved to the West, the position of the German fascist troops in Crimea became worse and worse. The liberation of the district of Nikolaev, Odessa, in which the Black Sea Fleet took an active part, made it possible to relocate some of the strength there. The bid of the Supreme Commander March 31, the Special Directive approved the procedure for the subordination of Fleets and setting them tasks. The Black Sea Fleet was derived from the operational subordination of the fronts and was now submitted directly to the People's Commissariat of the Navy. By developing a plan for the liberation of the Crimea, the rate refused to use the sea assault. The enemy organized a powerful defense on the peninsula: I installed 21 coastal artillery battery, 50 new mine barrage, artillery-azhenitic systems and other means.

From April 8 to May 12, the Black Sea Fleet conducted an operation to violate the enemy's maritime communications between the Crimean Peninsula and the ports of Romania. It was necessary for: First of all, preventing the increase in the grouping of enemy troops in the Crimea, in the second - disruption of the evacuation of the defeated 17th German army. The goals of the operation were achieved by close interaction of submarines, torpedo boats and aviation. To destroy vessels from the ports of the Crimea, a torpedo boat was used in the coastal zone. Divided from the bases off the coast of Romanian, the fight against the convoys was led by submarines. At the end of April - the first days of May, the use of torpedo boats and aviation was hampered by difficult weather conditions, as a result of this, the opponent until recently continued evacuation. During this period, 102 different vessels were surfed and more than 60 were damaged.

Successfully operated aviation and torpedo boats in the days before the assault of Sevastopol, and during the battle of the city. Former headquarters of the headquarters of the German naval forces on the Black Sea of \u200b\u200bthe city of Konradi: "On the night of May 11, a panic began on the piernes. The places on the courts were taken with the fight. Courts bought off, without finishing loading, since otherwise they could sink" . The enemy convoy went on the latter to the cassonus cassonus as part of Totila, Teja and several landing barges. Having accepted to 9 thousand people, the courts with dawn took a course to Constanta. But the aviation soon soles Totila, teja with a strong guard with a full course went to the south-west. Around noon, Torpeda fell into the ship and it sank. From both transports, claims condes, survived about 400 people (about 8,000 died).

Simultaneously with active actions on enemy communications, the Black Sea Fleet solved the task of its own protection. Soviet ships still threatened submarines, to combat which the plan was developed and successfully implemented:

• Aviation applied strikes based on submarines in Constance
• In the middle of the sea, the aircraft conducted the search for boats on the way of their following to the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus
• Separate sections of coastal communications covered mine bours
• Ships and aircraft guarded vehicles on the move

As a result of communication between the Soviet ports, no one day was interrupted.

After the liberation of the Crimea and the northern coast of the Black Sea, new challenges stood up to Odessa before the fleet:

• violation of communications and the destruction of enemy vehicles,
• creating a threat to the coast of the enemy
• unscomgnancy use of the Danube as a defensive means

RESULTS

The rapid offensive of the Soviet Ground Forces and the active actions of the Black Sea Fleet were broken by the intentions of the German-fascist command to systematically carry out the evacuation of troops in the Crimea. A surprise for the enemy was the rapid introduction of reactive installations in the Navy. Their development, as well as the established interaction between boats with reactive weapons and conventional torpedo boats led to an increase in the effectiveness of the fleet action. Large losses in evacuation, especially at the last stage, made a hard impression on the enemy. For the resulting their catastrophe, the army leadership was charged with the Sea Command, and the latter referred to the fact that impossible tasks were delivered before the fleet.

Effects

The USSR Navy in the period from January to May months decided to the sea of \u200b\u200btheaters important combat missions to promote land forces in the offensive, breaking the supply and evacuation blocked from sushi enemy troops. The growth of the Soviet economy was crucial to fulfill the tasks of the tasks, which allowed to increase the strength of fleets, to improve arms. The German command was sought by anything to keep the seaside bridgeheads, allocating a significant amount of marine forces and aviation for this. The active actions of Soviet fleets played their role in the breakdown of these attempts by the enemy and in general, the defensive strategy of the military command of the enemy.

After the liberation of the Crimea and such large databases, like Nikolaev and Odessa, the situation on the Black Sea radically changed. Now the fleet's combat forces were able to support the military actions of the Soviet troops on the liberation of Romania.

Gallery

Literature

• Grechko, A.A.; Arbatov, G.A.; Ustinov, D.F. and etc. History of World War II. 1939-1945 in 12 volumes. - M.: Milivodat, 1973 - 1982. - 6100 p.