Recently, small business in the agricultural sector has been developing rapidly. The main reason for this is undoubtedly the support of the state in the form of subsidies, simplified taxes and other benefits.

One of the most popular types of entrepreneurial activity in animal husbandry is the breeding of goats, which brings a very considerable profit without high costs for keeping and feeding the animals.

This business can be organized practically from scratch by developing a competent business plan and in-depth study of the specifics of this market.

There are about 60 different breeds of goats. In Russia, the more popular Russian local and dairy Saanen breed of goats. Alpine, Nubian and British Toggenburg breeds, which have a violent disposition, are also widespread.

When developing a business plan for breeding goats, the following main aspects should be considered:

• raising goats for milk with its further sale;
• breeding of pedigree, highly productive kids and their implementation.

A rough work plan for setting up a goat breeding business

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Organizational and legal plan of goat breeding business

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Goat business production plan

Purchase of premises and the necessary equipment. In the villages and towns there are many old, abandoned buildings (cowsheds, stables, etc.). It will be convenient and profitable to convert them into a farm for breeding goats. You can also rent the nearby land for sowing perennial grasses and walking animals.

Farm arrangement. The interior of the room should be warm and dry. It is recommended to organize your own boiler room, sewerage, water supply. It is necessary to equip a milk processing workshop and feed storage facilities.

The building should consist of several departments: a room for keeping young animals, milking goats, a maternity ward. It should be borne in mind that each animal must have at least 4 square meters. m area. On the floor, it is necessary to have a litter of dry hay or straw. In each department, you need to make feeders and pens for animals. It is preferable to keep goats in stalls, without a leash, free-range.

Goat farm equipment. An important condition is the purchase of an animal milking machine.

It is possible to convert a conventional cow milking machine (ADM-8), taking into account that goats only need two suction cups per udder. There is also a foreign milking technique called DeLaval, but it is quite expensive. You will also need to purchase a tractor for distributing feed.

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Animal feeding plan

The diet of goats includes: hay, green grass, concentrates, silage fodder. It is recommended to water the animals up to 2 times on normal days and up to 3 times in the hot season.

In winter, the main food is hay. You can feed the animals with "brooms", in other words, bunches of young juicy branches of various trees harvested from the summer.

Goats are very fond of Jerusalem artichoke, corn, beets. Chalk and table salt are also given as vitamins (10-15 g daily for each animal).

The diet of pregnant goats should contain mineral supplements and concentrated feed (beans, grain). It is recommended to give only warm water.

On average, one adult animal can eat from 1.5 to 2.5 kg of hay per day. For the winter period, when breeding goats, it is necessary to prepare about 400 kg of dry hay.

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Farm goat conditions plan

Feeding and milking of animals should be done according to a specific schedule, at specific times, in order to avoid stress in the goats and reduce milk yield.

Treatment and prevention of various diseases when breeding goats should be carried out by an experienced specialist (veterinarian).

The room where animals live must be processed and all departments must be cleaned in a timely manner.

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Products from the goat breeding business, implementation plan

Milk and dairy products. Important benefits of goat milk:

• it contains immunoglobulin, which is used in the treatment and prevention of various severe forms of lung diseases (bronchitis, tuberculosis, asthma);
• goat milk contains a lot of calcium, protein, fats and vitamins;
• the best non-allergenic breast milk substitute for newborns;
• removes radionuclides from the human body.

The quality and quantity of milk obtained from goats directly depends on their breed and physiological characteristics. For example, ordinary Russian species of animals give on average about 2 liters of milk per day, and the milk yield of the Zaanen breed reaches 6 liters per day. It should be taken into account that after 2-3 years of a goat's life, its milk yield increases.

The main dairy products made from goat milk are cheese, cottage cheese, cream and butter.

Young animals. Keeping and breeding goats each year brings additional revenue in the form of kids. Young animals are used both for expanding the herd and for marketing in live weight or as meat.

Goat down. It is used to insulate blankets, clothes, carpets. Warm sheepskin coats are made from goat skins.

You can sell the products obtained by breeding goats both independently and through third-party organizations. If you organize your own production of fermented milk products from goat milk, then the advantage here will be the possibility of personal control of the quality of the products sold. With a lack of experience in such matters, you can simply sell milk to small businesses, having previously concluded a standard contract with them.

Many people think that raising goats as a business is not very profitable. After all, you can get much less milk from a goat than from a cow. But few people know that goats are also valued for their meat and excellent down, which can also be used to make a profit.

Business specifics

Despite the fact that a goat gives 2-6 liters of milk per day, goat breeding as a dairy business is very profitable. Goat's milk is considered much healthier than cow's milk. In addition, it is recommended as a substitute for breastfeeding babies, for removing radionuclides, and so on. Therefore, it costs much more than a cow.

A good income is brought not only by the sale of goat milk, but also by young animals for divorce. First of all, those who are planning to start a goat business. The breeding of this cattle for meat is considered a little less profitable, since it has specific taste qualities.

Another line of business is the sale of goat down. From it, thin but strong threads are obtained that are able to retain heat well. Therefore, the demand for down is very high.

How to register a business

First of all, a goat farm business plan involves the registration of a business. It is best to register as an individual entrepreneur and get a certificate from the OGRN. OKVED is chosen as follows: breeding goats, sale of dairy products. After that, you need to submit a request to the local administration for the lease or purchase of land for a farm and pasture. Then you need to get a registration certificate for the construction of a farm building and a cadastral number for the land. When the farm is erected, you need to take care of permission from Rospotrebnadzor to operate.

In addition to these papers, a permit from the fire inspectorate, as well as the environmental service, will be required. After all these permits, the ownership of the land and farm can be registered. The easiest way is to leave the solution of all formal issues to a competent lawyer.

We equip the farm

Today, you can open a farm with the least investment if you rent and re-equip an old cowshed or stables, of which there are many in the countryside. It is also more profitable to rent land for pastures.

The room where the animals will be kept must be heated, ventilated, have an optimal level of humidity, sewerage, water supply. Goats love warmth. Therefore, it is better to equip your own boiler room on the farm. Also, make sure that there are no drafts in the room. The floor should be covered with straw and replaced regularly. Goats are very clean animals.

The premises intended for keeping goats should have the following areas:

• for young animals;
• for adult milking goats;
• for pregnant goats;
• for the goat producer.

The area of ​​the room is allocated at the rate of 4 sq. m. per individual. It must be equipped with feeders and drinkers. Goats are usually kept untied.

Separately on the farm, it is necessary to provide a room for storing feed and separately for processing dairy products. To improve milk production, it is important to provide animals with free range.

Equipment

As a rule, the main activity of the farm is milk production. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to purchase milking machines according to the number of milking goats. This equipment is not cheap. Therefore, in order to save money, you can purchase cow apparatus, given that only two suction cups are needed for a goat, and not four.

Choosing a breed

The range of prices for animals of various breeds is quite large. Therefore, first you need to decide on the budget, and already based on it, decide what breed of goats to buy. The most popular are the breeds:

• tenburg;
• zaanen;
• Russian;
• gorkovskaya.

They are easiest to breed at home. It is better to buy animals from specialized farms that will provide all the necessary documentation: breed confirmation, vaccinations, etc.

Western breeds	Milk yield in 305 days, l	Per day, on average, l	Fat,%	Proteins,%	Fat + Protein,	Fat + Protein,	Lactation, month (day)	Weight goats, Kg	Litter,%
Saanen	1121	3,67	3,3	2,9	6,1	69,5	11(330)	70	225
Alpine	1107	3,63	3,2	2,9	6,2	67,4	10,5(315)	80	220
Toggenburg	1045	3,43	3,0	2,7	5,7	59,6	10,5(315)	55	260
Lamancha	1013	3,32	3,9	3,1	7,0	71,0	11(330)	60	180
Oberhasli	1002	3,29	3,7	2,9	6,6	67,32	10,5(315)	55	180
Nubian	814	2,67	4,8	3,7	8,5	69,19	10,5(315)	45	280
Local breeds	I need for lactation	Per day, on average, l	Fat,%	Proteins,%	Fat + Protein,	Fat + Protein,	Lactation, month (day)	Weight goats, Kg	Litter,%
Russian white	500	2,2	4,2	3,2	7,4	37,0	7,5(225)	50	200
Gorkovskaya	450	1,6	4,0	3,1	7,1	32,0	9(270)	50	190
Megrelian low	325	1,5	3,7	3,0	6,7	21,8	7,5(225)	40	150
Megrelian mountain	225	1,4	3,7	3,1	6,8	15,5	5,5(165)	50	130

Animal diet

The diet of a goat, like a cow, is based on fresh grass during the warm season and hay during the cold season. In summer, the pasture must be divided into zones and the goats graze in them in turn, so that the grass has time to grow.

During the winter, one goat eats about 400 kg or up to 2 kg of hay per day. But in the diet of animals, it is imperative to include root crops, mineral supplements and concentrated feed. You need to water goats often. Cool water is given twice a day and warm water three times.

Service staff

Taking care of goats on your own is difficult. They need to be regularly fed, watered, walked, cleaned stalls, and monitored pasture. Therefore, it is necessary to hire several workers. In addition, workers will be needed to collect and process milk. At the initial stage, you can get by with 1-2 employees. You also need to hire or arrange for the farm to be serviced by a visiting veterinarian.

Business profitability

Let's calculate the costs for a small farm of three goats. If you have your own pasture, you can prepare hay for the winter and spend only on top dressing in the summer. They will take about 10 thousand rubles. Separate funds should be allocated for the purchase of kids - 10 thousand rubles. for one. If you managed to find a room for keeping, another 10 thousand rubles. it is necessary to allocate 5 thousand rubles for its repair. - for transportation costs. About 8 thousand rubles. well worth keeping in reserve for unforeseen expenses. In total, the starting price of the business is about 75 thousand rubles.

Farm profitability

Goats begin to milk at the age of about a year and 9 months. For a year from three goats, you can have 720 liters of milk, a liter of which costs 30-120 rubles. depending on the region of sale. That is, from at least three goats a year you can get 21.6 thousand rubles. Investments on them will pay off in three years.

However, it should be borne in mind that during this time the herd population will increase. Therefore, profit can be obtained from the sale of breeding offspring, meat. Therefore, the average profitability of a goat farm is about 20%, and it can pay off in two years. There is practically no competition in this area, but the demand for products, especially goat milk, is very high.

Goat milk contains biologically active substances that are not present in cow's milk. With the same degree of fat content of 4%, goat's milk, unlike cow's milk, is absorbed by humans by almost 100%. In addition, it can be stored at room temperature for three days.

The capacity of the goat milk market in Russia is 3 billion rubles.

Payback period - 13 months

Initial investment will be equal 5 000 000 rub.

The break-even point is reached at 2-3 month

Average monthly net profit - 450,000 rubles.

2. Description of the business, product or service

The herd is the backbone of a farm for breeding, keeping goats and obtaining milk.

1. It is planned to purchase 300-350 heads of Saanen, Nubian and Alpine goats. These are dairy breeds that quickly adapt to the Russian climate.
2. Breeding of a goat herd up to 500 heads. They will make up 70% of the design capacity of the farm.

The average rate of milk dispensing from one goat is 3 liters per day. The monthly volume of supplied milk, which meets the requirements of GOST 32940-2014 "Raw goat milk", will be 18000-22000 liters.

The wholesale price of goat milk is 80-90 rubles per 1 liter.

80% of the total milk volume will be supplied to processing companies. 20% of the farm's products will be supplied to the retail market.

The project provides for the creation of additional types of goat milk processing - a cheese dairy, a line for the production of yoghurts, and the production of milk whey. They can provide the farm with 20-30% additional income.

Strengths of the project:	Weaknesses of the project:
relatively constant demand for milk from private and corporate clients a wide range of sales and product supply channels quick adaptation to the changing dairy market an individual approach to customer requests for the range and volume of supplies of goat milk and its processing products	competition from the side of agricultural holdings poor quality staff work equipment breakdown epidemiological causes
Project opportunities:	Project threats:
increasing the number of goats, supplying kids of special breeding breeds of high quality work with state and municipal suppliers - consumers creation of related types of goat milk processing business	competition from agricultural holdings Increase in prices for compound feed Increase in rent, termination of the lease Decreased purchasing power and decreased demand for farm produce

3. Description of the sales market

1. The volume of production of goat milk in the country for 2018-2019. - 250 thousand tons. Since 2015, the market has been declining. But according to experts, the market has been growing by 2-3% annually since 2018.

2. According to the National Union of Milk Producers, the capacity of the Russian market for goat dairy products in monetary terms is 3.5 billion rubles.

4. Sales and Marketing

5. Production plan

1. Legal registration of the farm in the IP format by submitting an application to the local divisions of the Federal Tax Service.

• The registration period with the assignment of a TIN and entry into the USRIP is 3 working days
• An application for registration can be submitted through the "Gosuslugi" portal or the MFC
• Tax rate - 6%
• OKVED: 1.4 "Livestock", 01.45 "Breeding of sheep and goats"

Or register the farm as a peasant farm (KFH). Business in this form is similar to the form of individual entrepreneurship, but the status of a farm gives the right to receive subsidies that are provided by regional support programs for a domestic agricultural producer. The programs provide for direct subsidies, for example, payment of expenses for the purchase and transportation of pedigree livestock of goats from foreign farmers, as well as subsidizing the lending rate in commercial banks in Russia or compensation for interest rates under leasing agreements for the purchase of equipment for the farm.

List of required documents:

• local government decree on permission to build or organize a livestock farm

• permits from Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision (veterinary supervision) for the operation of premises, equipment for keeping a goat herd and obtaining a veterinary certificate
• a contract for the treatment and disposal of waste, a permit for the disposal of biological waste, approved by the local authorities of the Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision
• certification and certification of workplaces in the Labor Inspectorate.

The total amount for obtaining permits (including project documentation) and business registration will be a maximum of 300,000 rubles.

You should also draw up contracts for the supply of electricity, water supply.

Purchase and installation of equipment, preparation of the farm premises

It is envisaged to acquire a land plot with an area of ​​1.5 hectares on a long-term lease basis. On the site it is planned to build the main farm workshop, auxiliary premises, as well as the use of the site for walking the goat herd.

Premises

1. The farm premises must be insulated, capable of maintaining an average temperature within 18 ° C.

2. The room should have functional areas:

• room for adult goats
• room for pregnant goats
• room and pasture for young animals
• separator room, as well as a place for storing finished products
• utility room for staff with appropriate sanitary equipment

In addition to functional areas, there should be places for storing feed, small-scale mechanization equipment and a warehouse for inventory. A covered farm of 400-500 m² is required to accommodate a maximum of 300-500 goat herds.

3. The farm should be located in natural conditions and be located at a distance of 50-70 km from the city.

Equipment

The general list of equipment for the efficient operation of a goat farm is as follows:

1. Farm ventilation system

2. Drinking troughs

3. Block containers for keeping goats

4. Milking machine

5. Mini loader

6. Milk separator

7. Refrigerator for 500 l

8. Micro truck up to 3 tons

9. Tank for the preparation of drinking water

10. Fire alarm and equipment

11. Office equipment

12. Household equipment

A more complete detailing of the purchased and installed goat farm equipment depends on the specific conditions of the business project.

6. Organizational structure

Employees must have appropriate qualifications and experience in working with animals. For a farm with up to 500 goats, the following staff is provided:

Staff	Qty	Salary for 1 employee (rub.)	Salary Total (rub.)
Farm manager
Master Technologist
Changeable operator
Forwarding driver
Mechanical technician
Accounting (outsourcing)
Veterinarian (outsourcing)
General fund of salary rubles.

All except shift operators work according to standard work schedules.

Farm shift operators work 12 hours a day, 2 after 2.

The farm manager and foreman receive a "salary plus a fixed percentage of the farm's monthly earnings."

The rest of the employees receive a "salary plus bonus based on the results of work for 3, 6 and 9 months and payment based on the results of work for the year.

Agriculture for small businesses is a good way to earn money. Goat breeding as a business has been gaining popularity among both beginners and experienced farmers in recent years. This area of ​​activity allows you to fully return your investment within three years.

Goat business has a fast payback

Goat farming generates income through the sale of milk and meat. The relatively high profitability is due to several factors.

1. Goats are considered unpretentious animals.... They make low demands on the place of residence, feeding.
2. Small investment at the initial stage... To organize a business, in addition to the animals themselves, it is necessary to purchase (rent) a place for their residence (barn) and find an area for walking.
3. Availability of state support... The government is ready to finance a project in the field of agriculture and animal husbandry. State support is expressed in the provision of soft loans or non-repayable subsidies.
4. Relatively low competition... With the right approach to business organization, it will pay off within the first few years.
5. Virtually waste-free production.

An important prerequisite for raising livestock is initial planning. The farmer must decide on what exactly his income will be built (milk, meat, wool, manure).

The development of a business plan allows you to determine the level of profitability of this line of business at an early stage.

Why goat breeding?

A goat farm as a business is able to provide its owner with a constant source of income. Provided that the requirements for keeping and caring for livestock are met, it will give milk at a stable and sufficiently high level. In addition, this type of business provides ample opportunities for growth and expansion.

A goat farm not only generates a stable income for the owner, but almost always has the potential for expansion.

Goat meat is considered a valuable product, it has a number of positive qualities.

1. Diet product... The human body digests goat meat better than beef or pork.
2. High content of nutrients... Goat meat contains proteins, minerals, vitamins. Moreover, it contains relatively little cholesterol.

Goat's milk is hypoallergenic, so it is recommended for pregnant and lactating women. It is used to treat a number of conditions, including diseases of the lungs and stomach.

To increase the profitability of your business, it is important to budget for advertising costs at the planning stage. The relatively weak demand for goat products is explained by the low awareness of the population about the beneficial qualities of milk and meat.

Cheese and skins can also be a source of profit. Some farmers purposefully breed goats for these products.

Farm arrangement

In order for a goat business to generate income, it is necessary to draw up a project that includes several important aspects. Depending on the financial capabilities and the number of livestock, you can build an appropriate building or rent empty premises. The second option is preferable when the initial investment is small.

Risks and guarantees of a goat milk farm business plan

In the room for living goats you need:

• availability of heating and running water;
• ventilation system;
• low humidity.

A business plan for breeding goats should take into account that the farm should be divided into several zones to:

• animal habitation;
• milking;
• settlements of young animals;
• goats (it is recommended to keep them separately);
• maternity ward;
• goats going for slaughter;
• warehouse for storing forage crops during the cold season.

In the project of the future structure for keeping goats, an area of ​​4 sq. m. per individual.

Additionally, you need to know that in the course of organizing the farm, you will need to purchase feeders, drinkers, and warm bedding. These animals love freedom, so it is not recommended to tie them in the stall.

Goats prefer free range without a leash

Milking machines are on the list of mandatory equipment for a goat farm. At the initial stage of development of the economy, you can limit yourself only to them. It will be possible to reduce purchase costs by purchasing milking machines for cows.

Distribution of feed and collection of grass are carried out by mechanized technology.

Feeding rules

Goats eat during the year:

• fresh grass and hay;
• silo;
• special concentrates.

The diet of animals is supplemented with:

• young or dried corn;
• Jerusalem artichokes;
• sweet beets;
• table salt.

During the day, one individual consumes about two kilograms of hay, during the winter - at least 400 kg. Throughout the day, the goat needs to be given cold water 2 times and warm water 3 times.

Care

The feeding of the livestock is carried out strictly according to a certain schedule. Getting out of it is highly discouraged, as it causes stress in goats, which leads to a decrease in milk production.

Animals should be regularly shown to the veterinarian to avoid massive infection. Goats are also walked according to the schedule. They should not be kept permanently in the stall. This will negatively affect the health of livestock and, as a result, will lead to a decrease in the quality and quantity of milk and meat.

Goat care

Growing kids requires adherence to certain rules. After birth, they feed on their mother's milk. Therefore, they are placed in a separate stall, where milk is not carried out. Children should be applied to the udder no more than 30 times daily.

For the first 2-3 days, it is important to milk the milk. Otherwise, mastitis develops. 20 days after birth, the pups are gradually transferred to a standard diet. There are no more than 5 grams of chalk and salt per head per day.

A week after birth, the kids need regular walking. On pastures, they not only receive vitamins, but also learn from adults to eat grass.

Approximate calculations of profitability

The example below does not take into account the costs associated with the acquisition (lease) of premises and land. The exclusion of these parameters from the business plan is explained by the fact that the cost of these objects varies depending on the region of location.

To open a goat business you will need:

• 18,000 -20,000 rubles for the purchase of one kid;
• 10,000 rubles for vitamin and mineral supplements;
• 20,000 rubles for the renovation of the premises and transportation costs;
• 10,000 rubles for the construction of a warehouse for storing hay.

Taking into account unforeseen expenses, 75 thousand rubles will be required to open a small home farm. In total, at the first stage, expenses for opening a farm will amount to 250 thousand rubles, provided that 10 heads of cattle were purchased.

Also, when drawing up a business plan, you need to consider the following types of costs:

• remuneration of employees and deductions to insurance funds;
• communal payments;
• services of third-party organizations and persons (accountant, veterinarian);
• other expenses.

These costs are directly related to the number of employees working on the farm and the number of livestock. The above costs are fixed. The cost can be increased by:

• purchase of additional equipment and technology (refrigerator car, household tools, etc.);
• creating a stock of feed.

The goat farm generates income from the sale of milk, wool, skins and young animals

Goat breeding as a business starts to make a profit in about 2 years after the opening of the farm. The annual milk yield for each animal reaches about 720 liters. After the sale, the income will be 30 thousand rubles or more, depending on the sales market. As a result, it turns out that the business fully pays off in three years after opening.

If the farm is engaged only in the sale of milk and products from it, then the annual income will be approximately 320 thousand rubles. Subsequently, the amount of income can be increased through the sale of young animals, skins, and so on.

Taking these parameters into account makes it possible to achieve a relatively high profitability of commerce. The annual profitability of a goat farm is 18-20%. From the example it follows that this line of business is more profitable than many other types of entrepreneurial activity.

Sales of products

As the goat grows older, milk yield increases. At the same time, the quality of the milk obtained directly depends on the breed of the animal and the characteristics of feeding.

By breeding goats, you can make a profit by realizing:

• milk;
• meat;
• wool;
• cream;
• sour cream and other products;
• young kids.

The line of business determines the distribution channels. Earnings on young animals are provided by other farms. You can count on getting more income if you sell dairy products through:

• wholesale and retail outlets;
• supermarkets;
• specialized shops;
• Internet.

For a stable income from a dairy farm, it is necessary to conclude long-term contracts for the supply of products. Moreover, the ways of implementation should be "probed" at the stage of organizing the farm.

On average, the profitability of a goat breeding business is 20%.

Legal aspects

To open a farm for breeding goats, you must register a peasant farm (PFH) or an individual entrepreneur (IE). For this, a corresponding statement is written to the tax authority at the location of the business.

• breeding goats;
• sale of dairy products, meat, cheese;
• sale of young animals.

At the end of the registration procedure, a certificate from the PSRN is issued.

Next, an application is made to the local authorities for the purchase of a plot on which it is planned to build a farm and graze livestock. If necessary, land surveying and registration of the object is carried out.

Goat breeding is a low-budget business

At the end, an application is submitted to Rospotrebnadzor for a sanitary and epidemiological assessment. It is also necessary to obtain permission to do business from the fire and environmental authorities.

Registration costs are minimal. In relation to individual entrepreneurs and peasant farms, preferential taxation is provided, due to which, at the initial stage of development, it is possible to reduce annual costs. As the business grows, as well as if it is planned to work with large structures (commercial or government), a limited liability company or other legal entity should be registered with the tax authority.

Individual entrepreneurs and peasant farms are advantageous in that relatively low requirements are imposed on them in terms of the preparation of the necessary documentation. Legal entities to conduct business on goats will need to hire an accountant and other employees who will interact with the tax authorities.

In today's economic environment, most novice farmers prefer small livestock farms for breeding small ruminants. In the rating of popular investment projects with a small budget of up to 3 million rubles and a quick return on investment, mini goat farms are in the first leading positions. The successful start and development of a "goat startup" depends on competent business conduct, knowledge of the peculiarities of small ruminants and on the creation of the necessary conditions for keeping animals.

Mini goat farm: where to start

In the livestock industry, the abandonment of large-scale projects of the Soviet period and a detailed study of successful foreign experience in breeding small ruminants have made significant changes in the vast segment of dairy production. Goat mini farm as a business attracts many with its prospects, minimization of costs, the possibility of obtaining a stable source of income, as well as the prospect of development.

Thinking about creating their own mini-enterprise, novice goat farmers should first decide on the final product produced by their farm:

• Milk;
• Down and wool;
• Meat;
• Sale of kids.

Milk products

Delicious goat's milk is distinguished not only by excellent taste, but also belongs to healthy, and most importantly, dietary products.

note

The cost of one liter of milk reaches from 250 to 280 rubles, which allows, with small volumes of milk yield, to profit from the sale of this product.

If there is a sales market and a constant clientele, you can deal not only with milk production, but also think about your own line of processing dairy products into healthy cottage cheese, feta cheese and cheese.

Getting fluff and wool

For this purpose, a livestock of special downy goats is bred, the value of which lies in obtaining the final product in the form of down, wool and leather. But first, you need to decide on the sales market and the creation of a permanent customer base:

• Raw materials are successfully used in various factories, ateliers and workshops.
• Yarn and fibers are made from goat wool, which are used in the production of clothing and knitwear.
• The hide is an excellent raw material for leather jackets, bags and shoes.

Meat direction

The taste qualities of goat meat are inferior to the usual pork and beef, but it is high in proteins, minerals and vitamins, which makes it a useful dietary product for people with low immunity. Breeding goats just for meat is considered impractical and unpromising.

Growing kids for sale

This lucrative business is usually practiced in rural areas. A high level of profitability is achieved by eliminating the cost of purchasing expensive equipment for keeping adults and acquiring permits for finished dairy products.

note

As a rule, the market value of breeding kids is several times higher than the cost of raising young animals.

Usually, for starting a goat breeding business, the emphasis is on milk production. The basis for this optimistic forecast is the increased demand from urban residents for healthy organic dairy products produced in a home environment.

Mini goat farm project

Getting a useful product - milk, is the main business idea of ​​breeding small ruminants. Success and high profit margins depend on many factors. The main factor lies in the consolidation of efforts of passionate farmers and people who love animals.

For the successful breeding of goats and the creation of a highly productive herd, it is necessary to take care of high-quality feed, walking areas, good pastures and a good warm room for keeping livestock.

Goat mini farm consists of several components:

• Barn;
• Milking room;
• Shed for storing hay and feed;
• Walking paddock.

Stable for keeping animals

Its area is calculated taking into account the standards of maintenance: for one adult, it takes from 2 to 2.5 m2, for young animals - from 1.5 to 2 m2. Ideally, each goat has its own space.

The room must be warm, dry and protected from atmospheric precipitation.

Milking parlor

Milking is carried out in a separate room next to the place where animals are kept or in a specially fenced off clean corner of the barn itself. The main part of the milking parlor is the milking parlor, which is a low wooden platform with a convenient inclined ramp platform. Three sides of the machine are fenced with wooden blocks.

note

A goat for milking rises to the raised floor of the machine, pokes its head into the window with a feeder provided in the design. This configuration of the machine allows convenient milk delivery and calm behavior of the animal during milking.

Shed or barn for storing hay and compound feed

Senniki are located in close proximity to the premises for keeping livestock. In winter, hay and compound feed are the only source of nutrition for animals. The volume of the barn is determined based on the consumption of feed per goat per month.

Walking paddock

Goats are not stall animals; they need movement. Therefore, when leaving the barn, arrange a fenced enclosure, where the herd is released at any time of the year.

Next to the farm there is a pasture for grazing goats with an area of ​​1 hectare or more. The grazing area is selected from an approximate calculation of about 5 acres per individual.

Drawing up a business plan

An important part of any project is drawing up a business plan. With its help, you can identify possible risks of farming, analyze the sales market and draw a final conclusion about the profitability of breeding small ruminants.

The business plan for a mini goat farm takes into account the types of costs:

• Obtaining registration documents for doing business.
• Construction of premises for breeding goats or rent of an existing farm.
• The cost of purchasing the necessary equipment and technology.
• Purchase of young animals.
• Costs for hay and compound feed.
• Employee salaries.
• Transport and operating costs.
• Payment of utilities and taxes.
• Advertising for product promotion.
• A contingency item.

The labor costs of workers can be significantly reduced by involving the farmer's family members in servicing the mini-farm.

In practice, with a profitability level of 25-30%, a mini-goat farm for 10 heads of dairy breeds pays for itself in a period of 2 to 2.5 years.

Preparatory work

After drawing up a business plan, a novice farmer must decide whether he can build the necessary premises for keeping animals or is it better to rent existing buildings.

If the farmer has decided to build a new complex, it is recommended to use ready-made design developments. A typical project for a mini-farm for goats, developed in accordance with approved state building codes, allows you to rationally place buildings on a designated building site and select the necessary equipment.

The plan indicates the places for laying utilities and points of connection to the existing electrical networks and water pipelines.

Material selection

To build a mini-farm, you should give preference to natural natural building materials:

• metal
• wood
• concrete
• brick.

The use of plastic products and plastic materials is not recommended, as they can negatively affect the quality of milk.

The most optimal building material for the construction of a mini-farm is considered to be metal lightweight thin-walled structures of LSTK. The building, built using the fast assembly technology, reliably protects the livestock from dampness and drafts. It is easy to maintain cleanliness in rooms made of LSTK and LMK, the surface of the walls does not absorb foreign odors.

An important aspect is the possibility of expanding the building in a matter of days. So, with an increase in the number of animals, a small goat's rue from LSTK can be easily transformed into a goat farm for 50 heads.

Farm dimensions

The calculation of the required area of ​​the livestock mini-farm is made according to the approved indicators of the maximum permissible standard sizes for comfortable keeping per individual:

• For a dairy goat - not less than 1.2 m2.
• For one goat-producer - from 2 m2.
• Kids up to 1 year old - from 0.6 m2.
• Young growth from 1 to 1.5 years, the minimum rate is 0.9 m2.

The need to create separate pens for accommodating goats and goats of producers significantly affects the calculation of the area of ​​the goat's house.

Seat selection

Before starting to draw up a project for the construction of a goat farm, it is recommended to choose a building site correctly.

Among the main criteria for choosing a location are:

• Groundwater level. This indicator is of great importance in determining the lower elevation of the supporting structures of the foundation foundation.
• Possibility of laying water and electrical networks.
• Availability of free space for storage of building materials and equipment.
• Conditions for organizing a manure removal system.
• Absence in the immediate vicinity of polluted water bodies, garbage dumps and cattle burial grounds.
• The presence of nearby pastures for grazing animals.

The correct selection of a place for construction in advance provides a full range of conditions for the long-term operation of the constructed building and comfortable living of the livestock.

Construction step by step

After drawing up the project and calculating the construction costs, the most crucial moment comes - the construction of a goat farm. The advanced technology for assembling the building frame using thin-walled steel structures of the LSTC is carried out in several successive stages, which have their own characteristics.

Foundation

For frame structures assembled from unified steel thin-walled elements, it is not required to perform a deep foundation, which is typical for massive concrete or brick walls. Usually, a shallow strip or columnar foundation is arranged to support the metal frame. On problem soils, screw piles are used, the installation of which does not require special costs and time. The pile or columnar foundation is interconnected by metal or concrete horizontal grillages or foundation beams.

The type of foundation is determined taking into account the category of the foundation soil and the size of the structure.

Walls

The main purpose of the walls is to create a solid enclosing surface without cracks and protecting from snow, rain and cold wind. Drafts in the farmhouse have a detrimental effect on animals, they begin to hurt, which leads to a significant decrease in milk yield. Often, wood is used for wall cladding, which has a low thermal conductivity and which is an environmentally friendly natural material.

note

The frame building, erected from LSTK elements, is filled with ready-made sandwich panels that do not require additional external and internal finishing.

Such cladding of the building allows you to create comfortable conditions for keeping animals.

Roof

As an outer roof covering of the farm premises, the traditional building material, asbestos-cement corrugated sheets, is used. For the device of a slate roof, a rafter system is made of wooden beams or metal profiles.

The rafters are installed in increments of 0.6 to 1.0 meters and rest on a pre-laid strapping bar - Mauerlat. On top of the support rafters, a wooden lathing of boards is laid. Slate corrugated sheets are laid with a slight overlap and attached to the crate with slate nails.

The building of the goat house with a metal frame made of LSTK is covered with ordinary corrugated board. To exclude the appearance of condensation on the lower part of the metal roofing, a subroofing construction film is preliminarily laid along the crate, which serves as a vapor barrier.

Floors

Livestock houses usually have concrete floors with a slope for the disposal of slurry. However, the concrete floor is too cold for warm-blooded animals and therefore it is imperative to put a protective coating on top:

• Small wooden grates to prevent hypothermia in small ruminants and to facilitate manure removal
• Deep warm litter consisting of several layers of dry peat, straw and sawdust. As it gets dirty, a fresh layer of straw is poured in. Such a multi-layer structure retains heat well, but makes it much more difficult to clean the room. The litter is changed periodically.
• Removable straw mats. This is the most optimal type of protective concrete floor covering, which can be easily replaced as it gets dirty.

Any protective covering creates favorable conditions for the rest of small ruminants.

Window

The number of window openings in the room depends on the area of ​​the mini-farm. As a rule, windows are located on the south side of the building at a height of 1.50 from the floor level. Window openings are filled with metal-plastic blocks with opening sashes. In the warm season, fresh air flows through the open windows and additional ventilation of the interior is provided.

Doors

The mini goat farm is equipped with double-leaf swing door blocks, made of board panels or steel sheet. To protect the inhabitants of the farm from drafts, cold winds and winter cold, insulated door structures are used. Additionally, electric thermal curtains are installed on the doorways, excluding the ingress of cold air into the room.

Heating, ventilation, lighting

Heating

According to the sanitary and hygienic rules for keeping small ruminants, the temperature inside the premises should not fall below 8 degrees. A lower temperature reading has a negative effect on the health of livestock. Goat farms located in cold regions must be heated in winter.

The heat source can be:

• thermal converters
• electric oil heaters
• heating coal or wood stoves.

Ventilation

In a small goat farm with several heads, ventilation of the premises is carried out through open windows. For large livestock, it is necessary to provide for the installation of ventilation equipment that ensures constant air exchange in the room. Fresh air is necessary for animals to function normally.

Lighting

During daylight hours, window openings serve as a source of light on the farm. Average daylight hours for livestock are 10 to 12 hours. Therefore, it is necessary to provide artificial lighting in the premises. Particular attention should be paid to the illumination of the places where the kids are kept.

Internal arrangement

The type of internal equipment of a goat farm depends on the breed of animals, the region of location, climate, financial capabilities and the scale of the project. Different equipment is recommended for different breeds of goats:

• Stalls for individual groups of animals.
• Lying pads.
• Manual or automatic drinkers.
• Feeders for hay, root crops or compound feed.

Walking paddock

At the design stage of the farm, it is necessary to provide a place for walking the livestock. Goats are active animals and restriction in movement leads to a decrease in milk yield.

The organization of the paddock has its own nuances:

• The territory is fenced off with a fence at least 1.5 meters high.
• The area of ​​the pen is determined at the rate of 3m2 per adult.
• A covered canopy is placed in the corral for installation in the fresh air of drinkers and a nursery with hay.

If there are fruit trees or berry bushes growing next to the pen, it is recommended to separate them from curious goats with a metal net.

Building a goat farm requires a lot of preparation and planning. The goat's house, built according to the technology of fast construction with the use of LSTK and LMK elements, turns out to be convenient in maintenance for the farmer and excellent conditions for livestock. In order for the constructed farm to bring a stable income, it is recommended to entrust all the important stages of construction from drawing up a project to the construction of a turnkey complex to specialists - professionals. Our organization is successfully developing a project of any scale and implements it in the shortest possible time.

We build large goat houses - from 800 sq.m. The price is calculated individually and starts from 11 350 rubles. per sq.m.