All-Russian Congress of Soviets A country RSFSR Conference hall Bolshoi Theatre, Moscow Term - July 10 Previous Congress IV All-Russian Congress of Soviets Next Congress VI All-Russian Congress of Soviets Dominant party RKP(b)

V All-Russian Congress of Soviets(Fifth All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers, Soldiers, Peasants and Cossacks), - July 10, Moscow.

Composition of the Congress

The congress was attended by 1,164 delegates with a casting vote:

• 2 representatives of national groups (“Dashnaktsutyun”, Poalei Zion);
• 10 non-party members.

Around 6 pm on July 6, 1918, the Left SR faction was arrested in connection with events known as the Left SR Uprising. Along with the Social Revolutionaries, representatives of other parties, except the Bolsheviks, were also arrested. The third and fourth meetings of the Congress took place under the absolute dominance of the Bolsheviks.

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Congress delegates in front of the Bolshoi Theater

July 4 - 5

The first meeting began on July 4 at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, the Congress was opened by Chairman Ya. M. Sverdlov. After discussion, the order of the day proposed by the CEC was adopted:
1) Reports of the Central Election Commission and the Council of People's Commissars (speakers V.I. Lenin and Y.M. Sverdlov);
2) Food issue (A. D. Tsyurupa);
3) Organization of the socialist Red Army (L. D. Trotsky);
4) Constitution of the Russian Republic (Yu. M. Steklov);
5) Elections of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.
The resolution adopted at the end of the first meeting (drafted in advance, even before the start of the Congress) stated: the exclusive right to resolve all issues related to war and peace belongs to the All-Russian Congress of Soviets and the authorized bodies of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars; People's Commissar for Military Affairs L. D. Trotsky to be instructed to clear the Red Army units of provocateurs and “mercenaries of imperialism”; send an emergency commission to Kursk-Lgov to suppress provocations and establish order.

The second meeting was opened under the chairmanship of M. M. Lashevich on July 5, 1918. The problems of Ukraine (partially occupied by German troops) were discussed; constitutions; the death penalty (repeated mentions of this issue were met with cries from the audience “Down with the death penalty!”; Sverdlov made a speech about the need for this measure, he was objected on behalf of the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries by M. A. Spiridonov, speaking out for revolutionary terror, but against the death penalty); peasant issues (Spiridonova criticized Bolshevik policies in the countryside); then a detailed speech by Lenin, touching on many issues and met with thunderous applause; then the speech of the left Socialist-Revolutionary Kamkov and lengthy disputes on the issue of the Brest-Litovsk Peace Treaty and the calls of the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries for its rupture.

July 6 - 8. Break in the work of the Congress

On July 6, 1918, at about three o'clock in the afternoon, the left Socialist Revolutionaries Yakov Blumkin and Nikolai Andreev carried out the murder of the German ambassador Count Mirbach, entering the embassy mansion using forged documents and fleeing the scene of the crime. Thus, with the help of a terrorist act against the “agents of imperialism,” the Central Committee of the Left Socialist Revolutionaries hoped to influence the policy of the Soviet government, which could not be changed in a legitimate way - to provoke Germany to break the Brest-Litovsk Treaty and force the Bolsheviks to abandon the “shameful policy of conciliation.” Chairman of the Cheka F. E. Dzerzhinsky, who arrived at the headquarters of the Left Socialist Revolutionaries to arrest the terrorists, was himself arrested. In connection with these events, at about six o'clock in the evening on July 6, the entire Left Socialist Revolutionary faction was arrested at the Bolshoi Theater, as well as representatives of other parties, except the Bolsheviks (450 people in total).

Just then Trotsky or Vladimir Ilyich called - I don’t remember - and said that Latsis should remain in the Cheka, and I, along with others, went to the Bolshoi Theater and arrested the Left Socialist Revolutionary faction. We went to the theater... One of us went on stage, announced that the Bolshevik faction was meeting, and that all the Bolsheviks left the theater. When leaving, we established a document check and initially only released communists. But, of course, very soon this trick was discovered by the Socialist Revolutionaries and others, but they did not react to it in any way... Then they began to let people in based on recommendations, based on documents. In the end, left Socialist Revolutionaries, internationalists and non-party members remained in the theater. I remember that some of them were worried and asked what this meant, since the situation was unknown to them.

Until late in the evening, the isolated Left Social Revolutionaries held meetings, resolved organizational issues, re-elected the faction bureau and adopted a declaration on the murder of Mirbach, which they intended to read after the resumption of the Congress, then sang revolutionary songs and finally settled down to sleep. At this time, an armed confrontation was unfolding in Moscow. By dawn on July 7, the uprising of the Left Social Revolutionaries was suppressed. On the night of July 8, the arrested Left Social Revolutionaries were disarmed and moved to the Maly Theater, since the work of the Congress was to resume at the Bolshoi Theater on July 9.

July 9 - 10

The third meeting began on July 9 at 14-30 under the chairmanship of Sverdlov. Trotsky was the first to speak with a report on the events that had just occurred in Moscow, sharply condemning the actions of the Left Socialist Revolutionaries and declaring: “this party killed itself on the days of July 6 and 7 forever.” The Party of Left Socialist Revolutionaries, its fate and the relationship of the Bolsheviks to the Left Socialist Revolutionaries were one of the main subjects of discussion, and sharply negative assessments were expressed. The Congress decided to exclude from the Soviets the Left Socialist Revolutionaries who supported the political line of the Central Committee of their party, and to leave opportunities for cooperation for those organizations of the Left Socialist Revolutionaries that “renounced” their Central Committee. In addition to this issue, at the third meeting the food issue was again raised. At the end of the day, I. A. Teodorovich announced a resolution from the Bolsheviks on the fight against hunger, which was adopted.

The fourth meeting began at 3:15 a.m. on July 10, chaired by V. A. Avanesov. The following were heard:
1) report of the Credentials Committee (speaker V. N. Maksimovsky);
2) Avanesov’s proposal to cancel the resolution on the roll-call vote;
3) Trotsky’s report on the organization of the Red Army.

Notes

Links

• Verbatim report on the website of the State Public Historical Library
• Resolution of the V All-Russian Congress of Soviets “On the organization of the Red Army”

Chronology of the 1917 revolution in Russia
Before: Anti-Bolshevik

He announced the “Week of the Trade Union Movement,” during which it was necessary to carry out explanatory work on the importance and role of trade unions in the fight against economic devastation, their participation in the organization of production and industrial management.

To guide this campaign, a Central Commission was created under the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions, which recommended that all provincial trade union councils, industry committees, and factory committees during the “week” organize meetings with reports from plant managements and factory committees, hold city cultural and educational festivals, open vocational schools, labor palaces, workers clubs, libraries, special exhibitions on the history of the trade union movement and their modern activities.

“The Week” was an important factor in intensifying the activities of trade union bodies, reviving the intra-trade union life of factory collectives, improving the preparation and holding of general working meetings, and the deployment of industrial propaganda in the pre-congress period.

The IV All-Russian Congress of Trade Unions took place on May 17-25, 1921. More than 3,000 delegates (555 of them non-party members) gathered in Moscow on Bolshaya Dimitrovka in the building of a branch of the Bolshoi Theater in these May days to discuss the main tasks of the most massive organization of workers and employees in the context of the emerging new economic policy, which was perceived very ambiguously in Soviet society . Having emerged victorious in the Civil War, the Soviet government, experiencing enormous difficulties, persistently sought a way out of the current situation. In this situation, V.I. Lenin placed special hopes on the trade unions, especially on the IV All-Russian Congress. By the beginning of the congress, the country's trade unions numbered 8.4 million members.

The agenda of the congress included the most pressing issues of trade union activity during this period: trade unions and economic construction; tariff policy and material supply of workers; trade unions and cooperation; occupational Safety and Health; cultural and educational work and others.

// (p. 144) The discussion of the first issue was relatively calm and the proposed resolution “Trade Unions and Economic Construction” did not cause any particular emotions, since it, like similar resolutions at previous congresses, contained a set of general phrases and provisions. It was adopted unanimously. What was new was that the resolution spoke of the need for “a close connection between industry and the peasant market, which will provide the necessary food for workers and raw materials for factories and factories. This can be achieved if our industry turns its face to the countryside.” Further attention was paid to “the revival and strengthening of small-capitalist tendencies (handicraft industry, civil cooperation, free trade), linking our industry with the international market...”.

At the congress it was noted that the new economic policy approved by the X Congress of the RCP(b) should become the main direction of all activities of trade unions and it was important that it be supported by trade union leaders. The events associated with the discussion about trade unions and especially the suppression of the Kronstadt uprising, which left a deep imprint on the consciousness of workers and employees of the Soviet Republic, were still fresh in the memory of many. The slogan “For the Soviets, but without Communists,” which was advocated by the Kronstadt sailors and workers, continued to remain relevant and found sympathy and support among the country’s population and the trade union masses.

The trade unions during this period clearly expressed, in contrast to the party leaders, their own special approach on issues of tariff policy, wages, strengthening the role of inter-union bodies, especially on the relationship between party and trade union bodies.

Excessive party tutelage, direct dictatorship and interference in resolving organizational and personnel issues of trade unions on the part of party bodies caused serious dissatisfaction among trade union leaders. V.I. knew this well. Lenin and the Politburo of the Party Central Committee.

Therefore, in order to avoid any excesses at the trade union congress, the Politburo created a special commission to conduct the congress, which included G.E. Zinoviev, V.M. Molotov, I.V. Stalin, V.M. Mikhailov and M.P. Tomsky. The commission prepared in advance draft resolutions on all the main issues to be discussed at the congress.

On the eve of the opening of the congress, on May 16, at the morning meeting of the communist faction, the candidacies of 17 communists and two non-party members to the presidium of the congress were approved, and the agenda was approved. The calm discussion of the rules of work of the congress did not cause concern to I.V. Stalin, sent by the Politburo of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) to direct the work of the congress. After listening to reports on the work of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions at the evening meeting, the bureau of the faction M.P. Tomsky and about the organizational // (p. 145) work of V.V. Schmidt, he left the congress, instructing V.M. Molotov, secretary of the party Central Committee and member of the organizing bureau, to listen to the speeches of the communist delegates and their assessment of the resolutions on the reports.

But late in the evening Stalin decided to call V.I. Lenin and report your impressions. The text of the telephone message (it was received on May 16 at 22:20), naturally, was not known to the delegates.

More recently, the famous Moscow historian-researcher of the Russian trade union movement, associate professor of the Academy of Labor and Social Relations N.D. Zvereva discovered this strictly secret telephone message in the former party archive, which said: “I was at the faction of the Congress of Unions. Listened to Tomsky's general report and Schmidt's organizational report. Both reports are average, giving reasons for bashing. I was not present at the debate because I had to leave for a meeting of the Council of Nationalities at 10 o'clock. Molotov, who has given his word to stay until the end of today's meeting, will tell you about the debate. The debate will be concluded and the resolution will be introduced tomorrow. The temporary presidium was elected according to the well-known proposal. Judging by the general impression, there will be no major complications, but the apparatus of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions will be improved. Stalin."

But later the unexpected happened at the congress; a real drama broke out around the resolution on the report, which cost the trade unions dearly. True, the broad masses of trade union members did not know about this drama.

An event occurred that heated the situation at the congress.

After the end of the debate, the faction adopted a resolution, not prepared in advance by the commission of the Central Committee of the party, but proposed by D.B. Ryazanov. It, in particular, spoke about party dictatorship and pressure from the central bodies of the party on the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions and trade unions in general, expressed demands for the party’s non-interference in the current work of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions and the creation of “normal methods of proletarian democracy” in the selection of leading trade union cadres who are capable of independently, without party guardianship, systematically and calmly manage the multifaceted activities of trade unions. As for tariff policy and wages, Ryazanov and his supporters believed that in conditions of low purchasing power of the ruble, payment in kind should be the main form of remuneration in order to ensure the normal performance of workers. Lenin considered such proposals unrealistic given the scarcity of material resources in these conditions.

In addition, at the faction meeting, the delegates became aware of serious disagreements between the bureau of the Communist faction of the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions and members of the Politburo of the party Central Committee when determining speakers for the IV Congress of Trade Unions. The All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions provided for speeches on the most important issues by famous trade unionists A.A. Andreeva, A.3. Goltsman, V.V. Kosior and others // (p. 146) who until recently shared the views of Trotsky and the “workers’ opposition.” The Politburo of the Party Central Committee saw factionalism in these proposals and decided to change the list of speakers. The bureau of the Communist faction of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions, which met on May 3, did not agree with this decision, saying that the change of speakers would disorganize the work of the congress.

M. Tomsky then managed to defend at a meeting of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the party the decision of the bureau of the communist faction of the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions (which J.V. Stalin would later remember in his speech on May 18).

On the opening day of the congress, May 17, delegates observed a strange picture: Chairman of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions M.P. Tomsky, after a short greeting, disappeared from the presidium and did not appear in the hall. V.V. made a report on the work of the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions. Schmidt. At the same time, many delegates were outraged by the fact that the leaders of the party and the All-Russian Central Executive Committee were absent from the official opening of the congress at the plenary session. The delegates saw this as revenge for the resolution adopted by the communist faction.

In fact, at this time, members of the Politburo were deciding the fate of Tomsky, Ryazanov and other trade unionists who opposed the Party Central Committee.

At a hastily convened plenum of the Party Central Committee, the situation at the congress was discussed. He instructed Lenin, Bukharin, and Stalin to speak at a meeting of the congress communist faction and condemned Ryazanov’s resolution and the behavior of Tomsky, who was supposed to submit a draft resolution prepared by the Central Committee commission to the faction’s discussion. However, Tomsky did not do this and did not oppose Ryazanov’s resolution. The Plenum created a special commission consisting of I.V. Stalin, M.V. Frunze, A.S. Kiselev and F.E. Dzerzhinsky, who was tasked with investigating the facts and determining disciplinary measures against M.P. Tomsky.

Speech by I.V. Stalin took place on May 18 at the morning meeting of the congress committee. According to eyewitnesses, Stalin was furious and hurled thunder and lightning.

Former head of the cultural department of the Petrograd Council of Trade Unions, who was a delegate to the congress, A.M. Durmashkin writes in his memoirs: “Stalin’s speech did not contain sufficient argumentation on the essence of the issue and was made in harsh, irritated tones, replete with rude personal attacks against Tomsky, Ryazanov, and the faction itself. This caused protests, shouts, and nervousness in the hall. In response to the remarks of Ryazanov, who was sitting on the side of the stage, Stalin, instead of essentially criticizing him, rudely threw in his direction: “Shut up, you buffoon.” Ryazanov jumped up and responded in kind. Stalin's speech caused even greater tension among the delegates. For his administrative attack and rudeness towards the congress delegates, he received the caustic nickname “profgussar.”

V.I. was no less irritated. Lenin. He spoke at the evening meeting of the faction of communist delegates to the congress, gathered in the premises // (p. 147) of the Zimin Theater (now the operetta theater). But this was a completely different speech - reasoned and specific.

Speech by V.I. Lenin was not recorded in shorthand. The content can be judged from its outline, which was published for the first time in 1959 in Lenin's collection XXXVI.

It was brief, and it contained the following words: “[...] 2. The resolution of the Central Committee and its COVERUP. 3. Ryazanov and his role (Ryazanov’s anti-party resolution.) […] 4. Tomsky and his mistake or crime?”

IN AND. Lenin managed to convince the delegates of the fallacy of the positions of Ryazanov, Goltsman, Larin and others on issues of wages and their payment in kind, the introduction of which was mentioned in Ryazanov’s resolution, as well as tariff policy. Lenin believed that “bonuses in kind should be considered not as a basic supply, but as an additional one for increased labor productivity.”

Of course, the motives for Tomsky’s behavior were not known to the delegates of the congress; he could not explain them, since the Politburo of the Central Committee of the party removed him from participation in the work of the congress and relieved him of his post as chairman of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions.

As it became known later, M.P. Tomsky passed the resolution to member of the presidium of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions A.I. Ginzburg not as a directive of the Central Committee, but as a resolution by G.E. Zinoviev, supported by the Petrograd delegation. D.B. took advantage of this. Ryazanov, in his speech to the communist delegates, spoke in favor of strengthening the independence and initiative of trade unions under the conditions of the NEP, paying more attention and persistence in resolving social issues, as well as protecting the class interests of workers in private and state enterprises with the introduction of economic accounting and especially changing the style and methods of relations between trade unions and the party.

Suggestions by D.B. Ryazanov found the support of the communist delegates and 1,500 people voted for his resolution, 30 were against.

On May 18, as already noted, a plenum of the Central Committee of the party was held, at which the fate of M.P. was decided. Tomsky, D.B. Ryazanov and other trade union leaders. At the plenum, as Brichkina, an employee of the Secretariat of the Council of People's Commissars, recalls, “V.I. Lenin angrily accused Tomsky of treason, deceit, and anti-party behavior.”

The plenum of the Central Committee of the party severely punished Tomsky, releasing him from the post of chairman of the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions, and sent him to Turkestan as chairman of the tourist commission of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. Ryazanov was prohibited from working in trade unions and speaking at any trade union meetings or conferences. // (p. 148) Other prominent trade unionists were also punished. The plenum condemned Artyom (F. Sergeev), Shlyapnikov, Kutuzov, who, while present at the meeting of the congress committee, did not condemn Ryazanov’s resolution.

Lenin's Politburo could triumph. All resolutions prepared by the commission of the Central Committee of the party were adopted by the delegates of the congress. The post of chairman of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions at the congress was abolished, and a new composition of members of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions, carefully selected by the Central Committee of the party, elected the governing body of the trade unions - the secretariat, headed by Ya.E. Rudzutak.

Thus, the trade unions learned a serious lesson. Many trade union leaders were released from union work during the purge of trade union bodies in 1921-1922.

As for the future fate of M.P. Tomsky, he was returned to work at the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions in September 1921.

At the end of the congress, a qualitative change in the political position of the Bolsheviks in the governing bodies of trade unions became obvious.

Firstly, a clear technology for making the most important decisions on intra-trade union issues was developed. First, the Central Committee of the party develops a fundamental decision, then the communist faction assumes the function of carrying out this decision through voting, then the delegates “formalize” with their participation the decision already adopted by the Central Committee.

Secondly, those trade union leaders who hoped to retain the opportunity to express an opinion different from the line of the Central Committee were clearly shown a mechanism for removing dissenters from the trade unions.

The resolutions adopted by the congress emphasized that the system of relations between the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions and the Central Committee of the party, which had developed before the congress, was further developed. This was especially reflected in the trade union cadres. Created after the congress, a special commission of the Party Central Committee to verify and update leading trade union cadres, headed by A.A. Andreev stated that “a significant part of the trade union cadres, due to being clogged with people from petty-bourgeois parties (Mensheviks, Socialist-Revolutionaries, Bundists), cannot ensure a radical restructuring of the entire work of trade unions.” Therefore, as noted already at the XI All-Russian Party Conference, the urgent task of the party is the selection of leadership personnel for trade unions, that “the task of strengthening the trade unions with the help of our party should be set by all party organizations on an equal basis with strengthening the leading party bodies.”

At the same time, party experience for secretaries and chairmen of the central bodies of trade unions was provided for no less than pre-October 1917, for members of the presidium - no less than three years, in provincial trade union councils for secretaries and chairmen - no less than three years, for members of the presidium - no less than two years.

// (p. 149) The IV Congress of Trade Unions overwhelmingly adopted a resolution on the report of S.A. Lozovsky “On the role and tasks of trade unions”, which ended the break of the trade unions. The resolution proclaimed the fallacy of the ideas of “independence”, the independence of trade unions, that their destiny was to be a powerful basis for the dictatorship of the proletariat. As the Pravda newspaper noted during the congress, trade unions, being the transmission belt from the party to the masses, must work under the leadership of the party both ideologically and organizationally.

The Fourth All-Russian Congress of the United Russian People (All-Russian Congress of Russian People) was held in Moscow on April 26 - May 1, 1907. It was conceived as a grandiose manifestation of monarchists, as a kind of symbol of victory over the turmoil. An unprecedented number of delegates arrived at the congress - approx. 900, and from almost all of Russia: from capitals, central provinces, the Volga region, the Caucasus, Kholm Rus, Siberia. The congress was truly a people's congress - almost 2/3 of its participants were peasants. On the eve of the congress on April 25, Rev. I. Vostorgov consecrated the banners of monarchist organizations, of which there were more than 130. The congress opened with a religious procession, which began immediately after the liturgy served in the church of the Diocesan House of Fr. Vostorgov. The procession proceeded to the Kremlin, where it led to the scene of the murder. book “Eternal memory” was sung for Sergei Alexandrovich. On that day, in the Assumption Cathedral, the liturgy was celebrated by Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna Vladimir (Epiphany) in the concelebration of Bishops of Oryol and Sevsk Seraphim (Chichagov), Tambov Innocent (Belyaev) and Moscow vicar bishops of Dmitrov Trifon (Prince Turkestanova), Mozhaisk Seraphim (Golubyatnikov) and Serpukhovsky Anastasia (Gribanovsky). At the end of the liturgy, the Metropolitan consecrated the icon of the Intercession, built in pursuance of the decision of the Third All-Russian Congress of Russian People in Kyiv on October 1-7. 1906 by icon painter V.P. Guryanov under the direction of artist V.M. Vasnetsov for the Congresses of the United Russian People. From the Assumption Cathedral the procession of the cross was already led by Metropolitan. Vladimir moved through the Spassky Gate to Red Square, where at the monument to Kozma Minin and Prince. A liturgy was served to Dmitry Pozharsky with the proclamation of “eternal memory” to these saviors of the Fatherland. Then a prayer service was held at the Iverskaya Chapel, and Met. Vladimir left the procession. Next, the procession of the Cross, now led by Bishops of Oryol and Sevsk Seraphim (Chichagov) and Serpukhov Anastasius (Gribanovsky), passed along Tverskaya to the house of the Governor-General, and a patriotic manifestation took place there. Surrounded by adjutants, the Governor-General and his family came out onto the balcony to greet the monarchical procession and proclaimed a toast to the Emperor, who was greeted with a friendly “Hurray!” and singing the national anthem. A deputation consisting of Prince separated from the procession. A. G. Shcherbatov, V. A. Gringmut and A. I. Dubrovin, who, having entered the house of the Governor-General, turned to him with a request to express to the Sovereign the loyal feelings of the congress delegates. Next, the procession along Tverskaya and Dmitrovka headed again to the Diocesan House, where the bishop's speeches were made in the lobby. Seraphim and A.I. Dubrovin. In short, the congress began on a high note.

Prince was elected chairman of the congress. A. G. Shcherbatov. The order of the congress was thought out to the smallest detail: in the morning, departmental meetings were held at the Continental Hotel, in the afternoon lectures and reports were given at the Historical Museum, and in the evening, literary and musical evenings were held in the Hall of the Noble Assembly on Dmitrovka. The congress organized departments on key issues of modern politics: state security, school, land and resettlement, workers, peripheral, Jewish and the issue of unifying monarchist organizations. Prominent figures of the Orthodox-monarchist movement made presentations at the general sessions: B.V. Nazarevsky “State Security”, L.A. Tikhomirov “Social Activities of Youth”, book. A. G. Shcherbatov “The Money Question”, A. S. Shmakov “The Tyranny of Freedom”, G. V. Butmi-de-Katzman “A Practical Method for Resolving the Jewish Question”, L. N. Bobrov “A New Method for Resolving the Jewish Question”, V. M. Purishkevich, as well as A. I. Dubrovin, V. A. Gringmut, Fr. I. I. Vostorgov, K. P. Stepanov, D. A. Khomyakov and other outstanding figures of the monarchist movement. During the congress on April 28. The Temple-Monument of Russian Sorrow was founded on the Khodynka Field, dedicated to the memory of the leader. book Sergei Alexandrovich and intended to perpetuate the murdered royal servants faithful to duty and oath. The temple was created at the expense of the honorary member of the Russian Monarchist Assembly I. A. Kolesnikov. The temple was built quickly and was consecrated on April 5. 1909 in honor of the image of the Mother of God “Tenderness”. Icons for the temple were painted by famous masters V. M. Vasnetsov and V. P. Guryanov.

A large number of clergy were present at the Congress. 28 Apr OK. 20 priests, mostly rural, held a pastoral meeting of priests, which was presided over by Bishop. Seraphim. Also within the framework of the congress on April 29. The 1st congress of representatives of the Union of Right-wing Russian Press was held.

The congress adopted resolutions on issues discussed in the departments. In a resolution on the issue of state security, the congress called for the dissolution of the Duma in order to restore order. Taking into account the unsuccessful experience of the two Dumas, the congress advocated changing the election law so that the future State Duma would not be a legislative body, but a legislative advisory body and would be formed according to the same principle as the State Council: from a combination of elections, lots and Tsar's appointment. The congress proposed, until the country was completely calmed, to establish a governor-general, introduce martial law, and restore the operations of military courts. An indispensable condition for ensuring state security, the resolution noted, is the disarmament of “Jewish self-defense” units and the legalization of Russian security squads placed under government control. The resolution also proposed to decisively curb the liberal and revolutionary press, eliminate the institution of elected justices of the peace, and prohibit Jews, as organizers and active participants in the riots, from military and civil service, joining the bar, maintaining banks, and acquiring land.

In the resolution on the school issue, the congress advocated that religious, moral and national education be given first place in education. The conditions for the normalization of school affairs are the elimination of the autonomy of educational institutions, which contributes to their politicization, the creation of Russian national universities, and the transfer of lower schools from zemstvos to the hands of the government. Of the public schools, in the opinion of the congress, parochial schools are the most desirable, provided their material condition improves. The congress spoke in favor of Jews studying in their own schools, created with their money, but these schools should be under government supervision.

The resolution on land and resettlement issues proclaimed that the task of state land management is “strengthening and raising the well-being of the indigenous Russian population in the places of their settlement and throughout the entire Russian Empire.” The resolution stated that the land issue can be resolved fairly and harmlessly only by the Sovereign Emperor, with the help of the Zemsky Sobor, made up of Orthodox and Old Believers, without infidels and foreigners. The congress advocated that the peasant class be preserved in its everyday integrity, that a barrier be put in place against the purchase of land (especially by Jews), that the community be preserved as the protector of peasants from landlessness, but at the same time all peasants were given all the benefits of personal land ownership. It was proposed to supplement free exit from the community with an indispensable condition - the sale of land only to the community or to individual community members. Under the influence of landowners, the congress decisively spoke out for the “inviolability of private land ownership,” despite the fact that the peasants expressed wishes for the alienation of privately owned lands for compensation. The congress proposed merging the Noble and Peasant Banks into a single State Land Bank.

The resolution on the work issue turned out to be the largest in volume. This emphasized the importance of the issue. The congress declared that the situation of Russian workers and artisans “must be recognized as especially difficult.” The situation is especially difficult where foreigners own enterprises, but it is worst of all when the administration consists of Jews, which is typical for the west and south of Russia. The administration, hostile to everything Russian, often belonging to anti-government parties, very often initiated workers' strikes. Due to the dominance of foreigners and Jews in the market, the situation of Russian artisans became unbearable. Added to all these circumstances is the imperfection of factory legislation, which does not provide for many cases when the state and factory owners must help workers. From this statement, the congress concluded that Russian workers need to unite in economic societies and unions, politically based on the principles of Orthodoxy, Autocracy and Nationality. The purpose of these unions should be to take care of the practical needs of the workers. Every monarchical organization needs to create an information and reference bureau. For self-activity of workers and improvement of their well-being, a small loan is needed. Factory legislation needs to be improved. It is necessary to assist artisans in organizing the sale of their goods, snatching them from the clutches of buyers and creditors. The congress appealed to the government to come to the aid of the Russian worker before self-organization of the Russian workers took place. The congress paid special attention to the need for counter-propaganda among the workers, for which it was proposed to supply the workers with patriotic brochures, newspapers and books. The congress spoke in favor of a special workers' congress from all unions and societies of Russian workers for a special discussion of the economic problems of Russian workers.

The resolution on the outlying issue practically repeated previous decisions on this issue, which testified to the unchanged position of the monarchists on national problems. Proclaiming the unity and indivisibility of Russia, the congress resolutely spoke out against any autonomies, which are nothing more than attempts to dismember Russia. While advocating “common principles” in peripheral politics, the congress quite realistically spoke out for taking into account local characteristics. However, in all cases the principle must be observed: “When determining the rights of individual nationalities, it is necessary to comply with the readiness of each of them to serve Russia and the Russian People in achieving national principles.” For this, an indispensable condition is that the policy of the outskirts be national-Russian, firm and consistent in the desire to unite the outskirts with the center. And this means: 1) Orthodox Russian people should be at the head of the management of the outskirts; 2) the official language in the outskirts should be only Russian - as the language of power, administration, troops, courts and schools; 3) government schools should not only provide knowledge, but also instill in foreigners that first of all they are Russian people, and then Finns, Poles, Latvians, etc.; 4) the court, as a powerful means of spreading national citizenship on the outskirts, must be Russian; 5) the law, army, police and monetary system must be common; 6) The Orthodox Church, as the dominant one throughout the Empire, must be present on the outskirts; 7) church brotherhoods in the outskirts should have the status of religious-state institutions and take care of orphans from mixed marriages; 8) the authorities must take care of strengthening Russian land ownership in the outskirts. The congress also decided to petition for the establishment in St. Petersburg of a society that would defend the interests of Russian statehood and the Russian population on the outskirts.

In the resolution on the unification of patriotic unions, the congress introduced changes to the decisions taken at the Kiev Congress. The Main Council turned out to be a non-viable body. Therefore, the congress decided: “In view of the predominant importance of the Union of the Russian People (RRN), which currently has more than 900 departments, this Union is given the responsibility for the possible unification of the remaining monarchist organizations.” However, the congress only recommended that other organizations enter into negotiations with the RNC. The decisions of the Main Council of the RNC were accepted for execution only by its departments, and only taken into account by the rest. It was decided to rename the regional councils into provincial councils of the RNC. It was decided to convene All-Russian congresses by mutual agreement of the monarchist organizations of St. Petersburg and Moscow. The Congress created a Commission to amend the Charter of the United Russian People, consisting of: Prot. I. I. Vostorgova, book. M. L. Shakhovsky, A. I. Dubrovin, V. M. Purishkevich, V. A. Gringmut and A. A. Chemodurov.

The congress adopted a special resolution “Eternal memory of the martyrs who fell in the fight against sedition.” The brief resolution “On the Jewish Question” noted: “By ruining the country with unrest that lasted 3 years, taking the main part in the revolution that weakens the Russian People, the Jews at the same time strive to bring them to complete economic enslavement.” The Congress recognized the need to beat the enemy with his own weapons, namely: if the Jews continue hostile actions against the Russian People, apply their tactics to themselves - declare a boycott of the Jews. The Congress adopted a special resolution on the formation of the All-Russian National Fund to provide material support for the protection of the interests of the Russian People. The Congress elected the Board of the Foundation consisting of: Prince. A. G. Shcherbatov, A. I. Dubrovin, V. M. Purishkevich, prot. I. I. Vostorgov, P. A. Krushevan and V. A. Gringmut. In connection with the First All-Russian Congress of the right-wing Russian press, a resolution was adopted in which it was decided to appeal to all monarchical unions with a request to assist in the creation of the Union Fund to support press organs that defend the original Russian principles.

In addition to the resolutions, the congress adopted several most comprehensive telegrams on some pressing issues. The Emperor answered two of them. He, in particular, wrote: “I sincerely thank the members of the Fourth All-Russian Congress of Russian People for their ardent feelings of love and devotion, I wish them peaceful and fruitful work for the benefit of our dear, long-suffering Motherland.”

At the end of the congress on May 2, 150 delegates went to the Trinity-Sergius Lavra to venerate the relics of St. Sergius of Radonezh. A memorial service was served there for Vel. book Sergei Alexandrovich and everyone who died from sedition for the Faith, the Tsar and the Fatherland. The congress was assessed by monarchists as very successful. It was held with great enthusiasm from the forum participants and guests. There was a feeling of complete victory over the turmoil. One of the participants in the monarchical forum, Fr. P. N. Levashov formulated his impressions of the congress as follows: “The Orthodox people have stirred up!”

Stepanov A.

Materials used from the site Great Encyclopedia of the Russian People - http://www.rusinst.ru

Literature:

Most humble telegrams and resolutions of the Fourth All-Russian Congress of the United Russian People in Moscow (April 26 - May 1, 1907). M., 1907;

Resolutions of the Fourth All-Russian Congress of the United Russian People in Moscow. Saratov, 1907;

G. P. (Levashov, Fr. P. N.). Under the impression of the Moscow Congress of the United Russian People. St. Petersburg, 1907.

Read further:

Jewish pogroms, whose organization is attributed to the Black Hundreds.

Main events of 1906(chronological table).

Russia in the first years of the 20th century(chronological table).

Abbreviations(including a brief explanation of abbreviations).

On April 26, 2017, the regular IV All-Russian Congress of self-regulatory organizations based on the membership of persons performing engineering surveys and self-regulatory organizations based on the membership of persons preparing project documentation was held at the Radisson Slavyanskaya Hotel (Moscow, Europe Square, 2) (NOPRIS).

Currently, NOPRIZ consists of 229 self-regulatory organizations (SROs). 195 delegates took part in the work of the Congress, which ensured quorum and legitimacy of decision-making.
The participants of the congress were greeted by:
- Mikhail Aleksandrovich Men, Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation;
- Alexey Yuryevich Russkikh, First Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Transport and Construction;
- Marianna Alekseevna Klimova, head of the state construction supervision department of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision;
- Nikolai Ivanovich Shumakov, President of the Union of Architects of Russia, President of the Union of Moscow Architects;
- Kudryavtsev Alexander Petrovich, vice-president of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences;
- Volkov Andrey Anatolyevich, rector of MGSU;
- Vasily Aleksandrovich Klimenov, vice-rector for scientific work of Tomsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering.
Opening the meeting, M.A. Men noted that thanks to the productive dialogue and joint work of the Ministry and the professional community, we can talk about the effective promotion of the most difficult stage of reforming self-regulation in construction: “Today, the institution of self-regulation, including in the construction industry, is undergoing serious changes. Self-regulation is being systematically improved, changes to the basic law on SROs have been prepared, and changes to the Town Planning Code have been adopted. These measures are being taken to restore order in the SRO system. New requirements for participants in the self-regulatory system will allow them to take their work to a qualitatively new level and increase confidence in the SRO institution.”
He explained that we are talking, first of all, about the procedure for placing and investing funds from SRO compensation funds and the qualifications of specialists in the field of engineering surveys and architectural and construction design.
The Minister drew the attention of all participants of the Congress and the leadership of national associations to the fact that ensuring the safety of the funds of prospectors and designers, contributed by them as contributions to the communal funds, is a priority both for existing SROs and in case of their exclusion from the register.
“National associations must take all necessary measures to return funds from the compensation funds of liquidated SROs and immediately transfer them to companies accepted into the new SRO,” the Minister emphasized.
He clarified that these mechanisms are enshrined in the relevant decree of the Russian Government on the procedure for national associations to send demands for the transfer of funds from the comp fund of an SRO excluded from the state register, and for the investment of funds from the compensation fund for damages to a self-regulatory organization.
In his speech, the head of the Russian Ministry of Construction also touched upon the topic of urban development: “A large-scale project to modernize cities is being developed in Russia. A number of positive trends have already been formed: new housing formats have appeared, modern construction technologies are being used, projects with bright architectural and urban planning solutions are appearing.”
According to him, on the agenda today is the task of more active application of advanced international experience and replication of the best Russian practices. In this regard, the role of people involved in design and engineering research is seriously increasing. “We really count on the support of the professional community in this direction,” said M.A. Men.
Having concluded his speech, the Minister presented representatives of the design and survey community with gratitude from the Ministry of Construction of Russia for the success achieved in their work and high production indicators.
On behalf of the Tomsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, the President of NOPRIZ, Mikhail Mikhailovich Posokhin, was awarded a Diploma of awarding the title of Honorary Doctor of the University.

After the completion of the greetings and award ceremonies, the Congress began to implement its agenda.
M.M. made a report. Posokhin: “The main event of 2016 for our professional community was the meeting of the State Council of the Russian Federation on the issue “On the development of the construction complex and the improvement of urban planning activities in the Russian Federation” chaired by the President of the country Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin. The National Association of Surveyors and Designers actively participated in the preparation of materials for the State Council, and I personally took part in its meeting.
On June 11, 2016, the President of the Russian Federation signed a list of Instructions based on the results of the State Council, which actually determined the strategic directions for the development of the design and construction complex for the coming years. There are 25 orders in total. The National Association of Surveyors and Designers implements the instructions of the President related to the field of engineering surveys and architectural and construction design.
Of particular importance for all of us is Federal Law No. 372-FZ, adopted in July 2016, concerning issues of improving the self-regulatory system.
In the process of its preparation, it was possible to defend the positions of the professional community, self-regulatory organizations - members of the National Association of Surveyors and Designers and to avoid regionalization.
The most important thing that we have achieved through the joint efforts of the Russian Ministry of Construction, NOPRIZ and NOSTROY is that we have preserved the system of self-regulation and received additional rights and powers.
I. Work with self-regulatory organizations. Implementation of the provisions of Federal Law No. 372-FZ
Today, NOPRIZ includes 229 self-regulatory organizations, uniting more than 60 thousand survey and design organizations operating in the Russian Federation.
On a regular basis, public events are held for self-regulatory organizations and their members: round tables, seminars, conferences, and work is underway on appeals received by the Association.
In 2016, 76 thematic events were held in all regions of the country. NOPRIZ organized and took part in 17 conferences; 44 round table meetings, 4 all-Russian forums; 2 international congresses, as well as in events organized as part of the federal and regional Builder's Day.
A total of 8 district conferences were held in 2016. I would especially like to thank the Coordinators of the National Association for Federal Districts for their work.
Successfully held district conferences are an indicator of the coordinated work of self-regulatory organizations that are part of the National Association of Surveyors and Designers, and confirmation of the viability of the Institute of Coordinators created by NOPRIZ.
District conferences, held on the eve of the IV All-Russian Congress of the National Association of Prospectors and Designers, unanimously approved the work of NOPRIZ in 2016 and supported the draft Cost Estimate for 2017, taking into account the costs of creating and maintaining a national register of specialists. The necessary procedures have been carried out to rotate members of the NOPRIZ Council and nominate candidates for members of the Audit Commission. In some districts, members of the district control commission are elected.
In 2016, 6 meetings of the Council of the National Association of Surveyors and Designers were held, at which decisions were made on more than 60 issues initiated by appeals from public authorities, district conferences, Coordinators, and Committees.
There were 12 NOPRIZ Committees functioning and 80 meetings were held. At the meetings of the Committees, more than 160 draft normative legal and regulatory technical documents, methodological and other materials were reviewed and opinions were issued on them.
Since the adoption of Federal Law No. 372-FZ “On Amendments to the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation and certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation,” the National Association of Surveyors and Designers has been providing self-regulatory organizations with active methodological assistance on issues of its implementation.
The Association received more than 600 questions regarding the implementation of Federal Law No. 372, for each of them clarifications were given, received, among other things, thanks to the effective cooperation of the National Association with the Ministry of Construction of Russia and Rostechnadzor.

A section “Implementation of the provisions of Federal Law No. 372-FZ” has been created on the official website of NOPRIZ, which contains, among other things, explanations of the norms of the Federal Law, recommended forms of documents of a self-regulatory organization, information about ongoing events, as well as a “Questions and Answers” ​​section.
In addition, a printed collection of questions and answers has been published, containing all requests from self-regulatory organizations received by NOPRIZ and clarifications from federal executive authorities and the national association.
To provide practical assistance to surveyors and designers, the National Association published three editions of the “Collection of explanations, questions and answers on architectural and construction design and engineering surveys arising during pre-design and design preparation of construction.”
In 2016, work continued to monitor the activities of self-regulatory organizations, including identifying violations provided for by the Urban Planning Code.
As a result of the monitoring, 75 information letters and notifications about identified violations were prepared and sent to 42 self-regulatory organizations. It was largely possible to achieve high-quality results in eliminating violations in the SRO thanks to the close cooperation of NOPRIZ with Rostechnadzor.
Over the past year, 9,887 notifications of changes in information in the unified register of members of self-regulatory organizations were received and processed.
A total of 4 self-regulatory organizations were excluded from the state register. Of these, one SRO was excluded in 2016. This year, the NOPRIZ council decided on the possibility of excluding 4 SROs from the state register. I would like to remind the heads of self-regulatory organizations of the need, in accordance with Federal Law No. 372-FZ, to confirm the status of an SRO before July 1, 2017, with the provision of the relevant documents to NOPRIZ and Rostekhnadzor.
In 2017, the National Association of Surveyors and Designers began developing a National Register of specialists in the field of engineering surveys and architectural and construction design. A special section has been created on the NOPRIZ website in which all documents related to this work are posted. Since April 25, 2017, the National Register began operating in test mode.
II. Interaction with the Ministry of Construction of Russia
The close and productive interaction of the National Association of Surveyors and Designers with the Ministry of Construction of Russia is largely due to the active position of the Minister - Mikhail Aleksandrovich Men. For which I want to express my personal gratitude to him.
In development of the directions of the Cooperation Agreement with the Ministry of Construction of Russia in 2016, NOPRIZ took part in the development and discussion of the most important changes in the urban planning legislation of the Russian Federation, including those aimed at improving the institution of self-regulation, the system of technical regulation, estimate regulation and pricing.
At the proposal of NOPRIZ, a Coordination Council for interaction with national associations of self-regulatory organizations in the field of construction was created under the Ministry of Construction to organize interaction between national associations and federal executive authorities.
Pursuant to the instructions of the President and Government of the Russian Federation, the National Association of Surveyors and Designers was involved in the work of bringing technical regulation documents in the field of architectural and construction design into line with modern requirements.
As a result, draft Concepts for improving the system of technical standards and technical regulation in the construction industry and a “road map” for its implementation were prepared, discussed with the professional community and sent to the Russian Ministry of Construction.
The main direction of this work is to create conditions for the innovative development of the construction industry through improving the system of technical standardization and technical regulation.
In 2016, NOPRIZ initiated the development of the project “Concept of a draft regulatory legal act on approval of requirements for the composition and content of justification for investments in the construction (reconstruction) of capital construction projects.”
In total, over the past year, more than 200 requests in the field of regulatory and technical regulation, including those received from the Russian Ministry of Construction, were reviewed and processed.
In order to enhance the role of the architect and support highly qualified architectural personnel, we are working on the preparation of a bill “On architectural activities in the Russian Federation”. Representatives of professional public associations were involved in the work on the bill: the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences, the Russian Union of Builders, the Union of Architects of Russia, and the National Chamber of Architects. The developed Concept is supported by the professional community and will soon be sent to the Russian Ministry of Construction.
I would like to emphasize the active position of the National Association of Surveyors and Designers in working with the deputy corps of the State Duma. Representatives of NOPRIZ took part in the work of specialized Committees, Expert Councils and working groups of the State Duma.
III. Issues of additional professional education, retraining and advanced training
A significant role in the activities of NOPRIZ is occupied by the formation of a modern system of additional professional education, retraining and advanced training of professional personnel in accordance with the concept of continuous professional education adopted by the Russian Government.
In July 2016, the Federal Law “On Independent Assessment of Qualifications” was adopted, establishing a national qualifications system. In pursuance of the requirements of this law, a Commission on professional qualifications in the field of engineering surveys, urban planning and architectural and construction design began work in NOPRIZ under my leadership.
The commission approved an industry qualifications framework in the field of architectural and construction design and engineering surveys, and developed professional standards, including “Architect”, “Geological Engineer”, “Geodesist Engineer”. An examination of the federal educational standards of higher education in the areas of “Architecture” and “Urban Planning” was carried out.
Currently, 26 professional standards have been developed in the field of engineering surveys and architectural and construction design. Another 22 standards require development.
The National Association of Surveyors and Designers regularly interacts with specialized higher education institutions and takes initiatives to support them. I took part in a meeting that Mikhail Aleksandrovich Men held on April 6 of this year with the rectors of the country’s leading architecture and civil engineering universities. As a result, it was decided to contact the Ministry of Education and Science with a request to allocate additional budget places in specialized higher educational institutions as part of the 2018 admission period.
Separately, I would like to thank the management and teaching staff of the Moscow State University of Civil Engineering and the Tomsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering for their cooperation. NOPRIZ thematic round tables, exhibitions, and meetings with students are regularly held at universities.
IV. Information openness
Decent attention is paid to the information openness of the activities of the National Association and the popularization of the most important topics in the industry. Current industry issues are covered on the pages of electronic and print media, in interviews with leading federal television channels, published on the NOPRIZ website and the pages of the official printed publication of the Association - “NOPRIZ Bulletin”. The website of the National Association is visited by an average of 2,500–3,000 people per day.
The National Association of Surveyors and Designers annually successfully holds the NOPRIZ Professional Competition for the best innovative project, then throughout the year a traveling exhibition of winning projects operates in all federal districts. This year the Competition will be focused primarily on the competition of projects created with the participation of university students and young professionals, including those original projects that are aimed at the future and have not yet found real implementation.
Currently, the National Association of Surveyors and Designers has concluded 12 agreements with state and executive authorities, national associations, autonomous institutions and universities. Including, in 2016 the following were signed: Cooperation Agreement with the State Committee of the Republic of Bashkortostan for Construction and Architecture; Cooperation agreement with FAU "RosKapStroy"; Cooperation agreement with the NP “National Association of Organizations in the Field of Energy Saving and Energy Efficiency Improvement”.
In 2017, we plan to develop interaction with government authorities of countries that are members of the Commonwealth of Independent States.
V. Main activities of the National Association of Surveyors and Designers for 2017
In order to develop the self-regulatory system, the following tasks were identified as the main ones in 2017:
- increasing the reputation of the self-regulatory institution;
- creation and organization of work of qualification assessment centers, as well as regional examination centers;
- development of professional standards in the field of engineering surveys and design;
- formation of the National Register of Specialists;
- participation in the formation of state policy in the field of technical regulation, pricing, examination of design documentation of the results of engineering surveys, including with the aim of accelerating the implementation of scientific and technological progress;
- ensuring the implementation of information modeling technologies at all stages of the life cycle of a building and structure;
- increasing the role of design and survey activities.
The list of priority areas of the National Association of Surveyors and Designers for 2015–2019 can be found in the handouts for the Congress.
Dear delegates of the IV All-Russian Congress!
In conclusion, I would like to note that the professional community, represented by national associations, self-regulatory organizations and their members, is capable of solving problems of any complexity provided for by law, making decisions and implementing them.
Once again I would like to thank the Ministry of Construction of Russia and other relevant ministries, the State Duma, Rostekhnadzor, the National Association of Builders, specialized universities for their cooperation - everyone who contributed to the development of the industry of engineering surveys and architectural and construction design!
We are ready and will continue to work on the implementation of the tasks set by the President and the Government of Russia to improve urban planning activities in the Russian Federation.”
During the congress, eight issues were considered: approval of the Council’s report for 2016; approval of the report on the implementation of the Estimate for 2016, as well as accounting (financial) statements for 2016; making changes to the regulatory documents of NOPRIZ; election of members of the Council and members of the Audit Commission; appointment of the audit organization NOPRIZ and approval of the Cost Estimate for 2017. Positive decisions were made on all issues.
The following were elected as members of the Council by secret ballot:
– Alpatov Sergey Nikolaevich - Northwestern Federal District;
– Belov Igor Anatolyevich - Far Eastern Federal District;
– Bulavin Viktor Anatolyevich - Southern Federal District, North Caucasian Federal District;
– Vronets Alexander Petrovich - Moscow;
– Zhdanova Natalya Vladimirovna - Moscow;
– Kogai Vadim Savelievich - Northwestern Federal District;
– Nazimov Alexander Borisovich - Ural Federal District;
– Fokin Alexander Nikolaevich - Central Federal District;
– Sharunova Irina Germanovna - Volga Federal District;
– Shumakov Nikolay Ivanovich - Moscow.
At this point the Congress completed its work.