Description

Drip irrigation was developed with the aim of increasing the amount of the crop while strictly conserving water resources. The use of this type of irrigation is common in areas with different climates. Drip irrigation is a method of watering exactly to the base of trees and plant roots, used to achieve the best results while conserving water as much as possible.

System drip irrigation It is used for irrigation of various plants in open spaces, in greenhouses, in garden and summer cottages, as well as in vegetable gardens. In addition, it is used for irrigation of vegetable and fruit plantings.

Drip irrigation they are used in cases where it is necessary to save water resources, point distribution of water in a particular area, as well as the regularity of irrigation.

The essence of the irrigation system is to install special hoses that distribute the water flow throughout the entire area to be irrigated. With this type of irrigation, the water reaches the deep roots of the plants, ensuring their healthy growth.

Drip irrigation is the organization of regular watering of plants by supplying a certain amount of water at a specially designated time.

An example diagram of a simple garden drip irrigation system

Drip irrigation (irrigation) installations are essential for the maintenance of gardens, parks, vegetable gardens and flower gardens that need special irrigation for healthy growth. Watering has this name due to the presence of special droppers in the system of this kind of watering. The water in them is under slight pressure, due to which a certain pressure appears, and the system regularly supplies the amount of water necessary for a particular plant. The advantages of a drip irrigation system are its small size and a logically built structure that allows you to maintain any green area in order (very often they use a drip irrigation system for greenhouses, because it is always warm water and the required amount and time in your greenhouse)

Drip irrigation system (irrigation)

Drip irrigation (or drip irrigation) Is the most efficient and economical way of watering gardens, vineyards, flower and ornamental plantings, vegetables in greenhouses and greenhouses. Drip irrigation lies in the fact that irrigation is provided due to the slow (drop by drop) and long-term supply of water to the root zone of plants and maintaining optimal humidity in it during the entire growing season.

Water is supplied through the pipeline system to the irrigation zone and through special water outlets - droppers fall under each plant or row of plants. Simultaneously with water, a fertilizer solution can be supplied to the soil.

Irrigation rates for drip irrigation are on average 25 - 45% lower compared to other irrigation methods. In some cases of using drip irrigation, water savings can reach 65 - 90%, since there is no water loss for deep filtration and surface discharge, and its costs for watering row spacings and transpiration of weeds are also excluded.

With such irrigation, the most favorable water-air and nutrient regimes of plants are maintained in the soil, thereby ensuring the development and productivity of, first of all, vegetable crops. Compared with conventional sprinkling, it rises by 20-60% or more.

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Droppers are usually placed on pipelines. Most often, droppers from plastic microtubes are used in drip irrigation hoses with different frequencies of their location. The use of this or that hose is associated with the water consumption for irrigation, the type of soil and the type of crops. In gardens, 3-4 drippers or a drip irrigation hose with a distance between built-in drippers of 20-40 cm are usually sufficient to supply water under one tree.

Drip irrigation system does not contain complex engineering solutions, so its installation is within the power of most summer residents.

For drip irrigation, there are several ways to supply water:

• With the help of micro-droppers, water is supplied in the form of individual drops or small streams. Suitable for greenhouses, small plants, bushes.
• With the help of micro-sprinklers, more water is transferred and, accordingly, a larger area is watered, compared to micro-droppers. Suitable for medium to large shrubs, hedges, small trees. When using multiple sources, large trees can be watered.
• With the help of sprinklers, which are sprayed and sprayed with water mist. These attachments are used for large open areas such as lawns, golf courses.

The basis of the drip irrigation system is a drip tube that must dose water equally along the entire length of the tube. In advance, we want to warn you against trying to make a drip pipe yourself, by drilling a simple garden hose or any other pipe. A tubing with conventional holes does not work as it should. holes that are closer to the source of water give a greater flow of water, and with distance from the source, the flow decreases. In addition to everything, the holes in one season manage to get clogged with mud and become overgrown with algae.

The factory-made drip tube has special inserts that retard the movement of water. These inserts are located at a distance of 20-30 cm, depending on the brand of the tube. You just have to lay a pipe along the trunks of the plants and bring water to it.

Drip irrigation systems are intended for watering trees, shrubs, individual flower beds and fruit and berry plants, for which sprinkler irrigation is either contraindicated or insufficient.

The considered methods of irrigation are used to one extent or another in the maintenance of plants in the improvement and landscaping of various territories. The choice of one of them is primarily a matter for the customer, as well as for a specialist designer on the basis of a feasibility study.

The benefits of drip irrigation.

Drip irrigation has many advantages over other types of irrigation. Drip irrigation significantly increases the efficiency of water use and improves the growth conditions of irrigated plants.

• 1. Accurate and localized water supply.
• Water is supplied to a limited volume of soil where the root system of the plant is located. Regulation of water consumption allows not only to significantly save energy and money spent on irrigation, but also to minimize the loss of nutrients in the root zone.
• 2. Minimization of losses from evaporation.
• Wetting a specific area can reduce evaporation loss of water. For those who use polycarbonate greenhouses, it becomes possible to directly influence the moisture and growing conditions of plants.
• 3. Elimination of water losses at the edges of the irrigation zone.
• Using drip irrigation, you do not have to worry about water flowing out of the irrigated area, as is the case with the use of sprinklers and hand irrigation. With the help of droppers, you can water an area of ​​any size, shape and relief.
• 4. Decrease in weediness.
• Limited soil moisture SIGNIFICANTLY reduces germination and weed development.
• 5. Maintaining air-water balance.
• With drip irrigation, more air is retained in the soil than with the surface method. This is due to the formation of a crust on the surface of the soil, which makes it difficult for air to penetrate the ground.
• 6. Simultaneous application of water and nutrients.
• Application of nutrients together with irrigation water allows them to be distributed over the entire area of ​​water distribution. This reduces the loss of fertilizers, improves the assimilation of substances and saves not only money, but also time for application and high-quality distribution of fertilizers.
• 7. Regulation of water and nutrients depending on the growing season.
• The use of Fertigation technology makes it possible to supply only the necessary amount of water and fertilizers at different periods of plant development. This allows you to significantly influence the quality and quantity of the crop.
• 8. Automation.
• Standard drip irrigation is semi-automatic, since it is necessary to fill the tank with water, wait until it heats up and then, by opening the valve, water the plants. But there is an opportunity to improve this system by creating automatic drip irrigation. On the remote control, indicate the time of filling the tank and the period and duration of watering.
• 9. Adaptability to any topographic conditions and different soils.
• Drip irrigation works well on steep slopes, shallow and compacted soils with low water penetration rates and sandy soils with low water retention capacity.
• 10. Irrigation does not interfere with other activities.
• Partial wetting of the soil surface does not affect other activities such as spraying, treating plant diseases, care and harvesting.
• 11. Distribution of water is possible in any weather.
• Drip irrigation can be used in windy conditions. The wind does not interfere with drip irrigation, unlike sprinkling.
• 12. Low energy requirements.
• Due to the low working pressure, the energy consumption of drip irrigation is significantly lower than that of other pressure irrigation technologies. For example, mechanical irrigation systems.
• 13. Reduction of fungal leaf diseases and various fruit diseases.
• Drip irrigation does not wet the top of the plant, which reduces fungal damage to leaves and fruits.
• 14. Avoids leaf burns.
• Water droplets that fall on the leaves are transformed into microlenses. It is very dangerous in sunny weather, as it can burn the leaves. When using drip irrigation, water is not sprayed and neither it nor the dissolved fertilizers contained in it gets on the leaves. Hence, there are no burns. Mitlayer points out the same.
• 15. Allows the use of more salty water.
• Frequent watering with micro-droppers allows you to use irrigation water with a high salt content and not worry about plant development and productivity. Frequent watering removes excess salts on the "shoulder" of the moistened soil volume.

Disadvantages of drip irrigation.

Due to the limited volume of moistened soil, narrow water passages in the emitters and a huge amount of necessary equipment, drip irrigation has some disadvantages.

1. Possibility of clogging of passages.

Narrow drip passages are prone to clogging with organic and chemical solids. Clogging can also occur by sucking particles and roots from the soil into the dropper itself. Tapes and hands are the most subject to clogging.