So, you have decided to start a business, where to start?

First, we need to decide what and for whom we will produce, as well as have an idea about the subject of our business.

The demand for paving slabs has always been great. Our consumers will be all segments of small and medium-sized businesses, tenants and owners of shops, enterprises, as well as owners of private houses and summer cottages.

However, today the main use of paving slabs is masonry and road construction. The most popular remains rectangular tiles in the form of bricks. Easy to use and lay, both paths and parking areas.

Paving slabs in the shape of squares are ideal for creating walkways, paths, sidewalks, decorating steps and porches.
The success of the business depends on a good knowledge of your product, all stages of production, and main advantages.

We list the main ones:
1. The tiles have a beautiful appearance and unique design.
2. Long validity period up to 30 years.
3. Made from environmentally friendly raw materials without harmful impurities
4. High strength, raw materials are resistant to moisture and temperature changes

Business organization.

The first step is to register your business as an entrepreneur and familiarize yourself with the taxation system. In this case, taxes will be 6% of revenue or 15% of profit. Registering a business is quite simple, since paving slabs are not certified. However, if you wish, you can order a special certificate from the certification service and receive a tile quality certificate. The cost of testing ranges from 3 to 10 thousand rubles in various laboratories.
So, we receive a business registration certificate and register with the tax authorities. It is important that an individual entrepreneur is a private person and has no relation to legal entities. This gives us the advantage of limiting ourselves to collecting only 4 documents:

1) Copy of passport
2) Copy of TIN
3) Receipt for payment of state duty
4) Application for registration of activities.
The cost of registering an individual entrepreneur is 800 rubles. state duties and by law takes only 5 working days.

Room.

When choosing a room, you must be guided by the footage, at least 80 m2. It is important to have communications, electricity for equipment operation and water supply. In the warm season, you can save money and not rent storage space, but in winter you will have to ensure optimal temperature conditions and equip it with a drying chamber maintaining 35-45 degrees. Rent will be 20-25 thousand rubles per month.

Staff.

For a production volume of more than 1000 m2, it is quite enough to hire two or three workers. No education is required for this job. Workers mix cement according to one recipe, pour it into molds and dry it. Salary from 10 to 20 thousand rubles. per month.

Equipment and production technology.

Sufficient technologies and equipment have been developed for the production of paving slabs, both manual and automatic. The choice is quite large. The cheapest method for producing paving slabs is vibration casting.

Basic equipment:
- vibrating table
- casting molds
- concrete mixer

Production technology.

1. Prepare the concrete mixture in a concrete mixer
2. Place this mixture in molds on a vibrating table
3. Leave the mixture in the molds for up to 48 hours and cover with PVC film
4. Heat the finished products to 60-70 degrees for about 2 minutes and remove the tiles from the molds on the table.

Raw materials for tile production.

Cement
- sand
- granite crushed stone
- plasticizer S-3
- pigment
- air-entraining additive START

Marketing.

In any business or starting your own business, you can’t do without marketing research. The profitability of the business, the amount of invested funds depend on this, and the risks of ruin are eliminated.
You can conduct market research yourself, or involve a specialist.

It is easy to carry out a comparative analysis by studying supply and demand (production volumes) in the region of your residence. Identify the main complaints and wishes of customers, think about what can be improved.

Advertising is the main driver of good sales in the market. The main task is to find loyal customers.
Types of advertising:
- posting advertisements
- advertising via the Internet by posting advertisements on advertising boards
- creating your own website with a product catalog
- group on social networks
- distribution of leaflets
- advertisements in newspapers, on television

Sales of products.

In order to maximize market coverage and receive a sufficient number of orders, it is necessary to provide a good selection of quality products of various shapes and colors at affordable prices. We need to focus on the common population and help in decorating the territories of private houses.

Financial plan.

The result of our activities will be a financial plan, final approximate cost calculations and a summary of the necessary indicators.

Main parameters:
- room area - 90m2
- rent - 25 thousand rubles. per month
- 1 shift
- productivity - 50 m2 of tiles (1100 m2 per month)
- 22 working days per month.

Equipment costs:
- vibrating table - 1 pc. - 20 thousand rubles.
- molds for tiles - 180 pcs. - 270 thousand rubles.
- concrete mixer (250 l.) - 15 thousand rubles.
- racks - 50 pcs. - 27 thousand 500 rub.
- floor scales - 1 pc. - 11 thousand rubles.
- other equipment - 15 thousand rubles. Total: 358 thousand 500 rubles.

Material costs:
- cement - 16 kg - 78.4 rubles;
- granite crushed stone - 54 kg - 54 rubles;
- plasticizer - 0.3 kg - 11.4 rubles;
- water - 9 l. - 1.26 rubles;
- pigment - 0.3 kg. - 24.3 rub.

Total: 169.36 rub. for the production of 1 m2 of paving slabs.

Employee salaries:

Moulder - 12 thousand rubles;
- molder - 12 thousand rubles;
- accountant - 8 thousand rubles;

Total: 32 thousand rubles. per month.

Total production costs per month, per shift and per 1 m2 of paving slabs:
- raw materials - 186,296 rubles. per month - 8468 rub. per shift - 169.4 rub. per 1m2;
- salary - 32,000 rubles. per month - 1454.5 rub. per shift - 29.1 rub. per 1 m2
- insurance deductions - 9600 rub. per month - 436.4 rub. per shift - 8.7 rub. per 1 m2
- rent - 25,000 rub. per month - 1136.4 rub. per shift - 22.7 rub. per 1 m2
- electricity - 1140 rub. per month - 51.8 rub. per shift - 1.03 rub. per 1 m2
- advertising - 8000 rub. per month - 363.6 rub. per shift - 7.3 rub. per 1 m2
- transportation costs - 6000 rub. per month - 272.7 rub. per shift - 5.5 rub. per 1 m2
- other expenses - 10,000 rubles. per month - 454.5 rub. per shift - 9.1 rub. per 1 m2

Total: 278036 rub. per month - 12639 rub. per shift - 252.8 rub. per 1 m2.

The cost of 1 m2 of paving slabs is 252.8 rubles. All expenses per month will be 278,036 rubles.

Let's calculate the payback of the enterprise, as well as profit:

Cost of 1 m2 - 252.8 rubles;
Sales price for 1 m2 - 400 rubles;
Profit from 1 m2 before taxation - 147.2 rubles;
Profit per month before tax - 161,929 rubles;
Tax simplified tax system - 15% of profit - 24,288 rubles;
Net profit per month - 137,632 rubles;
Net profit per 1 m2 - 125.12 rubles;
Production profitability% - 49.5%;
The payback period for the equipment is 2.6 months.

Conclusion: The profit of our paving slab manufacturing business will be 137.6 thousand rubles per month. Production profitability is 49.5%, and payback is 2.6 months. Such indicators can only be achieved by selling all products.

Payback (profit from sales).

The quality and cost of paving slabs are directly related. The price of a product depends on many factors, such as strength, color, development technology. Poor quality tiles will not last even 5 years, requiring replacement, but good quality tiles will last up to 30 years.

In any business there is competition and tile production is no exception. To withstand the onslaught and remain a leader in the market, timely modernization of production is required, the purchase of new modern equipment such as forklifts, conveyor-type installations to increase production volumes through technological solutions, and not additional recruitment of labor.

The return on investment for the business of producing paving slabs is 100-130% and this is a pretty good figure. This business has quite a lot of advantages - good profits, easy technological process.

However, it is necessary to take into account disadvantages, such as monotony and monotony of work, some seasonality of customer requests. But if you show your creativity in the process, unexpected design solutions, beautiful designs on the tiles, you are guaranteed to enjoy doing what you love.

Modern construction cannot do without paving paving slabs, so many entrepreneurs set up their own production of concrete products. In order to fully and accurately assess profitability and compare the advantages and disadvantages of such a business, it is necessary to study this issue thoroughly.

Production of paving slabs: niche assessment

Paving slabs are in high demand in any region of the country. It has the widest range not only in shades, but also in shapes, configurations, and sizes. With its help, you can create true masterpieces on city streets and private areas. Therefore, the production of paving slabs is considered the most profitable business in our time.

In order for your tile production to be successful, you must adhere to basic manufacturing technologies. The following performance characteristics must be met:

• resistance to frost and high temperatures;
• strength;
• endurance to mechanical stress;
• durability, etc.

If we evaluate the sales niche, then vibropressed paving slabs are the most popular. For example, ordinary paving stones are the top seller - they are bought in 60 cases out of 100. The remaining types are distributed approximately equally - 20-40%.

Characteristics of the most popular types of paving slabs

Vibropressed. Made from concrete mixture. During production, special vibrocompression equipment is used. Refers to the most common. It has high quality indicators and a wide range.

Vibrocast. It is made according to the previous method, but with the difference that the tiles are not pressed, but are made by casting on vibration equipment. It is also a popular type and is of high quality.

Polymer-sand. Polymer substances are used in manufacturing. It features a wide range of shades and textures. It is possible to imitate stone, wood, slate and other natural materials. Strength is at a high level.

Glowing. Such tiles are not a bestseller, as they have a high cost. Most often it is bought for private areas. Quality indicators are good, used mainly for decorative purposes.

Rubber. Rubber raw materials are used in production. A distinctive feature is anti-slip properties. The quality is high.

Any manufacturer at the initial stage of opening a business is engaged in the production of exclusively vibro-pressed and vibro-cast paving slabs. The fact is that such building material requires a minimum of capital investment and has a high level of return on investment. In 2-3 months you can fully return the invested funds and make your first profit.

You can get acquainted with the production technology of vibratory-pressed paving slabs by watching the video:

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages:

• payback rate;
• opportunity to earn 100-200 rubles per 1 sq. m of product, and this is a significant amount, since the buyer purchases a large number of tiles at once;
• a wide range of sales - from individuals to government agencies;
• There is no seasonality in sales, since modern paving slabs can be installed in any weather conditions.

Flaws:

• expensive equipment;
• the need to initially invest a large amount of money;
• you will have to rent space for the production workshop.

How to start making paving slabs: costs at the start

Before starting your own production of paving slabs, you need to calculate the costs at the start, that is, determine the amount of investment. First of all, it is calculated production cost. The tiles are made from flat-cement concrete and a special plasticizer, which improves quality indicators. A cubic meter will cost you approximately 2800-3000 rubles. From a cubic meter you can make about 15-17 square meters. m. paving slabs. Thus, the average cost of 1 sq. m. of tiles will be 170 rubles minimum.

Don’t forget about spending on electricity, workers’ salaries, and renting premises. Others may also arise production costs. Therefore, you need to add at least 50 rubles to 170 rubles. Consequently, your paving slabs will cost you 220 rubles at least per 1 sq. m. m. It is possible to purchase raw materials cheaper, but in this case, pay special attention to quality indicators.

Be sure to think about employees who will need to be paid at the end of the month (week). Initially, you don’t know how quickly the sale will go, so the amount is wages you should have some in stock. If you plan a small production, for example, in a workshop of 50 sq. m, then you will only need to hire 2-3 employees.

Provided that you find buyers in a short time, the profitability of production will be 150%. To do this, at the initial stages, you can make tiles from inexpensive materials.

Registration and certification

For your business to be legal, you need to register. For small-scale production, registration as an individual entrepreneur is possible. This will make it possible to choose a profitable and simplified taxation system, which will be only 6%. No special certification is required for paving slabs, which simplifies the task even more. However, the majority of buyers require a quality certificate, so it is advisable to order it additionally. To do this, you need to contact the certification service and provide them with samples of each of your products. The service checks the degree of moisture resistance, strength, and resistance to various temperature changes. Resistance to mechanical stress, fading in the sun and color retention must be taken into account.

Organization, equipment

To properly organize your business, you first need to purchase the appropriate equipment. It must be reliable and of high quality. If you don’t have the required amount, you can rent it at the initial stages. You will need the following:

1. For vibropressed paving slabs you need concrete block press. The price from foreign manufacturers is about $20,000. In addition, you need to purchase concrete mixer, the cost of which is $5,000. You will also need punch for $3,000.
2. To make vibro-cast paving slabs, you need to buy a special vibrating table. Its price is only $4,000. Concrete mixer can be purchased for as little as $600.
3. You can't do without forms. One form costs from 1 $ to 8 $.
4. Molds should be washed after each use. Therefore you will need large capacity. Here you can use a regular bathroom. But if you decide to purchase a professional model, it will cost you at least $1,000.
5. To store finished products, you need to buy special pallets.
6. Buy Desktop, on which you will remove the paving slabs from the mold.
7. You will also need a device for tensioning clamping bands, staples, PP tape, stretch film, and a forklift.

Warehouse space

Warehouse space and production itself can be rented or purchased. It must meet certain requirements:

• the presence of heating, since production requires an air temperature of 15-40 degrees;
• central water supply;
• electricity with a voltage of 380 Volts;
• the minimum area should be 50 sq. m;
• ventilation.

Purchase of raw materials

To avoid unnecessary costs, it is necessary to properly purchase raw materials. For example, for production of 30 sq. m of paving slabs you need to buy 0.8 tons of cement, 2.3 kg of plasticizer, 2.5 kg of sand-granite mixture and coloring pigments in the entire palette. Finding a supplier is quite easy. You can contact the mining quarry management yourself. This method will be the most profitable. If this is not possible, you can find an intermediary company, and there are a lot of them today.

1. Try to purchase cement, pigments and other components from one manufacturer. This is especially important for pigment, since each manufacturer has unique shades of the same color.
2. The storage area should be well ventilated and not have high humidity.
3. Fractions of granite crushed stone should be at least 5 mm, maximum 10.
4. The most popular plasticizer is grade C3.

When choosing a supplier, be sure to inquire about his reputation and experience in the market. Remember, it must be reliable and proven.

How to implement? The most common methods

In the process of opening the production of paving slabs, take care of preliminary advertising. After all, this is how you can interest a potential buyer. Initially, make samples of tiles of various shapes, sizes and shades. Create a product catalog, order booklets that will contain information about the product, its benefits, and range.

The most common and reliable ways to sell products:

1. It is best to post information on online platforms.
2. It is advisable to create your own website.
3. You can also find customers through advertisements in newspapers, magazines, television, etc. It is especially important to place advertisements in a specialized construction publication, since it is the consumer audience that reads it.
4. Order advertising in public transport, from minibuses to the metro.
5. Place advertisements in holiday villages and private sector areas, especially if it is an elite residential area.
6. A fairly popular method of self-promotion is participation in specialized exhibitions.
7. You can use direct mail.
8. Organize a point of sale (you can even do it at the place of production).
9. Experienced manufacturers can also use an unusual marketing ploy. For example, offer a free service to a company or government agency. That is, you can lay paving slabs in front of the building completely free of charge. In return, you must be provided with advertising.

Main consumers of paving slabs

Who most often buys concrete products:

1. Construction companies of any type, buyers for the construction of municipal buildings, fulfillment of other types of orders.
2. Private individuals.
3. Legal entities.

When improving any territory, you cannot do without a convenient and beautiful road surface. Production of paving slabs as a business: profitability, plan with calculations of income and costs in a review for beginning entrepreneurs.

Advantages and disadvantages

Paving slabs are a popular building material for arranging paths and platforms in a wide variety of places:

• city ​​parks, squares, roads, squares;
• area in front of shops and other business establishments;
• courtyards in private and apartment buildings.

Competition in this sector of the economy is very high, but huge volumes of consumption allow all producers of high-quality paving stones to make a profit.

Entrepreneurs are attracted by the following points:

1. Lack of permits to open a business.
2. Simplicity of legal registration.
3. Need for a small number of employees.
4. Simple technological process.
5. Opportunity to earn additional income from providing tile laying services.
6. High level of profitability.

The negative aspects include:

• Seasonality - most of the production occurs in the warm season, since a small amount of construction work is carried out in winter.
• Same type and monotonous work - due to this, staff turnover is possible.
• Expensive equipment - paving stones are produced on a large scale using machines costing up to half a million rubles.

You can download a business plan for the production of paving slabs with calculations at.

Business plan

In order not to miss anything when starting a project for the production of paving slabs, you must adhere to the following action plan:

1. Marketing market research.
2. Study of tile production technology.
3. Registration of an enterprise.
4. Renting premises.
5. Purchase of equipment and materials.
6. Search for workers.
7. Organization of advertising and sales.
8. Profitability calculation.

To save time, you can do several things at the same time, for example, purchasing equipment and hiring workers.

The owner of a paving slab production may need a business plan in case of borrowing funds - a bank loan or a non-commercial loan.

Marketing

There are many varieties of tiles on the market, which differ in characteristics and production methods. Starting from scratch to produce several types at once is expensive and risky. It is better to determine the most in-demand product and only after the enterprise begins to generate stable profits, expand production.

You can identify a sales leader either on your own or by ordering research from a marketing company. Also at this stage, it is necessary to determine the lower and upper limits of the price of tiles in order to be able to compete without damaging your own business.

Another option is possible: if, when analyzing the market, a niche turns out to be free, then if there is demand, you can take a strong position in the production of unique products.

Technology

There are three main types of coating:

• Ordinary concrete slabs used to pave sidewalks and paths. Color and shape can be very diverse, even with 3D design.
• Polymer plastic tiles. With the help of additives, it is given the necessary properties - frost resistance, reinforcement, water resistance. Polymer tiles have a longer service life, are easier to process and more pleasant to use than concrete tiles.
• Soft paving slabs. The basis for production is shredded car tires. This coating is used in the construction of sports fields, outdoor swimming pools and other places where there is a danger of injury. The tile can withstand a wide range of temperatures, is highly resistant to adverse environments, and has a non-slip rubber surface.

Two approaches are used in production:

1. Vibration casting is a simple and cheap method of producing tiles that are not very durable and of high quality. First, a concrete mixture of cement, crushed stone, sand and additives is prepared in a concrete mixer. Then the mixture is poured into molds on a vibrating table, which operates until the surface of the tile is moistened. The molds are dried on pallets indoors for two days, then heated for several minutes to 60ºC-70ºC to remove the tiles on a vibrating table. During the process of heating and beating out the matrix, cracks and chips may form on the paving stones, especially if unskilled labor and cheap equipment are used.
2. Vibropressing and hyperpressing - this method uses expensive equipment, but the tiles are of high quality. As with vibratory casting, a molding mixture is prepared, which is compacted with a vibropress or hydraulic press. Such tiles dry for 8-9 hours naturally or 5-6 hours with hot steam. Since manual labor is kept to a minimum, there are practically no defective products.

To produce high-quality tiles, you need to consider the following nuances:

• When first used, polymer forms are treated with a special agent that removes static charge. In the future, it is advisable to use emulsol lubricant and, after finishing making the tiles, rinse with a 7% hydrochloric acid solution.
• To retain moisture in the tile when drying, it is covered with film. But then the drying time increases.

The finished paving stones are carefully placed on wooden pallets and secured with film and tape. The tiles should be stored in a dry, warm and well-ventilated warehouse.

Legal registration

The owner of an enterprise can register as an individual entrepreneur or open a limited liability company. Next, you need to register for tax purposes with the Federal Tax Service and social funds. A simplified taxation system makes it possible to submit reports once a year with payment of tax as a percentage of revenue and fixed social contributions.

No special permits are required to conduct activities. If it is necessary to issue a quality certificate to the customer for tiles, you must provide a sample of the product to the certification service.

Room

The production of paving slabs as a business cannot be carried out at home - for the location of equipment and storage of finished products on an industrial scale, a room of at least 70 square meters is required. m. In the industrial zone of any city there is a free workshop or a suitable warehouse at an affordable price.

Basic requirements for a mini-plant:

1. Availability of communications - water supply, sewerage, electricity.
2. An insulated room and the presence of heating if you plan not to stop production during the cold season.
3. A change house for workers or the possibility of independently arranging a living area.
4. Separate sites for production and warehouse.
5. High ceilings.
6. Access road adapted for freight transport.

It is advisable to find premises near wholesale centers that sell raw materials for production in order to save on delivery.

Equipment and raw materials

The list of necessary equipment for any production technology includes:

• concrete mixer (to make two-layer tiles you need 2 pieces);
• matrices of various standard forms in the amount of 150-200 pieces (there are metal, plastic, wood, silicone);
• container for washing molds;
• heated container for removing tiles from the matrix;
• racks for drying tiles;
• pallets for storing finished products;
• packaging tools and accessories;
• scales;
• hydraulic trolley for moving pallets with tiles.

Depending on the method of making paving stones, you will need:

1. Vibrating table
2. Hydropress.

New equipment is quite expensive (from 100,000 to 500,000 rubles), while used equipment is 30-40 percent cheaper. You can make a vibrating table and iron forms yourself if you have experience in mechanical engineering and the ability to work with metal. But at the same time, production technology and the quality of the finished product are called into question.

If you have free starting capital, you can purchase a ready-made tile production line for RUB 800,000. - 1,000,000 rub.

Raw materials for concrete paving stones are cheap and available. Recipe for making 1 sq. m. paving slabs 6 cm high:

This is the most common composition among manufacturers. You can also use crumb rubber, glue, wire mesh, polymers, and clay in production.

An important point: in order to obtain consistently high-quality products, the components for preparing the mixture must be of the same brand and manufacturer.

Employees

The number of workers required at a paving stone plant depends on the planned output volumes. For example, for production by vibration compaction method 50 sq. m of paving surface will require 3 people per shift:

• worker at the machine;
• handyman;
• loader.

Administrative work, product sales and accounting activities at the enterprise can initially be carried out by the owner. Once the plant becomes profitable, it makes sense to hire specialists.

Particular attention should be paid to safety precautions, and workers should be provided with special clothing and protective equipment.

Sales of products

For a novice entrepreneur, the main buyers of paving slabs are the owners of private houses and retail outlets. To receive an order from a construction company, it will be necessary to certify the products.

The first clients may be friends or relatives who need to improve their territory. You need to look for orders through advertisements in local newspapers, construction press, and information portals on the Internet. A good result comes from participation in specialized fairs and exhibitions and contacts with supply agents of construction companies.

Sometimes customers receive orders for tiles with installation. To provide turnkey services, you can enter into an agreement with an installation organization or hire workers for each case.

To attract large customers, you need to make discounts, for example, when purchasing a certain quantity of products, offer free delivery and provide a warranty on operation.

Video: how to open a paving slab production business?

Economic calculations

To determine the amount of investment in a tile project, you need to make a cost-income calculation and calculate whether it is profitable to engage in this business.

Starting production using the vibrocompression method includes the following costs:

Half of the investment is the cost of purchasing equipment. Vibratory casting technology does not use expensive equipment and you can start a business with 700,000 rubles available. – 750,000 rub.

Fixed costs per month for the production of paving stones consist of:

Cost of 1 sq. m of paving slabs will cost the entrepreneur 280 rubles. In the process of work, additional costs may arise for equipment repairs, product certification, incentive payments to employees, etc.

The plant's income will depend on the volume of production and sales of tiles. Presumably, with a production rate per day of 50 sq. m of paving stones and sales of 80% at 600 rubles, monthly turnover will be:

With such calculations, the investment will pay off in 4 months - this is a very high figure for production. If you also provide tile laying services, the profitability will be even higher.

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In urban landscaping, the ubiquitous asphalt surface has been replaced by a beautiful and convenient material - concrete tiles. It is used to lay sidewalks, playgrounds, local areas, cottage and summer cottage plots. Thousands more kilometers of sidewalks and courtyards are waiting for a new practical coating. And, if city administrations mainly cooperate with large contractors, then individuals and entrepreneurs are happy to order paving stones from small enterprises . The paving slab production business, even with small volumes, quickly pays for itself and brings good profits. At the same time, it does not require large start-up investments.

Is it worth starting a paving stone production?

To answer this question, study supply and demand in the paving market in your city:

• Analyze in what volumes and at what price your future competitors sell paving slabs, and what other services they provide.
• Identify your potential clients: open cafes, private hotels and shops, repair and construction teams.
• Look for possible suppliers: if there are no granite and sand quarries nearby, you will have to order raw materials from other regions, which will significantly increase the cost of production and reduce the profitability of production.

If research into a competitive market shows that market saturation is low, it may be worth considering creating a high-capacity manufacturing facility.

It is better for an inexperienced entrepreneur not to take risks and purchase additional equipment as large orders arrive.

Business registration

The production of paving slabs as a business does not require any licenses or certificates. Enough and you can start organizing production. If you wish, you can undergo a voluntary product certification procedure, which will confirm the high quality of your products that meet state standards.

What tiles to produce?

The main types of paving slabs are clinker, vibropressed and vibrocast. Clinker tiles are the most expensive of all. Its production requires high quality clay and special firing equipment. It is not practical for a small enterprise to start producing expensive tiles due to the rather narrow market for such products.

You should focus on producing tiles using vibration casting. Such tiles are most in demand due to their durability and wear resistance, variety of shapes and colors. This is the best choice in terms of price-quality ratio, both for customers and for the manufacturer. Vibratory casting technology is easy to use and has low cost. Vibration-pressed tiles have similar characteristics, but are considered to be more expensive to produce than vibro-cast tiles.

Along with paving slabs, you can produce curbs, facing stones, and park decor items. Do not leave the laying of your tiles in the wrong hands: usually the work on manufacturing and installing the coating is a complex process. This is convenient for the buyer, and you can more accurately calculate the required number of tiles.

Workshop organization

The tile production technology requires a special temperature regime, so the equipment must be placed in a heated room. Where the production workshop will be located does not matter. You can rent any suitable premises with an area of ​​60 sq. m. m. Communications must be connected to the building: central water supply and three-phase electricity with a voltage of 380 V.

Separately, it is necessary to equip a drying room with a heated floor, where the air temperature will be maintained at 35 - 40 degrees. Provide storage space for finished products.

During the winter, if your production volumes increase in preparation for the peak spring/summer season, you may need additional storage.

Equipment required for the production of paving slabs:

• concrete mixer (1 – 2 pcs.);
• forming vibrating table;
• stripping table;
• plastic forms.

This is a minimum set of equipment that is sufficient for the production of figured and square paving stones, facade tiles, decorative fences and slabs with gutters.

Staff

To reach a productivity of 30 sq. m of tiles per day, it is necessary for 3 people to work in one shift. There are no special requirements for the qualifications of workers. They are required to follow the concrete mixing recipe, fill out forms and send products to the pressing tables and drying room.

During high-demand tiling seasons, hire a few people on your crew for temporary work.

Purchase of raw materials

High-quality tile covering can last up to 25 years. Paving slabs are manufactured in accordance with GOST “Concrete paving slabs” No. 17608-91. Products must meet the requirements of frost resistance, strength, water absorption and abrasion. For this purpose, the tiles are made from high-quality raw materials with precise adherence to technology.

For production of 30 sq. m of tiles you will need:

• cement – ​​0.8 t;
• sand-granite mixture – 2.5 t;
• concrete plasticizer – 2.3 kg;
• pigments.

It is better to negotiate an uninterrupted supply of sand and granite crushed stone or screenings with the quarry management directly or through an intermediary company.

Try to constantly purchase cement of the same brand, especially when completing a large order, otherwise you will encounter a problem such as color mismatch of tiles from different batches. The same goes for pigments.

Sales of products

In order to offer your tiles to potential customers, you need to make several demonstration samples. Cast samples of products in different colors and shapes so that the customer can see with his own eyes, and not in a catalogue, what his tile covering will look like.

Additional options can be presented in a colorful booklet, accompanied by information about the advantages of concrete tiles, their proper operation and your company’s service offerings.

It is better to communicate with repair and construction teams individually; for other clients, place advertisements in cottage and holiday villages, in free newspapers and Internet sites, and in specialized magazines.

Business plan for the production of paving slabs

One-time costs for launching a production line of 30 sq. m of paving slabs per day range from 200 thousand rubles. excluding the cost of renting a workshop.

Cost of production 1 sq. m of tiles averages 210 rubles. (including the cost of raw materials; wages at the rate of 45 rubles per 1 sq. m; electricity consumed for a standard working day).

Average sale price of 1 sq. m of tiles – 350-370 rubles.

Provided that all products are quickly sold, the production of paving slabs can pay for itself in 2-3 months.

Paving slabs appeared in our country quite recently - in the 90s - and were a clear contrast to the materials that were used at that time, so they very quickly conquered the construction market and became very popular, as a result of which the business for the production of paving slabs and is very relevant today. The main advantages that explain the popularity of paving slabs are their ease of installation, elegant appearance and durability.

Here you will look at everything related to its production: equipment (vibrating table, machine, vibropress), molds, manufacturing technology.

Business plan

We will not consider resume points, market analysis and organizational plan for the production of paving slabs here, because in all business plans they are almost identical, and we will consider only the most basic information with prices that will help you in drawing up your business plan, because it is different for each company.

If you don’t know how to write one, you can download a business plan template, which is the source for any example.

Necessary equipment

In this case, you will need the following minimum equipment for the production of paving slabs:

• Concrete mixer;
• Pouring vibrating table;
• Stripping vibrating table with a set of frames for laying out;

The cost of such a minimum set of machines will be 100-500 thousand rubles. If you like convenience and speed, then it would be better to purchase a stationary brick press for the production of paving slabs - an automated and semi-automatic line for the production of tiles and similar concrete products, but it costs from 1.5 million rubles.

Vibropress for the production of paving slabs and other concrete products / Line price 1.5 million rubles

It is worth immediately noting that these machines and lines are not specialized, i.e. They can be used to make not only paving slabs, but also other similar products: various blocks, bricks, curbs. The only thing needed for this is manufacturing molds. All this is a huge advantage of this business.

In addition, you will also need a transformer, a hydraulic cart, a loader (in case you decide to transfer the finished mixture without your hands), shovels, trowels, wheelbarrows and similar little things.

It is not enough to have only equipment, because one of the key components is molds for the production of paving slabs. They are the main consumables. They look like this:

They are inexpensive - from 20 to 100 rubles apiece. The price depends on the complexity of their execution and the material spent on them. They are made of plastic.

Manufacturing technology

The process itself is quite simple and does not require any special skills. The entire technology for the production of paving slabs and the entire process looks like this (see video):

Concrete mixture recipe

1. Textured layer. It provides the main quality indicators of the tiles. Composition of one cubic meter ready-mixed concrete: cement - 500 kg, crushed stone with sand (2:1), plasticizing additives - consumption depending on the additive used, dye - 7.5-12 kg.
2. Base layer. It sets the paving slabs to the thickness you desire and is the main carrier of strength. Composition of one cubic meter ready-made concrete: cement - 250 kg, crushed stone with sand (1:1), plasticizing additives - consumption, depending on the additive used, dye - no.

Manufacturing process

Let's consider the technology using conventional equipment:

1. It is necessary to prepare concrete with pigment in a smaller concrete mixer (see paragraph “Preparation of pigment”), and in a larger concrete mixer without pigment.
2. We lay out the forms of paving slabs close to each other on a vibrating table.
3. It is necessary to spread colored concrete in a layer of 1-2 cm (covering as much as possible the bottom of the form). When making regular gray paving slabs, no dye is required.
4. Next, you need to turn on the vibrator for 5-10 seconds. During this time, the concrete will cover the bottom with an even layer. The vibrations of the vibrating table top should be moderate.
5. Add concrete without pigment to the molds up to their edges. Turn on the vibrator for another 5-10 seconds. Excess concrete must be cut off with a metal corner, aligning it along the edge.
6. After filling the paving slabs with concrete and finishing the vibration, thoroughly smooth (trowel) the solution in the molds. If the amount of concrete is not enough, then you need to add it to the solution and rub it in without vibration. Place the smoothed shapes of the tiles on pallets in layers, laying each layer with sheets of plastic. The total number of layers should be no more than 10.
7. Cover the trays with filled forms with plastic wrap. This is to prevent it from drying out. They are allowed to be moved no earlier than 48 hours after the procedure for pouring the tiles.
8. Before knocking out tiles for sidewalks, it is necessary to heat them to 60-70 degrees Celsius in a water bath, keeping each one in it for no more than 2 minutes. The heated form is placed on a vibrating table for knocking out paving slabs. It should be noted that stripping without preheating shortens the life of the mold by approximately 30% and can lead to defective finished products, especially for thin tiles.
9. Drying of finished products under natural conditions occurs within 2 days. Pallets with products can be moved no earlier than 48 hours after pouring.
10. After stripping, the paving slabs are laid on Euro pallets face to face, tying them with packing tape. To ensure further hardening of the concrete and preserve the presentation of the products, they must be covered with polyethylene shrink or stretch film.
11. In summer, paving slabs are released when they reach 70% of the design strength, which approximately corresponds to 7 days of concrete hardening, counting from the moment of its manufacture. In winter, tempering must be done when 100% of the design strength is reached (28 days from the moment the concrete is prepared).

Preparation of pigment

Inorganic powder pigments must be mixed with water before use until a uniform, creamy consistency is formed. Then this mixture is infused in this form for at least 1 hour. This is necessary to increase the dispersion of pigments, the value of which characterizes the coloring ability of sidewalk tiles.

Remember that this is a rather expensive component of concrete; in addition, an increase in its content deteriorates the quality of concrete; therefore, a decrease in its proportion in concrete with sufficient saturation is desirable. This prepared dye can be stored for a long time, because... has a stable formula, but the color can become even brighter during storage, which makes its addition to paving slabs a little economical, because there will be an increase in pigment dispersion. Before adding concrete to the mixture, it must be mixed.

PS: Plastic molds for the production of paving slabs are usually washed in a weak solution of hydrochloric acid (5-7%). You can use higher concentrations, but this will be dangerous for you. After washing in acid, you need to rinse them with additional water.