See common raspberry diseases with pictures and read about how to deal with them yourself:

Studying the anthracnose diseases of raspberries and the fight against them, let's start with the fact that their causative agent is a fungus Gloeosporium venetum Speg. (syn. Gl. necatorEll. et Ev., Sphaceloma necatorJenk.). Immediately after flowering, single grayish-white spots with a wide purple border appear on young shoots. The spots merge, darken, dry out, large longitudinal gray ulcers form. Necrotic tissue is covered with small cracks and exfoliates in separate areas. In autumn, the affected cara becomes light gray and large brown spots with a wide blurry edge are visible on it. On the affected shoots, leaves and side branches begin to dry out. Leaves and petioles are often affected. The spots on the leaves are small, grayish, with a purple border, located along the veins; spots on petioles are small, depressed. By autumn, sporulation of the fungus is formed in the affected tissue in the form of small black dots, from which neighboring shoots are re-infected. The disease is most pronounced in years with mild winters, sharp fluctuations in temperature and with an abundance of precipitation in the summer. The infection persists in the affected stems, affected plant debris and spreads mainly with planting material.

Look at the signs of this raspberry disease in the photo, which illustrates the very first manifestations:

Control measures. Continuing the description of the raspberry disease and methods of treatment, it is worth saying that it is important to use healthy planting material, compliance with all the requirements of agricultural cultivation. Pruning and removal of fruiting stems immediately after picking berries, thinning raspberry bushes, culling diseased shoots, collecting plant debris. Preventive spraying of bushes before the leaves bloom with 1% Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes (HOM, Abiga-Peak). With a strong manifestation of the disease, spraying is repeated after picking berries and pruning the fruiting stems.

Ulcerative spotting - a fungal disease of raspberry bushes

The causative agent of the disease of raspberry bushes is a fungus Coniothyrium wernsdorffiae Laub. (syn. C. fuckelii Sacc.) . On young shoots of raspberries and blackberries, brown, slightly depressed, elongated spots appear. If raspberry fungal diseases develop, they increase rapidly and at the same time brighten. On the surface of the necrotic tissue, numerous black dots of the fruiting bodies of the fungus are formed. In the middle of summer, the bark of the shoot cracks, softens, falls off, and a large longitudinal ulcer with raised edges opens under it. On the affected stems, the leaves and lateral fruit-bearing branches turn yellow and dry out. The fungus persists as a saprophyte on dead raspberry shoots, and with poor care, in thickened and grassy plantings, it begins to re-infect young shoots.

Control measures with ulcerative spotting

Didimella - fungal diseases of raspberry leaves (with photo)

Raspberry leaf diseases can affect from early spring to late autumn. Therefore, you need to check regularly. If traces of the presence of such a fungal disease of raspberries as didimella are visible, you must immediately begin the fight. The causative agent is a fungus Didymella applanata Sacc. In mid-June, small purple spots appear on young growing shoots of raspberries at the base of the stems and at the points of attachment of leaf petioles, which quickly grow up the stem, merge and ring the stem. The tissue of the spots gradually darkens, dries up and cracks.

Together with the bark, the wood of the stems is also affected, which is why the shoots break easily and dry out quickly. Buds do not develop on the affected stems, and spots often appear on the leaves in the form of large brown spots with a wide yellow border. The spots are usually triangular in shape and located along the edge of the leaf blade. Over time, sporulation appears in the form of black small pads on the affected bark of the stems, then numerous small fruiting bodies - pycnidia are formed. Biennial shoots affected by purple spotting dry out at the very beginning of the growing season, starting from the tops. The infection persists in the affected stems and in plant debris and spreads with planting material.

See how these raspberry leaf diseases manifest themselves in the photo, which illustrates the main classic signs of a fungal infection:

Control measures

After reviewing the description of the raspberry disease with photographs, you get the opportunity to start the timely treatment of your garden plantings:

Raspberry stem cancer.

The causative agent is a bacterium Pseudomonas rubi Hild. Granular swellings appear in the form of longitudinal ridge-like tumors on the stems in the lower and middle parts. Tumors are soft, white, 10-20 cm long, often ringing the stem. Over time, they harden, turn brown, dry out and collapse. The affected shoots crack, the leaves on them die off, the berries dry up. At high humidity, the growths rot, and the slimy, viscous mass of bacteria envelops the stems. The infection persists in the affected stems and plant debris. The infection spreads with infected planting material and through mechanical damage.

Control measures the same as against raspberry anthracnose.

Look at this raspberry disease in pictures, where the most characteristic signs of damage are shown:

Bacterial root cancer of raspberry.

The causative agent is a bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Sm. et Town.) Conn . On the roots, the root collar, the base of the stems, uneven tuberculate growths of various sizes are formed. At first they are soft and light, gradually darken and harden, and eventually rot. On own-rooted roses and wild roses, growths often appear directly on the stems and grow rapidly. In plants affected by bacterial cancer, a weak increase in shoots is noted, and the bushes gradually dry out.

Control measures. Use for planting healthy planting material. Culling and burning of dried plants with symptoms of bacterial cancer. In some cases, to preserve the variety, it is possible to trim single small growths on the roots during planting, followed by disinfection in a 1% solution of copper sulphate for 2-3 minutes. Plants with outgrowths in the area of ​​the root collar are discarded and destroyed.

Look at the manifestations of this raspberry disease in pictures and their treatment using simple and affordable chemistry:

The most dangerous fungal infections have already been described above. Now we will consider other fungal diseases of raspberries in pictures and the fight against them with the help of simple and effective means.

Raspberry rust.

The causative agent is a fungus Phragmidium rubiidaei (Pers.) Karst, (syn. Ph. imitans Arth.) . The first signs of the disease appear already at the end of May on young leaves and on non-lignified shoots. On the upper side of the leaves and on the bark of the shoots, rounded yellowish-orange, slightly convex spots appear. After 2-3 weeks, sporulation is formed on the underside of the leaves in the form of light orange bunches, the spores of which re-infect neighboring leaves and shoots. At the end of summer, a dark coating of winter spores of the fungus develops on the underside of the leaves - teliospores, which overwinter. Isolated sores appear on the shoots, which gradually merge into longitudinal cracks. Affected shoots die off, the leaves crumble prematurely.

Control measures. Same as against raspberry anthracnose.

Septoria, or white spotting, raspberries.

The causative agent is a fungus Septoria rubi (West.) Sacc. Numerous small brown spots appear on the leaves, which gradually lighten, but the brown border always remains. In the necrotic tissue of the spots, dotted fruiting bodies are formed - pycnidia, the tissue cracks and falls out. The spots on the stems are vague, mostly near the buds. The affected bark is covered with numerous small cracks and pycnidia are also formed in it. The affected leaves turn yellow and dry out, the shoots gradually die off. The infection persists in the affected stems and plant debris.

Control measures. Same as against raspberry anthracnose.

The causative agent is a fungus Phyllosticta fuscosonata Thum. The spots on the leaves are large, with a diameter of 0.5 to 1.2 cm, irregular in shape, dirty brown in color, surrounded by a red border. Alternating brown and dark gray colors are noticeable on their surface.

Control measures. Same as against raspberry anthracnose.

The causative agent is a fungus Macrophoma rubi Tehon. It causes drying of raspberry stems, brown drying spots appear on them without bordering. By autumn, large membranous, carbonaceous, irregularly shaped pycnidia are formed, breaking through from under the epidermis of the leaf. The bark gradually dies off, the shoots with leaves dry up. The infection persists in the affected stems of the bushes.

The causative agent is a fungus Cylindrosporium rubi Ell. et Morg. The spots on the leaves are large, 3-6 mm in diameter, angular, limited by veins, brown. On the necrotic tissue, sporulations are formed, first covered by the epidermis, then tearing it, light from the mass of spores. Affected leaves turn yellow and dry prematurely, which affects the maturation of shoot wood and reduce their frost resistance. The infection persists in the affected plant debris.

Measures, struggle. Same as against raspberry anthracnose.

Viral infections often affect not only the fruits, but also all other parts of the shrub. The following are the most common types of viruses with a description of their symptoms and control measures.

Raspberry mosaic.

Pathogens - a complex of raspberry mosaic viruses carried by aphids. A characteristic feature is a mosaic color in the form of scattered yellow and green blurry spots on the leaves.

With a strong manifestation, convex areas are formed, the leaf blades are slightly deformed. The disease is transmitted with planting material and aphids - raspberry leaf and raspberry-shoot. Plants affected by the mosaic lag behind in development, often stunted, freeze out in harsh winters.

Look at the manifestations of this disease of raspberries in the photo, which shows typical signs of damage:

Control measures. Use of healthy planting material, timely pruning and burning of affected shoots. Preventive spraying of bushes during the growth of leaves against aphids with Fufanon or Kemifos.

Yellow mesh raspberry.

The causative agent is a virus Raspberryvellownet virus. On the leaves along the small veins and adjacent tissues, reticulate chlorosis appears in the form of individual spots. Around the main veins, yellow-green areas are formed, expanding in a fan-like fashion. Chlorosis of the entire bush is observed, the growth and development of shoots stops abruptly, the bushes bear little fruit. The virus is transmitted by raspberry shoot aphids.

Control measures.

The causative agent is the raspberry ring spot virus. (Raspberry ringspot virus). Symptoms of the disease appear on the fruiting shoots of raspberries. The shoots are noticeably shortened, the leaves become dark green, wrinkled, hard, with curly curved edges. In autumn, the leaves become bronze in color, glassiness and necrosis of the veins appear. The flowers are highly modified, deformed, do not form fruits. The tops of young shoots dry out, the affected plants lag behind in growth, and the yield decreases. Often the berries are small, dry, sour, unsuitable for consumption. Depending on the variety, only chlorotic annular spots with clear edges may appear on the leaves. In some cases, the virus causes the formation of leaf-like outgrowths - enations on young leaves. The infection is transmitted with planting material and nematodes.

Control measures. Same as against raspberry mosaic.

Watch a variety of raspberry diseases and the fight against them in the video, which presents both typical signs of diseases and ways to treat them:

Garden raspberry favorably differs from its forest ancestor in yield, ripening period, size and taste of berries. However, the improvement of many traits in varietal raspberries is often accompanied by a decrease in resistance to diseases and pests.

What to do? Of course, do not give up, but do prevention and, if necessary, fight harmful insects and diseases in order to save the berry crop! And we will tell you the main ways to deal with the most common raspberry diseases.

Raspberry disease control measures

Of course, in all cases, preventing the disease is easier than treating it later. Therefore, when processing raspberries (as well as any other berry bushes) from pests and diseases, maximum attention should be paid to preventive measures - observing crop rotation, acquiring and planting obviously healthy seedlings, regular weed removal, timely watering and top dressing, removal of dry and withering shoots. Processing raspberries from possible or already identified diseases is also included in the list of necessary measures.

How to treat raspberries from late blight (root rot)

Raspberry root rot (phytophthora) is a fungal disease that actively develops on heavy soils without drainage. Roots in waterlogged soil begin to rot and cannot fully nourish the plant. Accordingly, the ground part turns yellow, fades, dries up.

Measures for the prevention and control of root rot (phytophthora) of raspberries:

• If the plant is already sick, dig it out, inspect the root system for the presence of brick-red plaque, if necessary, treat with a fungicide according to the instructions (Polyversum WP, Prestop, Paurin).

How to treat raspberries from root cancer

Root cancer is caused by bacteria that penetrate the plant tissue through mechanical damage. As a result, outgrowths-galls with a brown smooth coating are formed on the roots. Later they fuse together, crack and eventually pass to the root neck. The roots cease to fully absorb moisture and take nutrients from the soil. As a result, the aerial part of the plant turns yellow and withers, the shoots grow short, the berries become smaller and lose their taste. As the disease progresses, the plant may die.

Measures for the prevention and control of root cancer:

• Do not alkalize the soil unnecessarily, observe crop rotation.
• Before planting, shed the soil with a 1% solution of copper sulfate. In the same solution (100 g per 10 liters of water), soak the roots of seedlings before planting (5-10 minutes, then rinse with water).
• For small lesions, dig up and burn diseased plants.
• In case of serious damage, destroy diseased plants, change the location of the raspberry bush and do not plant cultivated plants in this area for at least 2-4 years.

How to process raspberries from gray rot

Raspberry gray mold is a common and rather dangerous fungal plant disease. It also affects raspberries, starting to appear at the time of flowering, although berries usually suffer to a greater extent. First, the affected area (more often these are young tender parts of the plant) is covered with gray "dust", then it degenerates into a fluffy coating - these are the sclerotia of the fungus. In the future, the disease passes into a new stage - the plant rots and dies. Spores can be carried by the wind to other plants and infect them. Gray rot is most active in years when, against the background of low temperatures, excess moisture is observed in the soil and air.

Measures for the prevention and control of gray mold:

• Observe crop rotation, do not thicken plantings, water moderately and loosen the soil after that.
• Timely remove and destroy the affected parts of the plant.
• Before the formation of fruits, it is permissible to treat the shrub with fungicides according to the instructions (for example, Fitosporin-M - 5 g of the powder is dissolved in 10 liters of water and the shrubs are sprayed 3-5 times per season with an interval of 7-10 days).

How to treat raspberries from verticillium wilt (wilt)

Verticillium wilt (Verticillium) is one of the most dangerous fungal diseases of raspberries that affects the whole plant. The causative agent penetrates into tissues through mechanical damage. As a result of its action, the tops of the shoots gradually begin to fade in plants, the leaves dry up (first the lower ones, and then higher along the trunk), gray spots appear on the bark, merging into stripes. Later, the bark cracks, and the shoots and roots completely dry out and die.

Measures for the prevention and control of verticillium wilt:

Raspberry chlorosis can be caused by various reasons, including depleted soils, its high acidity, poor drainage, etc. But we will talk about infectious vein chlorosis (Raspberry vein chlorosis) - a viral disease. Its main feature is the yellowing of the leaves, first of all along the veins, which then passes to the entire leaf blade. As a result, the leaves turn brown, the shoots stretch and thin, and the berries dry up without ripening. The plant weakens and dies.

Aphids and mites are active carriers of the chlorosis virus. Infection can also occur during the grafting of a diseased plant onto a healthy one, when the juice of diseased crops gets on a cut of healthy ones, when using an undisinfected tool.

Measures for the prevention and control of infectious chlorosis:

• Plant obviously healthy seedlings (preferably with increased resistance to this disease), purchased from trusted manufacturers. These are raspberry varieties: Kolkhoz Woman, Cornish Victoria, Russian Harvest and etc.
• Remove and burn damaged raspberry leaves and shoots in a timely manner.
• Do not forget to feed healthy plants (humus, peat and compost once every 2-3 years at the rate of 5-6 kg per 1 sq.m).

How to treat raspberries from rust

Raspberry rust (Phragniidium rubiidaei) is another fungal disease that is especially common in areas with high humidity. Its main feature is small rounded, slightly convex yellowish-orange pads on the upper side of the leaves, on their petioles and central veins, which appear in the warm season. Later, the pads burst and the spores disperse, spreading the disease throughout the garden. On annual shoots, gray ulcers with a reddish border are formed, which, as the disease develops, merge into lines and cracks - fungal spores that have prepared for wintering. The plant as a whole weakens and loses winter hardiness, the leaves turn yellow and dry, the yield drops sharply.

Rust prevention and control measures:

• Mulch berry bushes with manure (the microorganisms living in it destroy the spores of the fungus), regularly loosen the soil.
• Timely remove and burn the affected parts of the plant.
• Before bud break, affected bushes can be treated with a 3% solution of Bordeaux liquid, 2% potassium salt or 4% ammonium sulfate solution (400 g of the drug per 10 l of water).
• In case of severe damage several times during the season, use fungicides according to the instructions (Fitosporin, Hom, Topaz, Bayleton, Ordan, Oxychrome, etc.).

How to process raspberries from mosaic

Raspberry mosaic is a group of viral diseases that cause discolored spots and stripes on the leaves. With a strong defeat, convex areas appear on them, and the leaves become thinner and wither. If at the same time the weather is also unfavorable, you can completely lose the crop, and even the raspberry itself. The virus is actively spread by aphids and mites, and pathogens enter the plant through wounds left by pests or tools, as well as through root shoots.

Mosaic prevention and control measures:

• Acquire and plant obviously healthy seedlings from trusted manufacturers.
• Fight insect pests.
• Remove and burn diseased shoots and plants in time.
• Remove weeds in a timely manner and feed raspberries throughout the season with superphosphate, potassium salt, manure or rotted compost.

How to treat raspberries from curly

Leaf curl of raspberry is a fungal disease that can be easily overlooked by inexperienced growers. The stems of the affected plant become stocky, thickened and dense; the leaves wrinkle, shrink, a bronze tint appears on the underside; berries dry out, become sour. Without urgent action, the raspberry can completely die in a few years. Infection can also occur during the grafting of a diseased plant onto a healthy one, when the juice of diseased crops gets on a cut of healthy ones, when using an undisinfected tool. Aphids and mites are also carriers of the fungus.

Measures to prevent and combat frizziness:

• Acquire and plant obviously healthy seedlings from trusted manufacturers.
• Do not place a cultivated raspberry next to a wild one.
• Disinfect garden tools with a 1% potassium permanganate solution before pruning and other procedures.
• Fight insect pests (drugs according to the instructions: Fufanon, Karbofos, Kemifos, Iskra-M, Alatar, Inta Ts-M, Confidor Extra, Aktara, etc.).

How to treat raspberries from anthracnose

Raspberry anthracnose is a fungal disease that is most common in warm areas with high humidity. Outwardly, the defeat of the plant manifests itself in the form of purple spots on the shoots. At first they are small, then grow, become purplish-gray and pass to leaves and berries, which eventually dry out. The bark of the plant gradually turns gray, and the leaves die off.

Measures for the prevention and control of anthracnose:

• Acquire and plant obviously healthy seedlings from trusted manufacturers.
• Avoid thickening of plantings, overgrowing of the site with weeds, littering it with last year's plant residues.
• As a preventive measure in spring and early summer, spray raspberry bushes with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid or a 0.5% solution of copper oxychloride.
• In case of severe damage, treat with fungicides according to the instructions (Oksihom, Kuproksat, Alirin B).

How to treat raspberries from septoria (white spotting)

Septoria, or white spotting, is a fungal disease. It appears as spots on leaves and stems - round, first pale brown, and then whitish, bordered by a purple outline. Affected shoots, buds and leaves die off, raspberry bushes weaken and lose their ability to produce crops. The disease spreads especially intensively in wet weather.

Measures for the prevention and control of septoria:

• Plant obviously healthy seedlings (preferably with increased resistance to this disease), purchased from trusted manufacturers.
• Before bud break, spray raspberries and blackberries with Bordeaux liquid or a 0.5% solution of copper oxychloride.
• Use fungicides according to the instructions (for example, Fitosporin).
• Timely remove and burn damaged parts of the plant.

How to treat raspberries from didimelles (didimella)

Purple (purple) spotting, or didimellosis, is a fungal disease that affects all parts of the plant. First of all, the disease manifests itself on young (one-year-old) shoots, petioles and buds. Small brown or purple-brown spots appear on them. Over time, they grow, darken and ring the shoot. The bark cracks and peels off, and soon dark brown spots form on the leaves. Spores of the pathogen spread to other plants by wind, water, insects, through the soil and planting material.

Measures for the prevention and control of didimellosis:

• Acquire and plant obviously healthy seedlings from trusted manufacturers. Increased resistance to this disease was noted in raspberry varieties: Kuzmin's News, Scarlet Sails, shy girl, Bryansk, September, Chief, Julia, Brigantine and etc.
• Avoid thickening of plantings, overgrowing of the site with weeds, littering it with last year's plant residues.
• For prevention, treat raspberries before bud break with a 7% solution of urea (700 g of fertilizer per 10 liters of water);
• Provide plants on the site with a normal water regime (no stagnant water at the roots), if necessary, drain the soil.
• Fight insect pests (especially shoot gall midge - see below).
• Timely remove and burn the affected parts of plants.
• In case of severe infection, use fungicides according to the instructions (Fitolavin, Fundazol, Topaz).

Raspberry Pest Control Measures

Raspberry is a fairly unpretentious plant, so caring for it does not cause much trouble for gardeners. But, unfortunately, when it is grown in open ground and next to other horticultural crops, there is nowhere to escape from all sorts of harmful insects that can potentially reduce the expected yield or even threaten the death of plants. We learn together in time to process raspberries from dangerous pests.

Of course, in this case, as in the case with diseases, prevention should be at the forefront. It is important to observe the regime of watering and fertilizing raspberries, regularly thin out thickets, remove dead shoots, and clean the area from plant debris.

What insects harm raspberries?

Alas, not only you and I like to feast on raspberries, but also numerous garden pests that need to be "know by sight" in order to cope with the misfortune in a timely manner.

raspberry beetle

An adult insect feeds on flowers from early spring and damages shoots, while its larvae are capable of destroying almost all young tender parts of a plant. Without taking emergency measures against this insect, you can lose all the ovaries and harvest in principle.

This microscopic pest of raspberries is very dangerous, despite its size. Adult insects lay eggs inside the stem, and the larvae that emerge from them then begin to actively gnaw through passages inside the plant, literally destroying young shoots. You can notice their presence by the presence of galls under the bark.

This small gray insect lays its larvae in the axils of the leaves or at the top of the stems. The larvae begin to drill the insides of young shoots, they turn black and completely dry out over time. Thus, stem flies can destroy up to 80% of the entire raspberry!

raspberry mite

This insect hibernates right in the buds and leaves their shelters in early spring, starting to feed on the juices of the plant. They like to settle on the underside of young leaves, leading to their deformation and thinning.

spider mite

If the rules for watering plants are not followed (especially in dry weather), they are often affected by spider mites. The pest feeds on the juice of the leaves, as a result of which they are deformed and soon dry out. You can notice it by the presence of a thin cobweb on the underside of the leaves.

First of all, it harms the flower buds, where it lays its eggs, and the hatched larvae begin to feed on the tissues of the ovary. If the stalk is not gnawed and the flower does not fall off, the pest can later move on to the leaves of the plant.

Raspberry kidney moth

This motley "butterfly" actively affects the buds and shoots of raspberries. Or rather, not she herself, but her larvae and caterpillars, gnawing out the internal parts of the plant, which, of course, then die off.

How to deal with raspberry pests?

If your plants are sick, you can’t do without serious remedies. Time-tested "medicines" are at your service. Or maybe you still have time to get by with prevention? Stick to the scheme below - and your shrubs will remain unharmed.

If you do not risk working with strong chemicals right away or you think that milder remedies are more suitable for your raspberries at this stage of the disease, try folk recipes for treating berry bushes from pests like infusions of garlic, celandine, tobacco and onion peel.

Do not risk buying seedlings in unverified places, do not forget to follow preventive measures and regularly inspect raspberry bushes for pests and the first signs of disease, take timely treatment measures - and you will most likely get a wonderful harvest of fragrant berries.

Sweet and fragrant raspberries are loved by children and adults. But growing this shrub, gardeners often encounter diseases and pests, due to which a considerable part of the crop is lost, and in some cases the entire plant dies. What exactly threatens raspberries in our areas and how to protect them properly?

Raspberry diseases

Raspberries often suffer from various diseases. The reason for their appearance may be:

• mushrooms;
• bacteria;
• viruses and related mycoplasmas.

Fungal infections

Fungal infections are a real scourge of raspberry plantings. They easily enter its tissues through stomata, cuttings and epidermis, as well as through wounds and injuries. Fungal spores are very volatile and can be carried over long distances by wind, precipitation, insects, animals, and even humans. In addition, many of them are able to persist for a long time in the soil, plant debris and garden tools.

Before pruning raspberries, it is necessary to disinfect the garden tool so as not to transfer the disease

Anthracnose

Anthracnose is one of the most common raspberry diseases. Its causative agent is the fungus Gloeosporium venetum Speg, which infects all terrestrial parts of the plant.

Leaves are the first to suffer from anthracnose. Rounded spots with a gray center and purple edging appear along their veins. With the development of the disease, the spots merge, the leaves curl and dry.

Anthracnose develops especially quickly at high humidity.

Raspberry shoots also appear gray sores with purple edging. Their bark turns gray, cracks and becomes like a cork. Anthracnose spots ring fruit clusters, which subsequently dry out. The berries of the affected bushes are deformed, turn brown and mummify. On spots and ulcers, a large number of conidia (asexual spores) of the fungus are formed.

Conidia and mycelium of the fungus that causes anthracnose tolerate low temperatures well. They hibernate on the affected parts of the plant and begin active sporulation immediately after the onset of heat.

Didimella, or purple spotting

Purple spot is caused by the fungus Didymella applanata. It enters healthy plants through damage to the bark, which can occur both as a result of adverse weather conditions (severe frosts, sudden temperature changes in winter), and under the influence of insect pests (for example, stem gall midges).

The first signs of didimella appear in early summer. On young shoots, small light purple spots are formed, localized at the points of attachment of the petioles. Gradually, they spread upward, merging into sections up to 30 cm long, ringing the stem. The color of the spots changes to red-brown. In the center, they become discolored and covered with dark dots - pycnidia of the fungus, which secrete spores.

Didimella is easily recognizable by the purple spots on raspberry stems.

Leaves, cuttings and fruit twigs of raspberry bushes infected with didimella are covered with necrotic spots. Berries dry out still unripe. The kidneys are dying.

Purple spotting does not stop its activity after the end of summer. In autumn and relatively warm winter, the fungus continues its development, causing the death of the stems.

In the spring of the second year of the development of the disease, the wood on the affected raspberry bushes almost completely dries out. Their leaves acquire a chlorotic color and are significantly reduced in size, while the buds remain underdeveloped. On the surface of the lilac-brown bark with large areas of light gray, many cracks form. And also on it you can see with the naked eye the black dots of the spore-bearing organs of the fungus.

The rapid spread of purple spotting is facilitated by:

• warm and humid weather;
• thickening of raspberry plantings;
• high nitrogen content in the soil;
• heavy soil with high groundwater level.

Verticillium wilt (wilt)

The fungus that causes verticillium wilt overwinters in the soil layer up to 30 cm deep in the form of mycelium or chlamydospores and enters the plant through the roots. It then spreads through the vascular system throughout the bush.

Although wilt infection usually occurs in early spring, the first symptoms appear only after hot and dry weather sets in. The leaves of a diseased plant suddenly turn yellow and dry up. The lowest of them fall off, and the upper ones remain on the bush. Shoots turn dark blue or purple and stop growing. Their tops wither and gradually die off. Damaged shoots may persist until next year and produce a small crop of small, dry berries.

Spores of the fungus that causes verticillium wilt can survive in the soil for up to 14 years.

The root system of infected plants retains its viability for some time, but the number of new shoots is constantly decreasing. In most cases, bushes suffering from verticillium wilt die within one or two seasons.

Rust

Raspberry rust is quite rare and causes relatively little harm to the bush. It is caused by the fungus Phragmidium rubi-idaei (Pers), whose spores overwinter on fallen leaves. With the onset of heat, they germinate and provide the primary infection of raspberry bushes.

2-3 weeks after infection, bright orange spore pads appear on the underside of raspberry leaves. In wet weather during the summer, many generations of the fungus that causes this disease are formed. During a drought, its development is suspended.

With a strong infection of the raspberry bush with rust, orange spore pads cover the entire lower part of the leaf.

There is also a stem form of rust. Its main symptom is the appearance of isolated sores on the shoots, which gradually merge, forming deep longitudinal cracks.

Stems and leaves affected by rust die off prematurely. It also affects the number of berries. The yield of diseased raspberry bushes is reduced by about 30%.

Septoria, or white spot

The fungus Septoria rubi Sacc, which is the cause of white spotting, is common in almost all regions of raspberry cultivation. It develops most rapidly at high humidity, combined with moderate temperatures. Spores of the fungus overwinter on diseased leaves and shoots.

Raspberry leaves and stems suffer from septoria. The first symptoms of the disease usually appear in mid-May, and it reaches its maximum development by the time the fruit ripens.

Numerous rounded brown spots appear on the leaves of the infected plant, which after a while become whitish in the center and brown at the edges. On their surface, actively spore-bearing organs of the fungus develop, which look like black dots. Gradually, the spots merge, the affected tissue is partially destroyed and the leaf dries up.

The symptoms of white spot are most intense on the leaves.

On the shoots, inconspicuous smooth spots are located near the buds and, much less often, in the internodes. The bark of the affected bushes is covered with a large number of small cracks, and its upper part is flaky.

Raspberry bushes weakened by white spotting do not tolerate winter well. With a high intensity of the disease, their kidneys most often die. And also septoria can cause a decrease in yield and early leaf fall.

Among the bacterial infections of raspberries, root cancer is the most common, the causative agent of which is the bacterium Pseudomonas tu-mefaciens (Smith et Towns.) Stev. The infection enters the root system of the plant through mechanical damage that occurs during planting, loosening row spacings, or as a result of pests.

With this disease, numerous bumpy growths form on the underground part of the plant and sometimes on its shoots, caused by improper cell division, inside which bacteria are located. An infected raspberry bush turns yellow and produces little growth. Under adverse conditions, he may die, but usually the matter is limited to the oppression of the bush. After 2–3 years, root cancer pathogens are destroyed by soil microorganisms and the plant recovers. But in the future, this disease may return.

The process of destruction of pathogens of root cancer is significantly accelerated with an acidic soil reaction (pH below 5).

Despite the fact that root cancer primarily affects the underground part of the plant, the entire bush suffers from it.

Poor soils and adverse weather conditions greatly increase the negative impact of bacterial root cancer on the plant. The development of this disease contributes to the long-term cultivation of raspberries in one place.

Viral and mycoplasmal diseases

The most dangerous for raspberries are diseases caused by viruses and mycoplasmas close to them. These include:

• Bushy dwarfism of raspberries. Infection occurs through the pollen of diseased plants, which is easily transported over long distances. In infected raspberry bushes, the leaves turn yellow first. Color change usually occurs between the veins, but sometimes ringing and lines can be observed, or the entire surface of the leaf blade is affected. These symptoms completely disappear in the second half of the summer, after which the diseased plant can be identified only after the berries ripen: they noticeably decrease in size and easily crumble into separate drupes. The yield of raspberries infected with the bushy dwarf virus is halved.

  The yield on raspberry bushes with bushy dwarfism is reduced by 2 times

• Curly. In bushes affected by this disease, leaf blades are bent down, and also acquire a rigid wrinkled structure and a dark green color, which changes to bronze-brown by the beginning of autumn. Fruit twigs become irregular in shape, and the berries on them dry out. The growth of affected bushes slows down. Their tops often die off.

  Curly hair is caused by a virus carried by aphids and nematodes.

• Mosaic. Its causative agents are viruses carried by sucking insects. A characteristic feature of this disease is the mosaic color of the leaves, consisting of chaotically arranged, blurry green and yellow spots of different sizes. During the heat, the symptoms are relieved, but with the onset of cool weather, they return. The shoots of infected bushes become thinner, the berries become small and tasteless. Over time, the plant becomes dwarfed and dies.

  Viral mosaic symptoms improve during heat but return with coolness

• Infectious chlorosis, or jaundice. It is expressed in the yellowing of the leaf plates, first between the veins, and then over the entire surface. But also the leaves can curl and wrinkle. The shoots of diseased plants are stretched and thinned, and the berries become irregular in shape, shrink and dry out.

  Infectious chlorosis, or raspberry jaundice, like many other viral diseases of this crop, is spread by aphids.

• Mycoplasma outgrowth, or witch's broom. Mycoplasma disease, expressed in the appearance of many thin and short shoots in the raspberry bush. They are chlorotic in color and have deformed flowers that rarely develop fruit. A plant affected by mycoplasma growth can remain viable for 10 years, all this time being a source of infection. Sometimes there may be a short-term remission with the return of fruiting, but in the end the disease takes over and the plant dies.

  Mycoplasma outgrowth - a deadly disease of raspberries

Video: raspberry bushes affected by virus mosaic

Raspberry pests

Insect pests also cause great damage to raspberry plantings. One of the most dangerous of them is the stem gall midge. This insect is a small mosquito. Its females lay their eggs in spring in damage or natural cracks in annual raspberry shoots. Orange larvae hatch from them, which, when fed, secrete various substances and pheromones that provoke the formation of galls on the raspberry stems.

In one season, 3-4 generations of stem gall midge can develop

Shoots damaged by gall midge weaken, crack and often dry out. They do not tolerate frost well and suffer from winter desiccation. The quantity and quality of ripening fruits in bushes suffering from stem gall midge is significantly reduced.

Video: stem gall midge on raspberries

Raspberries and other pests are affected. Among them:

• Raspberry-strawberry weevil. It looks like a greyish-black beetle. In early spring, it feeds on leaves and anthers of buds. Female weevil eat holes in the buds and lay eggs, after which they gnaw at the pedicel. As a result, the future flower falls off or dries up. A week later, larvae hatch from the eggs, which feed on the inside of the bud for 25 days before pupation. For the winter, the raspberry-strawberry weevil hides under fallen leaves, lumps of soil or in its cracks.

  For the winter, the raspberry-strawberry weevil hides under fallen leaves or in lumps of soil.

• Leaf and shoot aphids. Sucking insects are green. Their size does not exceed 2 mm. They feed on cell sap, as a result of which the green parts of the bush are twisted and deformed. In addition, aphids often act as a carrier of viral diseases. The black eggs of these insects overwinter on annual shoots.

  Aphid colonies usually appear on the stems and undersides of raspberry leaves before flowering.

• Raspberry beetle. This insect appears on raspberry bushes in early summer. Adults feed on the pulp of young leaves, stamens and pistils. The larvae damage the berries by eating the drupes and gnawing passages in the stalks. Wormy fruits lose up to 50% in weight, often rot and become unfit for human consumption. Beetles and their larvae overwinter in the soil near raspberry bushes at a depth of up to 10 cm.

  Raspberry beetle larvae damage the berries, making them unfit for consumption.

• Raspberry tick. A microscopic pest that settles on the lower part of the leaves and feeds on cell sap. The main sign of its appearance is the yellowing of leaf blades and their acquisition of irregular shapes. Raspberry mite females hibernate under soil flakes.

  The raspberry mite feeds on cell sap

• Spider mite. Another sucking raspberry pest. It also settles on the lower part of the leaf blade and feeds on cell sap. You can distinguish it by the web, which, with a large number of ticks, entangles all parts of the plant. In addition, in the affected bush, discoloration of the damaged parts of the leaf is observed, gradually turning into marbling of the entire plate, their drying and falling off. The spider mite is especially active on dry and hot days.

  Spider mites are especially active on dry and hot days.

Disease and pest control

If diseased and pest-damaged raspberry bushes are found, it is necessary to take measures to combat them as soon as possible.

How to beat fungal diseases

Most raspberry fungal diseases are easily treatable. Most often, Bordeaux liquid is used to treat affected bushes. It is a mixture of copper sulfate and slaked lime. The mechanism of action of Bordeaux liquid is based on the destructive effect of negatively charged copper ions on fungal spores. Hydrated lime prevents them from washing off and the appearance of chemical burns on plants.

A mixture for making Bordeaux liquid is easy to find in any specialized store.

Preparation of Bordeaux liquid

Bordeaux liquid is prepared immediately before use. This procedure includes several steps:

1. 100 g of copper sulfate (for the preparation of 1% Bordeaux liquid) is mixed with a small amount of warm water.
2. In a separate container, 150-200 g of lime is diluted with hot water to the consistency of sour cream (usually this requires about 1 liter of water).
3. Each of the resulting solutions is brought to a volume of 5 liters by adding cold water.
4. A solution of lime (lime milk) is filtered through gauze.
5. Slowly, stirring constantly, pour a solution of copper sulfate into the milk of lime.

When preparing Bordeaux liquid, you can not use metal utensils and violate the procedure, for example, pour lime milk into a solution of copper sulfate. If it is necessary to prepare a fungicide with a different concentration, then the amount of substances is proportionally increased. So, for a 3% Bordeaux liquid, you will need 300 g of copper sulfate and 500-600 g of lime.

The result should be a blue liquid with a slightly alkaline or neutral reaction.. You can check it by dipping litmus paper into the mixture, which is usually included in the kit for making Bordeaux liquid. When cooked properly, it should turn blue. If the litmus paper has turned red, then the acidity of the liquid must be reduced by increasing the amount of lime milk.

Video: the subtleties of making Bordeaux liquid

Treatment of bushes with fungicides

A mandatory measure in the fight against fungal diseases of raspberries is early spring spraying on dormant buds and autumn, after dropping leaves, treatment with 3% Bordeaux liquid. This fungicide can be replaced with other copper-containing preparations sold in finished form:

• HOM (active substance copper oxychloride);
• Kuproksat (copper sulfate);
• Cuprosan (copper oxychloride and zineb).

Many gardeners also practice late autumn treatment of bushes with fungicides. It is carried out immediately after the leaves fall.

On industrial raspberry plantations, potent drugs that combine fungicidal, insecticidal and herbicidal properties are often used to combat fungal diseases. These include:

• Nitrafen (2.2-3% solution);
• DNOC (1% solution).

When using these drugs, you need to remember about their danger to humans, as well as beneficial insects and microorganisms. They cannot be sprayed with bushes with blossoming leaves, and plantings can be treated with DNOC only outside the settlements and no more than once every 3 years.

If necessary, the treatment of raspberries with fungicides is continued during the growing season, until the ovaries appear. For this, the following drugs are used:

• 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid or other copper-containing preparations;
• 0.5% Phthalan solution;
• 0.5% solution of Captan;
• 0.7% solution of Zineb.

Video: how to deal with purple raspberry spot

What to do in case of detection of bacterial cancer and viral diseases

Raspberry bushes affected by bacterial root cancer, due to its low danger, do not require special treatments with chemicals. The introduction of superphosphate or a mixture of ammonium sulfate with potassium salt into the ground can significantly increase the rate of destruction of pathogens of this disease by soil microorganisms. Contribute to the purification of the soil from harmful bacteria and organic fertilizers.

Viral diseases of raspberries are practically untreatable. The only way to deal with them is to dig up the entire affected bush and then burn it. Experienced gardeners do not recommend planting raspberries in the area where infected plants were found for several years.

Means for the destruction of raspberry pests

To combat pests, raspberries use insecticides (destroy insects) and acaricides (destroy ticks). When processing raspberry bushes with them, you must remember about safety measures. All work must be carried out in rubber gloves and a mask that protects the respiratory system from 5-6 layers of gauze.

Raspberry spraying is carried out only in dry and calm weather.

Table: preparations for the destruction of raspberry pests

Preventive actions

In the fight against diseases and pests of raspberries, the prevention of their occurrence is of great importance. The most important role in this matter is the choice of healthy seedlings that are resistant to common infections and do not suffer from attacks by insects. In addition, the following activities show a good result:

• timely removal of fruiting shoots and underdeveloped or affected by diseases and pests of the stems;
• thinning of landings;
• burning fallen leaves;
• autumn digging of raspberries;
• mulching plantings with manure in early spring;
• regular watering and fertilizing raspberry bushes.

Table: raspberry varieties resistant to diseases and pests

Photo gallery: disease and pest resistant raspberry varieties

Popular among farmers, the Polka variety is the result of the work of Polish breeders Ugolyok - a very unpretentious raspberry variety

Having noticed symptoms of diseases and damage by pests on raspberry bushes, do not despair. Most of them can be defeated with special means. It's even easier to prevent them from appearing. To do this, it is enough to follow the rules of agricultural technology and choose varieties that are resistant to diseases and pests common in the region.

The material on the most common diseases of plants of the genus Rubus is based on the publications of F. van der Meer, H. Fluther, Stames-Smith, R. Convers, K. Cadman and other world-famous biologists. Briefly and to the point: let's talk about the health of the raspberry.

Raspberry diseases are the most common and less common: description, control measures and disease prevention. Let's look into our raspberries and see if there are reasons to be excited.

Sad mosaic (Raspberry Mosaic) - what to do and how to treat

Spots on the leaves - did the neighbor say it was jaundice? Believe it or not, there is no such disease! This is one of the types of mosaic, or maybe not - the same powdery mildew has almost identical symptoms, and it can only be diagnosed 100% reliably in laboratory conditions. How to be?

Often mosaic and leaf curl are combined under the general name of jaundice. This is fundamentally wrong - back in 1920, this fact was refuted by British scientists Benet, Harris and Stace-Smith. In fact, this is a category that includes viral diseases of the genus Rubus. Their vectors are united by aphids Amhorophora rubi (Kalt.) A. agathonica Hottes (Kalt.) subs idaei Born, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thos) and other signs. Mosaic is a general, folk name. There are 13 types of mosaic, different in symptoms, the causative agents of which are viral infections.

Mosaic features:

• On the green parts and shoots, the main symptom is the tuberosity of the surface of the leaves, mosaic - the alternation of bright green and light green areas, becoming bright yellow by autumn.
• Implicitly pronounced chlorotic spots along the lateral veins are sometimes absent, weakly expressed mottling on spring growth, weakening of the growth force, and a decrease in the number as a whole.
• Shoots become thinner, lag behind in growth. The new root growth is weak, thin, with small leaf plates.

Control measures:

Treatment drugs and control measures are almost identical, in most cases derivatives of similar active substances, analogues that suppress the development of infection. This does not mean that for any symptoms of raspberry disease, you should immediately water the entire arsenal of chemical preparations - you should consult with specialists or experienced gardeners, and in no case exceed the dose indicated on the instructions for use or shorten the waiting period, treat the plants after flowering , ovary and during the ripening of berries is strictly prohibited!

• The destruction of infected bushes as the most effective measure, the laying of new plantings in a clean, uninfected area.
• Compliance with sanitary standards and agricultural practices of cultivation: no thickening, weeds, proximity of fruit trees.
• Chemical measures to control vectors - aphids in the form of relatively safe insecticides that are active against these pests and not active against pollinating insects, the use of herbicides in case of massive clogging of the site with weeds.
• Isolation of infected areas with planting green manure from new plantings.

We define raspberry diseases. In the photo, dwarfism (witch's broom, growth) of a young seedling and an associated fungal disease of white spotting

Dwarfism (Rubus Stunt) or witch's broom

Dwarfism (growth) of raspberries. Based on the materials of the article by F. van der Meer, H. Fluter. A group of viral diseases first recorded by the French biologist de Vries, later Wormaldam and Harris in the Netherlands in 1920. The reason is the viruses RStuV Witches broom, Heksenbezem, dwergziekt, Rubus Statuche, ved mimi metly, dversjuke, spread by insects - cicadas. It affects all known European varieties, some types of wild blackberries. There are varieties with resistance to this species - Molling Proimis, there are no completely resistant ones. Harmfulness consists in serious crop losses, death of plants and infection of young ones, as planting material is not suitable. The infection does not spread through the soil, garden tools, is not transmitted by airborne droplets, through the contact of the green parts of the shrub - it, again, is carried only by insects. According to researchers, it is of paramount economic importance. Some varieties that have resistance are able to regenerate over time.

The virus is transmitted by insects, namely the cicadas Nacropsis fuscula Zett. Plants that have had a mosaic virus or other disease are more susceptible to infection.
Depending on the time of infection, the incubation period of infection varies from 4 to 11 months, the latent period is about 8 weeks. adult insects are not always carriers of the virus, but at a certain period of maturity. For example, if leafhopper nymphs hatch in early May, and adult insects are observed in early July, then they will become a carrier of the virus from the first days of August. Insects remain carriers of the virus throughout their lives.

Infection mainly occurs in September and August of the first growing season of the plant's life. When planting clean planting material in the first year of vegetation, there may be no symptoms of infection.

The first manifestations of raspberry dwarfism are many thin shoots developing from the root bud. There are signs of raspberry disease in August or September of the year following infection or planting of diseased planting material. In the third year, the characteristic signs of a witch's broom appear: an abundance of thin and weak shoots, a mass of shortened lateral branches with ugly flowers.

Symptoms of dwarfism:

• the formation of numerous thin shoots against the background of extensive lateral branching along the height of the whole plant, the proliferation of flowers, phyllodes.
• The leaves are smaller, lighter.
• Some varieties are subject to flower deformation: petal, sepals are reborn into cup-like formations, degeneration of the fruit cluster with sterile flowers is observed (Kaliningradskaya, Novosti Kuzmina).
• The number of fruit branches decreases, which greatly reduces the yield. If plants do not die immediately from viral shock, they can live up to 10 years in an oppressed reborn form.

Growth control measures (witch's broom) and treatment

1. Culling of diseased plants, especially with a mosaic pattern, light small leaves
2. Observation, checking for evil spirits: during bud break, the second - during flowering, the third - at the end of the growing season.
Processing: 10% r.-r karbofos 75 g per 10 l of water 2 times before flowering, after harvesting.
According to some - unverified data, heat treatment gives results, as a result of which bacteria die: Disinfection in water at a temperature of 24 C for 1.5-2 hours.
- Infected seedlings are easier and best to remove from the site - uproot and burn. Some that have regenerated may bear fruit acceptably, but in large plantings, it is recommended to remove plants completely to avoid re-infestation.
– Destruction of pest eggs with the help of drugs, destruction of nymphs
As a warning, the most effective measure in the fight: the absence of weeds, regular sanitary cleaning, the absence of thickening of plantations, planting shrubs, fruit trees and other berries in the distance. The virus affects Fragaria vesca and some industrial varieties of strawberries.

We define chlorosis (Raspberry Vien Chloosis): control measures and treatment

Infectious vein chlorosis of raspberry. Almost all European and North American varieties are not resistant to this disease, except for some cultivated in the USA - Newburgh, Cuthbert, Viking, which, apparently, have immunity. It is found everywhere - from Europe to Canada and New Zealand.
Symptoms of chlorosis:

• Small veins on the leaf plate become greenish-yellow or yellow, the leaves themselves are covered with a yellowish mesh pattern, often mistaken for the yellow mesh virus. On some varieties, chlorosis manifests itself in the form of local spots with clear contours, while the plate itself is deformed - twisted, dried up.
• Various signs of raspberry disease are caused by different strains of the virus and are divided into three types of symptoms - weak, moderate and strong according to the principle of severity.
• The virus is thermostable, and development does not depend on air humidity and weather. According to the observations of scientists, plants were infected both at temperatures up to 30 C and at +40 C.
• Refers to circulatory viruses, transmitted by Aphis idaei aphids, vaccinations, infected planting material.

Chlorosis control methods and drugs

The best measure of struggle is prevention. No matter how trite it sounds, but the cause of chlorosis, aphids, appear in thickened plantings, places where weeds grow, near fruit trees - apple trees, etc. You should follow the norms of density when planting between bushes for better ventilation, place plantings away from fruit trees, regularly carry out sanitary cleaning.
As a radical measure and, perhaps, the most effective - the destruction of diseased plants. Since a 100% cure guarantee, let's be frank, not a single drug will give a guarantee that surviving plants and those that have recovered will not infect young weak shoots, in some cases it is more expedient to remove infected plants and dispose of them outside the site.
Preparations to combat chlorosis are traditionally based on mineral components.

How to treat chlorosis, how and when to treat? Before bud break, 3% Bordeaux liquid, after harvesting, 0.05% r.-R. Topaz or 0.1% Fundazol. It is important not to confuse infectious chlorosis and physiological, caused by a lack of iron, potassium, acidification of the soil. In this case, potassium top dressing is ash, nitrogen (potassium nitrate), complex microelements in chelated form with iron and potassium iron chelate, nitrammafoska and other preparations. A mandatory procedure for both types - in the presence of a violation of the alkaline balance of the soil, the causes of many berry diseases, its alkalization.

Like other plants, raspberries are susceptible to the development of many diseases. In each case, leaves, shoots, berries or the root system of a bush are affected, and in most cases the disease can be determined almost immediately. So, today we will look at the main raspberry diseases and their treatment.

There are many varieties of raspberries, but not everyone has resistance to various kinds of diseases.

Anthracnose

The list of raspberry diseases begins with a fungal disease that manifests itself in the form of single spots on the stems and leaves. At first, the spots are purple in color, later they grow and acquire a grayish-white color and a purple border. The leaves begin to gradually wither, and the tissue in the affected areas dries up and falls off. Subsequently, such leaves completely die off, and the bark becomes gray. Anthracnose also affects raspberry fruits - purple spots appear on them, the berry becomes dry, and its taste quality deteriorates significantly.

On a note! This disease is most common in regions with high humidity and a warm climate.

Control measures

1. To prevent the development of the disease, it is necessary to initially choose only healthy bushes for planting.
2. Before bud break, the affected bush is treated with 3% vigorous liquid.
3. 1% Bordeaux liquid is used repeatedly in the budding phase of the plant.
4. You can not allow the plantings to thicken and regularly weed the site.
5. Shoots affected by the disease are cut out.
6. Fallen leaves from diseased branches are collected and burned.
7. After harvesting, the culture is treated with a vigorous liquid for the third time.

ring spot

This disease is viral and is spread by nematodes. Its appearance will be indicated by yellow spots on the leaves and their subsequent twisting. Ring spotting develops very slowly, and it is dangerous because yellowness on the leaves will be noted only in autumn and spring. The leaves will gradually curl, become thinner and, as a result, break at the slightest touch.

Control measures

1. If nematodes are found in the soil, then the substrate must be treated with nematocides.
2. Do not plant raspberry bushes after tomatoes, cabbage and strawberries.
3. The affected plant must be completely dug up with the root and burned.
4. After removing the diseased bush, the soil should be treated with a solution of ammonium nitrate.

purple spotting

This disease is spread by spores of the fungus - the buds, leaves, stems and petioles of the plant are affected. At the initial stage, the disease manifests itself in the form of light purple spots with black dots located in the center, most often this occurs at the points of attachment of the leaf to the stem. Over time, the stem collapses, numerous cracks appear, the lesion becomes red-brown, and the bush itself dries up.

Fighting methods

1. A diseased bush must be cut and destroyed.
2. For prevention, plantings are regularly thinned out.
3. Young shoots 15 days before flowering and after harvesting are sprayed with 1% vigorous liquid.

white spotting

Another fungal disease that occurs quite often and can affect both raspberries and strawberries. With its arrival, stems and leaves suffer, on which brown spots appear and their size can reach about 3 mm. After a while, the spots become white, and a brown edging forms around them. When sporulation begins, black dots can be seen. Whitish spots with dots also appear in the central part of the branches, near the buds, while the bark cracks.

Fighting methods

1. As with other fungal infections, diseased raspberry bushes must be dug up by the roots and burned.
2. The place where the infected plant grows is recommended to be cleared of fallen leaves, which are also burned.
3. For prevention, you should regularly thin out plantings and work out cultures with solutions containing copper.

Ulcerative spotting

A fungal disease characterized by brown spots that spread along the entire length of the stem. The spots have a blurry shape and bulging formations that spray gray spores. Soon the spots acquire a loose structure. This disease develops most intensively during rains, dews and abundant watering.

Fighting methods

1. The use of any chemicals does not work - the diseased bush must be dug up and destroyed.
2. For prevention, thin out plantings and monitor the level of soil moisture.
3. In spring and autumn, spraying with solutions enriched with copper is carried out.

Rust

Not uncommon for raspberries is a fungal disease such as rust. The first signs of damage can be seen in the spring - small yellow spots appear on the tops of the leaves. In summer, the fungus spreads over the entire underside of the leaf, where it appears as orange fungal pads that turn dark after a while. On the shoots, gray sores with a red border are formed. And even in autumn, when the foliage leaves the branches, this fungus continues to exist and survives the winter on fallen leaves. This disease will develop most intensively in conditions of high humidity.

Control measures

1. Those shoots that are weakly affected are shortened, and the bush itself is then treated with a cheerful liquid.
2. With a strong infection, the bush is dug up and burned. Also come with fallen leaves.
3. The soil should be constantly loosened and the raspberries should not be allowed to thicken.

bacterial cancer

It is quite difficult to establish the presence of this disease at the initial stage of its development. It manifests itself as follows: the growth of the bush slows down, the leaves turn yellow, and the berries taste fresh. Most often, the fact of the presence of bacterial cancer is established only when transplanting raspberries. In this case, one or more tumors can be seen on the root, the size of which is usually about 1 - 5 cm. These tumors have a smooth brown coating and eventually begin to coalesce with each other. As a result, the root becomes bumpy, rough, and the convex zones become covered with cracks. Most often, this disease begins to develop due to the alkaline reaction of the soil or during the long-term cultivation of raspberry bushes in the same area.

On a note! This disease is most common in areas with a humid climate!

Control measures

1. If the lesion is insignificant, then it is enough to dig up diseased bushes and burn them.
2. In case of a serious defeat, the old, infected raspberry is destroyed, and the new one is planted in another place. At the same time, the soil in the selected area must be treated with a solution of copper sulphate and the roots of the seedlings must be kept in it for 7 minutes.
3. In place of diseased plants, nothing is planted for 4 years.

Chlorosis

The list of raspberry diseases continues with an infectious disease called chlorosis. Consider the symptoms and the fight against it. This disease is ubiquitous, since not many raspberry varieties can boast of resistance against it - only a few species cultivated in the United States have immunity.

Chlorosis manifests itself in the form of small veins on the leaf, which have a greenish-yellow or yellow tint. The entire leaf plate is covered with reticulate patterns, which is why this disease is often mistaken for the yellow net virus. Some varieties react to this disease in a slightly different way - clearly defined local spots appear on the leaves, the leaf itself curls and dries out.

Chlorosis is a thermostable disease, so air humidity and temperature conditions do not affect its development and course. Occurs as a result of the vital activity of the aphid Aphis idaei, transmitted by vaccination. Often its development provokes already infected planting material.

Fighting methods

1. It is much easier to prevent the disease, therefore it is recommended not to allow the plantings to thicken, to deal with weeds in time, especially if the raspberry is located near apple trees and other fruit trees.
2. As for the fight against the disease, the most radical measure is the destruction of infected bushes.
3. For chemical control of chlorosis, mineral preparations are traditionally used: without waiting for bud break, plants are treated with 3% Bordeaux liquid, after harvesting - with 0.05% Topaz solution or 0.1% Fundazol solution.

Witch's broom

This virus penetrates through insect bites, through non-sterile instruments, wounds and root growth. It is characterized by the appearance of numerous thin shoots at the root of the bush. As a result, the growth of the culture slows down, the branches do not grow higher than 20 cm from the ground level. The leaves become smaller, the bushes grow, and fruiting stops.

Fighting methods

1. Constantly monitor colonies of ants that are carriers of aphids.
2. Most often, infected bushes are recommended to be dug up and burned outside the site.
3. During the period of bud break, flowering and at the last stage of the growing season, it is necessary to constantly check the bushes for the presence of pests.
4. For the treatment of infected plants, a 10% solution of Karbofos is used, which is diluted in a ratio of 75 grams per 10 liters of water and used twice - before flowering and after harvesting.

On a note! But it’s still easier and better to dig out and burn diseased bushes!

Mosaic

Another viral disease, which is characterized by the fact that the leaves of the shoots become variegated and bumpy. The entire plate is covered with alternating light and dark green areas, acquires an irregular shape. The disease is most intense in June, at the end of the growing season and in late autumn.

Sick plants give a meager harvest, the berries lose their taste and become tough. Young shoots become smaller, the leaves on them become wrinkled and thinner. In autumn, the affected leaves turn bright yellow. On spring growth, mild mottling is sometimes noted. Root growth significantly weakens, becomes thin.

Control measures

1. For the treatment of raspberries from mosaics, chemicals are used, the action of which is aimed at destroying aphids, which are the carriers of this disease. But at the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the agent used does not show activity against non-pollinating insects.
2. The most effective measure is the destruction of diseased plants, and the laying of new planting material in a clean area.
3. Preventive measures: thinning of plantings, timely weed control and the location of raspberries away from fruit trees.

Processing of raspberries from pests and diseases should be carried out throughout the entire period - starting in spring and pumping in autumn. At the same time, it must be remembered that both viruses and fungi, as well as insects with birds, can infect plants, for this reason, preparations must be selected in accordance with the lesion.

In the spring, it is necessary to put things in order in the raspberries: cut off the frostbitten tops of the branches, remove the shoots that differ from the others in color and grow inside the bush. At the same time, nitrogen fertilizers are applied to the soil and raspberries are tied to a trellis. As for the treatment for diseases, the plants and the soil under them must be sprayed with a cheerful liquid or Nitrofen - the first procedure should be carried out before bud break. Whether to repeat this treatment or not will depend on what diseases have been seen in raspberries in the past year. Pest treatment will consist in processing the culture with Karbofos or Actellik.

In the fall, after harvesting, raspberries are re-treated, and the choice of remedy will be based solely on the identified disease. In addition, before winter, the stems of the second year should be cut at the root, and diseased and weak shoots should also be removed. Further, the foliage is removed from the bushes and the bushes are bent down for wintering. If necessary, the soil between the plants is loosened and fertilized.