Spruce ( Picea) is an evergreen coniferous tree, a symbol of the New Year. Belongs to the pine order, pine family, spruce genus. Spruce height can reach 50 meters, and the life span of a tree can be 600 years, although usually a tree lives up to 250-300 years.

Spruce - description, appearance, photo

In a young tree, during the first 15 years of growth, the root system has a rod structure, but then it develops as a superficial one, since the main root dies off as it grows older. In the first years of life, the spruce grows up and practically does not give lateral branches. The straight trunk of spruce has a round shape and gray bark, exfoliating into thin plates. spruce wood low-resinous and homogeneous, white in color with a slight golden hue.

The pyramidal or cone-shaped crown of spruce is made up of whorled-arranged branches growing almost perpendicular to the trunk. short spruce needles located on the branches in a spiral order and has a tetrahedral or flat shape. The color of the needles is usually green, blue, yellowish or dove. The needles remain viable for 6 years, and the fallen needles are renewed annually. Some insects are not indifferent to spruce needles (for example, nun butterflies) and eat the needles so much that brush shoots form on damaged spruce branches - very short and hard needles that look like brushes.

spruce cones have a slightly pointed, slightly elongated cylindrical shape. They can reach a length of 15 cm and have a diameter of at least 4 cm. A spruce cone is an axis, and a lot of covering scales grow around it, in the axils of which seed scales are located. On the upper part of the seed scales, 2 ovules are formed, endowed with a false wing. Spruce seeds ripen in October, after which the seeds are dispersed by the wind and remain viable for 8-10 years.

Types of fir trees, names and photos

Today, more than 45 species of spruce trees have been studied, growing in natural conditions and having a trunk height from 30 cm to 50 m, a different crown structure and various colors of needles. Among all representatives of this genus, the most famous are the following varieties:

• European (ordinary) spruce (Picea abies)

An evergreen coniferous tree, the average height of which is 30 m, but there are instances of 50 m in height. The crown of the spruce is cone-shaped, whorled branches of a drooping or prostrate type, the bark of the trunk is dark gray, begins to peel off with age in plates of small thickness. Spruce needles are tetrahedral, arranged in a spiral on spruce legs. Common spruce forms huge forests in the north-east of Europe, is found in the mountainous regions of the Alps and the Carpathians, in the Pyrenees and the Balkan Peninsula, in North America and central Russia, and even in the Siberian taiga.

• Siberian spruce (Picea obovata)

Tall, up to 30 meters tall tree with a pyramidal crown. The diameter of the Siberian spruce trunk in girth can exceed 70-80 cm. The needles of the Siberian spruce are somewhat shorter than those of the common spruce, and more prickly. Siberian spruce grows in the forests of the northern part of Europe, in Kazakhstan and China, on the Scandinavian Peninsula and in Mongolia, in the Urals and in the Magadan region.

• Oriental spruce (Picea orientalis)

The height of the tree varies from 32 to 55 meters, the crown is conical, with densely arranged branches. The bark of the spruce trunk is low-resinous, gray-brown in color, scaly. The needles are shiny, slightly flattened, tetrahedral, with a slightly rounded tip. Oriental spruce is widespread in the forests of the Caucasus and in the northern territories of Asia, forming pure massifs there, or found in mixed forests.

• Korean spruce (Picea koraiensis)

Quite a tall coniferous tree, reaching 30-40 m in height, with a grayish-brown trunk in color of the bark, with a girth of up to 75-80 cm. Under natural conditions, Korean spruce grows in the regions of the Far East, in China, in the Primorsky Territory and the Amur Region, in North Korea.

• Ayan spruce (small-seeded, Hokkaido) (Picea jezoensis)

Outwardly, this type of spruce is very similar to the European spruce. The pyramidal crown of the Ayan spruce has bright green, almost non-resinous needles with a sharp tip, the height of the trunk is usually 30-40 meters, occasionally up to 50 m, the girth of the trunk reaches a meter, and sometimes more. Spruce grows in the Far East region, in Japan and China, on Sakhalin and the territory of the Kamchatka Territory, in Korea and the Amur Region, in the Kuril Islands, along the coast of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and in the Sikhote-Alin mountains.

• Tien– shan spruce (Picea schrenkiana subsp. tianschanica)

Spruces of this species often reach a height of 60 m, and the trunk is 1.7-2 meters in diameter. The crown of the Tien Shan spruce is cylindrical, less often pyramidal. The needles are diamond-shaped, straight or slightly curved. A distinctive feature is the presence of anchor roots that are able to bend and cling tightly to stones or rocky ledges. Spruce grows in regions of Central Asia, is widespread in the Tien Shan mountains, and is especially common in Kazakhstan and the mountainous regions of Kyrgyzstan.

• spruce glen (Picea glehnii)

A coniferous tree with a very dense, cone-shaped crown. The height of the trunk is from 17 to 30 meters, the diameter varies from 60 to 75 cm. The bark is covered with scale plates, has a beautiful chocolate tint. The long tetrahedral needles are slightly curved, sharp in young trees and slightly blunt in mature specimens. The needles are dark green, with a bluish bloom, has a tart spruce aroma. Spruce Glen grows in Japan, in the southern regions of Sakhalin, in the south of the Kuril Islands.

• Canadian spruce (gray spruce, white spruce) (Picea glauca)

A slender evergreen tree, most often not exceeding 15-20 meters in height, the diameter of the Canadian spruce trunk in diameter is not more than 1 meter. The bark on the trunk is quite thin, covered with scales. The crown is narrowly conical in young specimens, and in adult fir trees it takes the form of a cylinder. The needles of spruce are long (up to 2.5 cm), blue-green in color, have a diamond-shaped cross section. Canadian spruce grows in the states of North America, often found in Alaska, Michigan, South Dakota.

• red spruce (Picea rubens)

An evergreen tree, from 20 to 40 meters high, however, under poor growing conditions, it can have a height of only 4-6 meters. The diameter of the red spruce trunk rarely exceeds 1 meter, and is usually 50-60 centimeters. The crown is cone-shaped, significantly expanding towards the base of the trunk. The needles are quite long - 12-15mm, practically do not prick, as it has a rounded tip. This type of spruce is common in England and Canada, grows in the highlands of the Appalachians and in Scotland, occurring almost along the entire Atlantic coast.

• Serbian spruce (Picea omorika)

An evergreen representative of coniferous trees, from 20 to 35 meters high, Serbian spruce trees reaching 40 meters in height are very rare. The crown was pyramidal, but narrow, and closer to columnar in shape. The branches are short, sparse, slightly raised upwards. The needles were green, shiny, with a slightly bluish tint, slightly flattened from above and below. This type of spruce is very rare: in its natural environment it grows only in Western Serbia and Eastern Bosnia.

• Blue spruce, she is prickly spruce(Picea pungens)

a very popular type of spruce, often used as an ornamental plant. Blue spruce can grow up to 46 meters in height, although the average tree height is 25-30 m, and the trunk diameter is up to 1.5 m. Needles 1.5-3 cm long come in different shades - from grayish green to bright blue. Spruce cones 6-11 cm long can be reddish or purple, becoming light brown when ripe. Blue spruce grows in western North America (from Idaho to New Mexico), where it is widely distributed on moist soils along the banks of mountain rivers and streams.

Dwarf spruce, varieties and types, names and photos

Among the huge variety of species and varieties of spruces, dwarf spruces are especially popular - amazing elements of landscape design and a wonderful decoration for every garden. Dwarf spruce is durable, unpretentious, easy to care for. These miniature trees amaze with the magnificence of shapes and colors and fit perfectly into rock gardens, rockeries, flower beds, Japanese gardens. Here are some types of dwarf firs:

Dwarf spruce Nidiformis (Nidiformis)

one of the forms of Norway spruce, a dense nest-like shrub with light green needles, grows up to 40 cm in height and no more than 1 m in width.

the result of a mutation of the common spruce variety Acrocona is an unusual plant of uneven shape, 30-100 cm high and 50 cm in diameter. Small pink cones that form on shoots of different lengths look especially picturesque.

Dwarf Blue Spruce Glauka Globoza (Glauca Globosa)

one of the popular types of blue spruce with a dense, wide-conical crown and light blue crescent-shaped needles. By the age of 10, the tree grows up to 3 m in height and gradually becomes almost round.

a very decorative conifer with a symmetrical pyramidal crown and two-color needles: the needles are dark green above and light blue below. The tree grows up to 3-3.5 m in height, and the diameter of the crown at the base is 2.5 m.

Prickly spruce dwarf Bialobok (Bialobok)

a unique spruce variety of Polish selection with blue, silver and golden shades of needles. The Christmas tree acquires a special decorative effect in spring, when young shoots of a whitish-cream color appear against the background of mature dark green needles. The height of the dwarf spruce is no more than 2 meters.

The northern boundary of its distribution is the line crossing the river. Aldan in its lower reaches (at 64 ° N) and overlooking the coast of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bOkhotsk at 59 ° N. sh., in the basin of the river. Pit (west of Magadan).

In the extreme northern regions of its distribution it occurs in small isolated patches. In particular, in the area adjacent to the Yamskaya tuba of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, its insular sections are found along the valleys of the Yama, Poperechnaya, and Nantes rivers. In the south of the Far East, it grows throughout the Amur region. South of the Amur, starting from the middle reaches of the Ussuri and further south, spruce is replaced by a species close to it - Korean spruce.

In this territory, the Siberian is distributed very unevenly, and in some places it is completely absent. To the north of the Amur, it is found in island areas, confined mainly to the valleys of large rivers, in the Amur region - in groups or individual trees, and mainly also in river valleys. As you move from west to east, its number drops markedly. In Kamchatka, Sakhalin, the Kuril and Shantar Islands, it does not grow under natural conditions.

Spruce rarely forms pure stands. Usually, together with larch, bud-scale fir, birch, ash, poplar and other species, it is part of the valley mixed plantations.

It is less common on mountain slopes than in valleys, and here it grows only in single specimens, rarely forming groups of trees, and almost never rises above 450-500 m above sea level.

Siberian spruce is demanding on soil fertility, soil moisture and air. Settles on fresh or even moist, deep and fertile loamy soils.

The most productive plantations with spruce are found in the area of ​​the Bureinsky mountains, along the upper reaches of the Selemdzhi and Bureya rivers. Trees reach a height of 35 meters or more and 100 cm in diameter. The crowns are narrow-pyramidal, densely branched. Due to damage to young shoots by late spring frosts, sometimes multitop trees appear. The bark from youth to old age is longitudinally fissured, flaky with oblong plates. At a young age, as well as in the upper part of old trunks, the bark is brownish-brown, light, and in old age it is dark brown. The young shoots are covered with short, reddish hairs, which is a hallmark of this type of spruce. The needles are 10 to 20 mm long, prickly, tetrahedral, dark green, without silver stripes on the underside.

Mature cones are oblong-cylindrical, 5-6 cm long, hanging, brown. The scales of the cones are wide, hard, smooth, with rounded, almost entire edges. Seeds dark brown, 4 mm long, wings 10-12 mm long. Trees growing in the open begin to bear fruit from the age of 15, and in the forest - from 25-30 years. Blooms in the south of the Khabarovsk Territory in late May - early June, in the northern regions - in the second half of June. Flowering lasts 10-15 days. The cones ripen in September. They should be collected immediately, since in a dry and warm autumn they open and lose seeds. Seed yield from cones -2-3%. 1000 seeds weigh 6-7 g.

In good conditions, Siberian spruce grows relatively quickly, overtaking Korean cedar. Lives up to 350-380 years.

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Grape

In gardens and home gardens, you can choose a warmer place for planting grapes, for example, on the sunny side of the house, garden pavilion, veranda. It is recommended to plant grapes along the border of the site. The vines formed in one line will not take up much space and at the same time will be well lit from all sides. Near buildings, grapes should be placed so that water flowing from the roofs does not fall on it. On level ground, it is necessary to make ridges with good drainage due to drainage furrows. Some gardeners, following the experience of their colleagues in the western regions of the country, dig deep planting holes and fill them with organic fertilizers and fertilized soil. Pits dug in waterproof clay are a kind of closed vessel that fills with water during the monsoon rains. In fertile land, the root system of grapes develops well at first, but as soon as waterlogging begins, it suffocates. Deep pits can play a positive role in soils where good natural drainage is provided, the subsoil is permeable, or reclamation artificial drainage is possible. planting grapes

You can quickly restore an obsolete grape bush by layering (“katavlak”). To this end, healthy vines of a neighboring bush are placed in grooves dug to the place where the dead bush used to grow, and sprinkled with earth. The top is brought to the surface, from which a new bush then grows. Lignified vines are laid on layering in spring, and green ones in July. They are not separated from the mother bush for two to three years. A frozen or very old bush can be restored by short pruning to healthy above-ground parts or pruning to the “black head” of an underground trunk. In the latter case, the underground trunk is freed from the ground and completely cut down. Not far from the surface, new shoots grow from dormant buds, due to which a new bush is formed. Grape bushes that have been neglected and severely damaged by frost are restored due to stronger fatty shoots formed in the lower part of the old wood and the removal of weakened sleeves. But before removing the sleeve, they form a replacement for it. Grape care

A gardener starting to grow grapes needs to study well the structure of the vine and the biology of this most interesting plant. Grapes belong to liana (climbing) plants, it needs support. But it can creep along the ground and take root, as is observed in Amur grapes in a wild state. The roots and the aerial part of the stem grow rapidly, branch strongly and reach large sizes. Under natural conditions, without human intervention, a branched grape bush grows with many vines of various orders, which comes into fruiting late and yields irregularly. In culture, the grapes are formed, give the bushes a form that is convenient for care, providing a high yield of high-quality clusters. Vine

Lemongrass

In the literature on climbing vines, the methods of preparing planting pits and the planting itself are unnecessarily complicated. It is proposed to dig trenches and pits up to 80 cm deep, lay drainage from broken bricks, shards, install a pipe to the drainage for food, cover it with special earth, etc. When planting several bushes in collective gardens, such preparation is still possible; but the recommended depth of the pit is not suitable for the Far East, where the thickness of the root-inhabited layer reaches 30 cm at best and it is underlain most often by impervious subsoil. Whatever drainage is laid, but a deep hole will inevitably turn out to be a closed vessel, where water will accumulate during the monsoon rains, and this will entail damping and rotting of the roots from lack of air. Yes, and the roots of actinidia and lemongrass vines, as already noted, are distributed in the taiga in the surface layer of the soil. Planting lemongrass

Chinese lemongrass, or schizandra, has several names - lemon tree, red grape, gomisha (Japanese), cochinta, kojianta (Nanai), kolchita (Ulchi), usimtya (Udege), uchampu (Oroch). In terms of structure, systemic relationship, center of origin and distribution, Schisandra chinensis has nothing to do with the real citrus plant lemon, but all its organs (roots, shoots, leaves, flowers, berries) exude the aroma of lemon, hence the name Schisandra. Lemongrass clinging or wrapping around a support, along with Amur grapes, three types of actinidia, is an original plant of the Far Eastern taiga. Its fruits, like real lemons, are too acidic for fresh consumption, but they have medicinal properties, a pleasant aroma, and this attracted a lot of attention to him. The taste of Schisandra chinensis berries improves somewhat after frost. Local hunters who consume such fruits claim that they relieve fatigue, invigorate the body and improve eyesight. In the consolidated Chinese pharmacopoeia, compiled back in 1596, it says: "Chinese lemongrass fruit has five tastes, classified in the first category of medicinal substances. The pulp of lemongrass is sour and sweet, the seeds are bitter-astringent, and in general the taste of the fruit is salty. Thus, It contains all five tastes. Grow lemongrass

Where is spruce used?
Siberian spruce is considered one of the most resinous tree species. It is spruce that gives the greatest yield of resin - resin, which is usually mined by tapping. However, this method has not found application on an industrial scale. This is due, first of all, to the fact that spruce is highly susceptible to all kinds of diseases, rot, which greatly complicates the process of tapping. That is why today, when extracting resin, preference is given to pine tapping, which also gives a fairly large yield of resin.
Spruce wood is characterized by relatively light weight, as well as good flexibility. That is why spruce is widely used for the production of wooden roofing materials, as well as curved products, such as arcs, hunting skis, etc.
Due to the special composition of wood, spruce has found its application in the production of paper. The fact is that spruce wood consists of fairly long tracheids, which is very much appreciated in this area of ​​production.
Spruce forests also have a colmatizing role, that is, they act as a natural filter for melt water, removing solid particles from them, thereby protecting water sources from pollution.

1. Botanical description
2. Places of distribution
3. Application
4. Reproduction methods
5. Landing
6. Features of care

Siberian spruce (lat. Picea obovata) outwardly resembles its closest relative, often forms hybrids with it. On closer examination, differences in the shape, length of needles, cones, and color of shoots are revealed.

Botanical description

Siberian spruce is the most frost-resistant species in the family. Most specimens easily tolerate prolonged cold below -45 ° C, successfully growing in regions with extremely low temperatures. These are straight-stemmed large slender trees 20–30 m tall.. The root system is branched, superficial, with underdeveloped central rods. The diameter of the trunks is 70–100 cm. The bark at a young age is light brown, thin. Over the years, it acquires a dark brown color, in the lower part of the trunks it becomes deeply furrowed. The upper layers are peeled off in thin plates. A distinctive feature of the species is short reddish hairs covering annual, non-lignified shoots.

The crowns of the trees are pyramidal, with clearly defined tops.. Due to severe frost damage to the skeletal branches, some specimens exhibit multi-apex. Lateral shoots are densely branched, starting low from the ground.

The needles are rigid, tetrahedral, 1.5–2 cm long, dark green, without stripes and veins. Many hybrid and transitional forms have bluish, bluish-green or golden needles.

The cones of the Siberian spruce are smaller than those of the common spruce: 5–6 cm long, wide, dark brown, with rounded scales. Ripen in September. Seeds are dark gray, about 4 mm, with thin light wings.

Siberian spruce is more demanding on soil composition than other northern trees. It is moisture- and light-requiring, sensitive to high gas pollution of the surrounding air. Life expectancy is 350–380 years. Fruiting of trees begins from 15–20 years. Forest specimens reach maturity later, by 25–30 years.

Places of distribution

In the wild, this type of spruce is distributed in the northern part of Europe, the Urals, Western and Eastern Siberia, in the Amur region, Mongolia and Northern China. In the valleys it forms pure forest plantations, adjacent to,. On the mountain slopes, the species grows singly, rarely rises above 450 m above sea level. Prefers well-moistened fertile soils.

In the north of the Far East, insular areas, continuous forest plantations are rare. In Kamchatka, Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, Siberian spruce is introduced; it does not occur in the natural environment.

Application

Siberian spruce belongs to slow-growing species, listed in the Red Book. Cutting is rarely done.

The wood is sapwood, long-grained, almost white in color, with distinct growth rings, contains little resin, and is relatively soft. It is used in the production of furniture, turning products, finishing materials, paper, cellulose, charcoal, alcohol, acetic acid.

Siberian spruce needles contain a valuable essential oil used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic industry, and traditional medicine. Biologically active substances have a powerful anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effect, help with diseases of the musculoskeletal system, respiratory organs, digestion, skin, and mucous membranes.

Siberian spruce - a valuable ornamental plant. It decorates parks, gardens, city streets. Thick needles emit phytoncides that purify the air from harmful microorganisms. The resinous aroma of firs improves mood. Being close to trees is useful for people suffering from infectious pathologies, nervous disorders, and a breakdown.

Reproduction methods

For planting on a personal plot, it is better to purchase seedlings in a nursery or try to root a lignified shoot of an adult tree. The cuttings must be at least 20 cm long. They are transplanted into open ground in June.

Landing

Spruce is a large freedom-loving tree. You can not plant it closer than 4 m from the walls of buildings, fences. Places with shallow groundwater will not work. You also need to avoid proximity to fruit plants.

Work should be carried out in autumn. Pits are prepared with a width and depth of about 1 m. The distance in group plantings is 3–4 m. Sand, peat, hardwood, superphosphate are added to heavy soil. High acidity is neutralized with lime.

20 cm of drainage are placed at the bottom of the pits, half covered with soil. The roots are positioned so that the neck is flush with the surface. You can not strongly compact the soil when planting. Immediately after placing in the ground, the tree is watered.

Features of care

It is necessary to feed spruce 1-2 times per season, introducing complex mineral supplements under the root. After the plant is recommended to be watered.

In the first 5 years, spruce must be moistened every week from April to September. Requires 10-15 liters of water. The exception is the period of heavy heavy rains.

Young shoots are sensitive to frost. If you want to keep the dense crown as much as possible in extreme cold, you need to wrap the trees in burlap.

Drying branches must be removed so as not to provoke the development of diseases.. To prevent fungal infections, you can sprinkle the branches with dry wood ash. Crown insecticides should be sprayed at least once a month.

Spruce is the most numerous tree species in the Siberian taiga. It flaunts both in winter and in summer with the dark green color of the needles, which stay on the branch for about eight years. The sun's rays hardly make their way through the density of spruce paws. Spruce needles do not need bright sunlight, so its branches practically do not shed their greenery.

The article provides information about the Siberian spruce: photos, places of growth, characteristics and features.

General information about spruce

Spruce is a slender, tall, monoecious tree with a dense pyramidal crown. The bark of young plants is rough, gray with a reddish-brown tint. On old trees, the bark is flaky, thin.

Branching in spruce, unlike fir, is rather irregular. The kidneys do not have resin. Sharp, often tetrahedral needles (rarely flat) are spirally arranged. Falling off, they leave a narrow outgrowth in the form of a pillow, separated by noticeable grooves. Needles, as noted above, usually stay on branches for up to 9 years.

The male cones sit in the axils of the needles, which are located on last year's shoots, while the female cones hang down and have wide, scale-shaped seeds narrowed towards the base, small coverings. The latter first pour ripe seeds, and then they themselves fall from the branch. The seeds are oval in shape, with a large, easily falling wing.

Varieties

Before we move on to a more detailed description of the Siberian spruce (the photo is presented in the article), we will consider the varieties of the plant.

Spruce belongs to the genus of coniferous evergreen trees (pine family). The entire genus includes about 45 species. To a greater extent, these plants are common on the plains and in the mountains of the temperate zone of the territories of the Northern Hemisphere. The center of species diversity is the mountains and plains of western and central China. The most famous species are Siberian, Sikhtinskaya, rough and black.

Spreading

The name of the genus comes from the Latin "pix", which translates as "resin", which most of these plants contain and secrete. They are the most important forest-forming species of dark coniferous forests growing in various climatic zones. According to the conditions and place of growth, the following species are distinguished.

In Central Asia, Europe and the Caucasus, the most common are:

• Ordinary or European.
• Finnish.
• Balkan or Serbian.
• Caucasian or Eastern.
• Tien Shan or Schrenk.

In the Far East, the Urals and Siberia, the most famous are:

• Siberian spruce (photo and description in the article).
• Iaison or Ajan.
• Glen.
• Korean.

Grow in North America:

• White or Canadian
• Engelman.
• Sitka.
• prickly.
• Black.

Pure stands of fir trees are rare. Usually they grow together with fir, larch, ash, birch, poplar and other tree species. Less common on mountain slopes, more often in valleys, but only in solitary specimens. Spruces practically do not rise above 500 meters above sea level.

Description

Siberian spruce is a kind of evergreen coniferous plants (Pine family). It grows up to 30 meters in height. The thickness of the trunk is approximately 70 centimeters in diameter. Spruce quickly grows in places with good lighting. The bark of this species is cracked, gray in color.

The crown is narrow-pyramidal or pyramidal. Unlike European spruce, Siberian spruce has shortened needles, which are distinguished by a higher causticity. Her cones are brown, with rounded, convex scales. At the age of more than 15 years, spruces give a harvest about once every 3-5 years.

Flowering occurs in May-early June, and seeds ripen in late August. Ripe nuts from the cones are poured out only in the spring of the next year.

Places of growth

Siberian spruce (photo presented in the article) is a rather large tree, which is the northernmost inhabitant among its species. It grows throughout northern Europe (including Scandinavia) and Siberia (up to Magadan). You can meet her in Northern Manchuria, and in the coldest territories of Mongolia. The species of this spruce is forest-forming for many Siberian regions. Often this tree is a companion species in mixed forests.

Siberian spruce is of great importance for the timber industry in Russia.

Botanical classification

Often this variety of spruce forms a hybrid with Norway spruce. The Siberian spruce of this subspecies is called Finnish. Due to the similarity of the genetic code and the ease in the formation of hybrids, they are sometimes combined into one species. The Siberian differs from the common one in a noticeable lower polymorphism.

In total there are 2 varieties: Pechora spruce and Siberian blue spruce. And in the Sverdlovsk region, another new form of this plant species was found - habitus, which differs sharply from the typical one in a number of ways. It has a pronounced narrow-columnar shape of the crown and a drooping spiral shape of the branches. This new form is usually called, according to the place of its discovery and form, the Siberian spruce "Uralskaya fastigiata".

A little about useful properties

Siberian spruce needles contain flavonoids, resins, phytoncides, tannins and minerals, as well as a large amount of ascorbic acid.

Green unripened cones contain anthocyanins, tannins are contained in the bark, and 8 lignan compounds are released in the wood.

Siberian spruce needles have choleretic, diaphoretic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antiscorbutic effects. Means from it have a bactericidal effect, and they are also able to improve hematopoiesis and regulate metabolism.