Chestnut is a deciduous tree or shrub of a beech family. Prefers a warm climate, found in East Asia, Mediterranean, on the Atlantic coast of the United States, in the Balkans, in the southern parts of Russia and Ukraine. Recognized by European culture from the 16th century. The plant prefers a soft and moderate climate, well moisturized, weakness soils. Does not tolerate drought. Slightly, but can grow on shaded places. Used as a decorative tree, serving for landscaping and decorating parks, squares and alleys. It is a symbol of Ukraine.

Chestnut sowing noble

Kashtan sowing (Castanea Sativa), wears the name of the chestnut real, chestnut is noble, chestnut edible. Refers to the beech family, the genus Kashtan.

This is a large leaf fall tree, up to 35 m high. The diameter of the trunk reaches up to 2 m. It has a dark brown, longitudinally fascinated bark. Croon oval, egg-shaped, correct.

Leaves are long, oblong, lazent-shaped, separated along the edges, up to 25 cm long, up to 9 cm wide. Flowers are small male and female green earrings. Flowers in May-June.

The fruit is a nut in a barbed, a flat shell, which is bursting during ripening. Ripens in October. Sometimes there may be several nuts in the shell.

Grows in the south-east of Europe and in Asia Minor. In Russia, the chestnut is growing in Western Transcaucasia. Often meets in Dagestan, Crimea, Moldova and Ukraine. Motherland of Chestnut Sowing - Mediterranean. Trees give a thick punching, in good conditions can live up to 500 years. Plant moisture and light-cuply. Poor tolerate drought and harsh frosts. Multiplied with seeds and vegetative way. Grows fast enough. Chestnut sowing should be planted on fresh, well-moisturized, deep and leached soils. On loose and sandy soil develops slowly.

Walnut of chestnut sowing is a valuable food. It is crushed into flour, used in smoked, boiled, baked and fresh form, added to dishes, used in cooking. The nuts contain fiber, sugar, lemon, apple, lactic acid, proteins and carbohydrates. The yield of an adult on average is 100-200 kg. Chestnut sowing begins to be fron with 3-15 years. The main varieties of chestnut sowing: fine-grade, large-scale, Lyon, Neapolitan, Burus de Lilyak.

Australian chestnut

Australian Kashtan (Castanospermum Australe), Kashtanosmmum, or room chestnut is very interesting and unusual. In vivo growing in Australia on wet, fertile soils. It is often settled along the banks of rivers and streams. It needs bright lighting, but the leaves can be damaged from affecting them direct sunlight. The height of the tree reaches up to 30-40 m.

It blooms in spring bright orange or bright red large colors of 3-4 cm long. After flowering, fruits appear - pods, up to 20 cm long.

The fruit of the Australian Chestnut is poisonous. Another variety is a small church, reaching up to 3 m in a height, called indoor chestnut. A miniature plant is grown at home. The ideal place for him is the windows overlooking the west and east. A drainage light soil is used as a substrate for planting young individuals. For more adult trees fits dense soil. When landing, it should be remembered that the powerful root system of indoor chestnut will require space, so the pot must be large. The optimal temperature for the life of the tree is +18, + 25 ° C.

Red chestnut

Red chestnut is a decorative hybrid to 25 m in height, with evergreen leaves. Growing on well-lit plots. Permits temporary shading. The tree is quite demanding to grow conditions. Prefers to moderate wet, nutritious soils. Requires regular feeding in the form of mineral and organic fertilizers. In the heat is obligatory abundant watering and spraying the crown.

With the onset of winter, seedlings are covered with frost and wind with a dense cloth. Adult plant in special care does not need. During flowering, the tree looks very impressive. When stormy bloom begins, his crown decorates many bright red, large colors.

The flowers of red chestnuts are hair-like, collected in carious inflorescences up to 20 cm long. Blossom lasts from April to June. Tree is used in group and single landings for decoring garden sites and gardening of the city.

Guinean chestnut: varieties

Guinean chestnut or pachira (Pachira) - the genus of the trees of the subfamily bombing, the family of Malvs.

Rod has 24 types, three of them have edible fruits.

Refers to plants - desert leaves capable of stocking water at the bottom of the stem.

The moisture supply is created in the cavity between the bark and wood. In vivo, it reaches up to 20 m in height.

At home grows slowly. It grows up to 3.5 m. The diameter of the crown is 1.5 m.

Young individuals have one barrel, begin to branch, when they reach 2 m in height.

Falcup-complex leaves, bright green, on long stiffs. Flowers are large, narrow, long, up to 15 cm, white, collected in a panicle. At home, the plant blooms very rarely.

The fruit is oval, elongated olive-colored berry up to 25 cm long, contains edible seeds. The peculiarity of Guinean Chestnut is trunks intertwined with each other. At home, the dirt is grown as a single tree and a tree with several interlaced barrels. For this, young seedlings are planted in a pot and gradually intertwine trunks among themselves. To get an unusual, an exotic plant is required at least 3 years.

Guinean chestnut is quite whimsical in care. It needs good lighting, but the straight sun rays can damage the leaves, so growing it on the south side, the windows should be shaded. It is better to place a plant on the eastern and western side. With a lack of light, the tree is drawn up and loses its appeal.

In the summer, he is put on the street, choosing a place in such a way that the plant does not suffer from drafts, gusty wind, precipitation and direct sunlight. The tree cannot be put next to heating devices, you need to take care of drafts, otherwise it will get sick and die.

Watering is made with a soft, sparkling room temperature. Watering should be moderate. With excessive moisture of the soil, the plant boosts, with insufficient irrigation dry leaves dry.

Spraying is not required because the tree is fine tolerate dry air. The feeding is made in spring and summer, mineral fertilizers are suitable for this. To give a pahire of a decorative species in the spring, trimming of stretching shoots is necessary. Used to decorate premises and creating Bonsayev.

Japanese chestnut or gorgeous

A Japanese or chestnut chestnut (Castanea Crenata) refers to the chestnis genus, beech families. Fall tree or shrub, up to 15 m in height. Elliptical leaves, long, up to 16 cm, sharply, oblong, lanceal, dark green, on stiffs up to 12 mm long. Young shoots red-brown, pubescent, later naked. Plus with bare spines, diameter up to 5.5 cm. In each plus 3 fetus with a gray spot at a base, a diameter of 2-3 cm. The tree grows pretty quickly. Fruit starts for 3-4 years of life. Created to moisture soil and air. Frost resistant. Withstand temperatures up to - 20 ° C. In vivo, it grows in the mountain forests of Japan, China and Korea. Represents decorative value.

Used in group and single landings as a decorative and fruit tree. Not susceptible Japanese chestnut to pests and diseases. It has several decorative forms that differ in the shape of the crown and leaves.

The most common: weaving - with a disrupting crown and edible - with large fruits used in food in cheese and boiled form. Fruits contain starch, fats, proteins, sugar and ash. Cultivated in Japan more than 1000 years, during which time about 100 varieties with large, suitable, pleasant to the fruits are derived. Several varieties are derived in America.

Chinese chestnut

Chinese or chestnut chestnis (Castanea Mollissima) - refers to the genus Chestnut, beech family. It is found in the forests of China, Korea and Vietnam. Cultivated in Western Europe and North America. In Russia grows in the southern regions, in the North Caucasus. The deciduous tree with a height of up to 20 m. It has a wide, scattered crown. Young shoots whites, pubescent, old - brown.

The kidneys are small, pubescent, broad-shaped form. Oval leaves, oblong, up to 22 cm long, up to 7 cm wide. Fruit starts at 5-8 years. Flowers - male and female earrings. Young plus white-pubescent, silky, with siled spines. When ripening cracks.

Contains 2-3 fetus. The fruits contain fats, starch and proteins. Prefers light, sandy soils with a high content of humus. Sensitive to drought. Young individuals require regular and abundant irrigation. Adult plants in watering do not need, since their powerful roots as they grow up to the soil deeper.

The reproduction is made by seeds. Possible vaccinations. Fruit collection begins immediately after full ripening in order to avoid mold. After harvesting, they are placed in water, defective chestnuts pop up. Good dry. Store in a tightly closed container.

Chinese chestnut fruits are highly appreciated in cooking. Do not require special processing. They are fried and baked, having finished the peel. This is required so that the fruit does not explode from the moisture accumulated inside. When cooking, it is not necessary to cut it. Raw fruits are used in food combined with greenery, meat, dessert sauce, vegetable dishes. From chestnut make souffle, add it to pies, cupcakes and bread. After culinary processing, it remains dense.

Kashtan smooth

Chestnut smooth (AesculusGlabra) - view of horse chestnut, leaf fall tree up to 10 m high. Motherland - North America. The plant is distinguished by a wide crooked, elegant foliage and soft bugger fruits.

Fruits ripen in mid-September.

Blossom starts from 9 years. Lasts from May to June. Winter articles. Lightweight. Morious. Used in culture from 1809. Cultivated in the Botanical Gardens of Europe, Central Asia and North America.

Chestnut forestry

Forest Kashtan (Aesculus Sylvatica) is a view of horse chestnut, a large shrub or a small tree of the kind of horse chestnuts, concocamascular families. It reaches a height of up to 6 m. Prefers well-moist, fertile soil. Landing is better to produce in areas with partial darkening. In natural conditions grows in Georgia, in the states of verdress, Tennessee, Alabama.

Indian chestnut

Indian Chestnut (Aesculus Indica) is a view of the horse chestnut, a leaf fall tree up to 20 m high. Complex leaves, with wedge-shafts. White, pink flowers with yellow and red spots are collected in large inflorescences. Possess a pleasant aroma. Blossom starts in April, lasts until mid-May. Fruits spiny, fleshy. Motherland - Northern India.

Other varieties of chestnuts