The verb to come is one of the most common verbs expressing movement. Unlike the verb to go, which means “movement from some object,” the verb to come is responsible for “movement towards some object.” Here is a list of its lexical meanings:

In addition, the verb to come is found in a large number of set expressions and is the basis for a huge number of phrasal verbs, which are discussed below. However, first of all, you should learn the features of the grammatical forms of this verb.

Grammatical features of the verb to come

The verb to come belongs to a large and very important group of irregular verbs. The table below shows the three main forms to be memorized, since it is these forms that underlie many other forms of the verb to come and do not follow the rules of formation:

The verb to come belongs to number, that is, it does not use the direct and has no forms. The tense forms of the active voice of the verb to come are presented in the following table:

Set expressions with the verb to come

Phrasal verbs with the stem to come

As can be seen from the information provided, this verb has a lot of useful meanings. Try to make friends with the verb to come, and it will help you out more than once in any speech situation, be it complex or simple.

In today's material we will look at the phrasal verb come. This is an irregular verb, that is, the formation of the past tense of the II and III forms of the verb does not occur according to the usual rules, when the ending -ed is added to the word, but is formed according to special rules that need to be known by heart - come - came - come. The main meaning of the verb come is come, arrive, arrive.

• We are closed, come tomorrow. - We are closed, Come Tomorrow.

But depending on the context, it can acquire variable shades of meaning, the translation of which cannot be translated by an online dictionary.

Join

• We'll go for a walk. Do you want t o come ? - We're going for a walk. Want join?

Reach, take a position

• If Alex comes first, he‘ ll win a grand for study. – If Alex will take first place (comes first), he will win a training grant.

To be a consequence, to attack(after something)

• The rainbow almost always comes after the rain, when it‘ s sunny. – A rainbow almost always appears (comes) after rain, when it is sunny.

To be available, to be available

• The dress comes in red, green and blue. –Dress available V red, green And blue flowers.

get around, stand

• This flat comes much expensive, we can not allow it now. - This apartment it will cost too expensive, we can't afford it now.

In addition, there are more than 30 combinations that produce phrasal verbs with adverbs and prepositions, and which can take on the most unexpected meanings. Exercises will help you determine the specific meaning of the phrase.

The phrasal verb come is one of the most difficult to learn, because, depending on the verbal environment, it can take on a lot of meanings: from get sick(come down with ) before come up with anything ( come up with ).

Let’s look at the most popular combinations “verb + adverb” and “verb + preposition”, which will help you learn to understand your interlocutor when communicating. Next, do strengthening exercises.

COME ABOUT

To appear, to arise

• The idea traveling around the world came about when I saw the beauty of the nature of my own country. –Idea travel around peace arose , When I saw beauty nature own countries.

COME ACROSS

Accidentally meet, stumble upon

• I came across this book by chance, but it changed all my life. –I accidentally I stumbled on this book, But she changed all mine life.

To be understood, to be perceived

• It was very difficult to come across his mind. –Was Very difficult his understand .

To make an impression, to appear

• He comes across as handsome and kind man, but it‘ s just a mask which hides his true face. - He Seems a sweet and kind person, but this is just a mask that hides his true face.

convey, express(thoughts, ideas)

• Can you come across clearer? –You you can express yourself clearer?
• I don't always come across with consistency.– I don’t always express my thoughts consistently.

Fork out, be generous

In this meaning, phrasal verbs come + across used colloquially when talking about money.

• Do you want this dress? Come across! You can't deprive yourself of such pleasure. –You Want This dress? Fork out ! You can't deprive yourself of such pleasure.

COME AFTER

Ppursue

• The murderer came across him from the station, waiting a perfect moment to attack. –Murderer pursued his from stations, waiting ideal moment For attacks.

COME ALONG

Accompany someone , keep company

• I‘ m going to meet with Tim, come along with me. - I'm going to meet Tim, make up to me company.

get better, get better

• Doctor said that I come along , so I can get back to work. - The doctor said that I I'm getting better, so I can get back to work.

The verb is used colloquially to mean good, stop, that's enough.

• Oh, come along! – Enough for you.

COME APART

Rcollapse, fall apart

• The house came apart at the seams. –House was falling apart on eyes.

COME AROUND

Come in, come in

• Next week I‘ ll be in London and try to come around to Susan. - I'll be in London next week and try stop by to Susan.

advance, take place

• The day of wedding came around so quickly, that I even had not time to recognize my decision. –Day weddings arrived So fast, What I even Not managed realize yours solution.

Change your mind

• John came around after conversation with Sally. –John changed solution after conversation With Sally.

synonym: change one's mind

The phrasal verb come around is also used in maritime vocabulary to mean “ turn right." In the modified form come round/ to is used to mean come to life(after fainting, illness).

• Katy couldn't‘ t came round after Harry‘ s death for a long time. – Katie couldn’t for a long time recover after Harry's death.

COME BACK

Come back

• Come back soon, I‘ ll miss you. – Come back rather, I will miss you.

COME BETWEEN

Interfere(about relationships)

Never come between lovers, you‘ ll be bad anyway. - Never interfere in a relationship between lovers, you will be bad in any case.

COME BY

Get it

• Don‘ t you know where the cheapest tickets come by ? – You don’t know where you can get it cheapest tickets?

Come in

The meaning came from the design-Americanism. More used in conversational form. Can be used as a synonym for come around.

• I made cakes by mom's recipe. Would you like come by ? – I baked cupcakes according to my mother’s recipe. Do not want come in?

COME DOWN

To go down(from the top floor, tree, mountain)

• Kids, come down. The dinner is waiting for you. –Children, come down . Dinner is waiting for you.

decrease

• I always buy shoes at the end of the season when the prices come down. – I Always I'm buying shoes V end season, When prices decrease .

Fall

• The old tree came down from wind in the central square, but no one hurts. - Old tree fell from the wind in the central square, but no one was injured.

COME DOWN WITH

Zget sick

• Many children came down with flu this autumn. –Many children got sick flu this in autumn.

COME DOWN ON

Criticize, condemn

• Don't dare come down on me! –Not dare condemn me!

COME FORWARD

Intercede, protect, give information

• He asked about help, but nobody wanted to come forward . - He asked for help, but no one wanted speak up in defense.

COME FROM

To occur, to be born

• Nick comes from Greece. – Nick originally from from Greece.

COME IN

To come in

• Come in and take your sit. –Come in and take your place.

Come in power

• They came in to develop our company. - They came to power to develop the company.

COME OF

To be a result, to follow from something

• Don't give up. I think something good will come of it. - Do not give up. I think from this it will work out something good.

COME OFF

Peel off, fall off

• It's time to change the wallpaper. It comes off . - It's time to change the wallpaper. They peel off.

COME ON

To advance, to approach

• The winter comes on. We must think how to pay for the flat. –Winter approaching . We have to think about how to pay for the apartment.

Move forward, make progress

• How does the work on your thesis coming on? – How progressing Job above yours dissertation?

Also a combination Come on! used colloquially to mean come on, do it, decide, quickly etc.

COME OUT

Go out, go out, be in public

• I'll be soon. I'm come out. – I soon will. I I'm going out.

Go out, realize yourself, publish(about a book, TV series, album)

• I’m waiting when the new season “Game of Thrones” comes out. – I I am waiting, When will come out new season « Games thrones».

COME OVER

Leave, move(to another country)

• Maggie came over to Italy many years ago. –Maggie moved V Italy a lot of years that.

To be perceived, to make an impression

• No one could came over him what he was. - No one could perceive him the way he was.

COME THROUGH

endure, endure, pass(through something)

• She came through the loss and disappointment, how could she believe in the light future after that? –She survived losses And disappointment, How she could believe V light future after this?

COME TOGETHER

Unite

• The best way to get a win – come together. – Best way win – unite .

COME UP

Rise, increase

• The world ocean level is coming up because of global warming. –World sea level rises due to global warming.

Rise, stand on your feet

• He came up very quickly. –He got up very fast.

Be mentioned

• Dr. Smith, it’s an honor for us to meet you. We came up about your works yesterday. – Doctor Smith, it is an honor for us to meet with you. We mentioned your work yesterday.

Approach(about the event)

• The storm is coming up. We need to hurry up. –Storm approaching . We need to hurry up.

COME UP AGAINST

confront, confront

• When it seems that you come up against with insuperable difficulties, remember the way that you already went through. It‘ ll help you to find strength. – When it seems that you collided with insurmountable obstacles, remember what you have already been through. This will help you find strength.

COME UP WITH

Come up with(something)

• Good job, Den! You come up with a great idea. –good Job, Dan! You filed great idea.

COME UNDER

Be subjected to(attack, criticism, pressure)

• All our actions come under cruel criticism of jealous people. - All our actions are exposed harsh criticism from envious people.

In order to express several different actions, sometimes there is no need to use many verbs, since many of them are capable of conveying different shades and states, usually expressed by prepositions. One of these words is the irregular verb come, which is one of the most common lexical units that display action. Accordingly, the forms of the verb come, as well as the maximum possible shades with it, need to be considered in more detail.

Basic characteristics of the verb

Numerous examples of expressions with come prove that this word is capable of expressing not only its main meaning - “to come, to come” - but also many others.

This structure is pronounced simply: the pronunciation of both main varieties of English (British and American) in this case is the same. The transcription will be as follows: .

This form has no modal shades, but as for the phrasal meaning, here you can find a lot of translation options, and most cases will have nothing to do with each other:

• Why did he decide to come out? –Why He decided publicly speak?
• Don't try to come up with an idea, just follow the instructions attached –Not try come up with new idea, Just follow attached instructions

Temporal verb forms

The conjugation of this verb is characterized by non-standard formation of forms; Other irregular verbs have the same feature. As in most other situations, the second and 3rd forms will not coincide, and the 3rd form of the verb is characterized by duplication of the first. More simply, you can display the entire circuit like this: come – came – come.

It is logical to assume that this action word has three main time frames: Present, Past and Future. It is worth noting that there is no special structure for the future tense; the form will remain first. The past tense forms the 2nd form of the verb – came:

• He came late yesterday, which was strange enough –Yesterday He came late, What was enough Weird
• They came last week, and tomorrow they are returning home– They arrived last week and tomorrow they plan to return home

• Has he already come along with us? –He already agreed With us?

In addition, there is a long verb form come, which is formed by adding the ending –ing:

• Is aunty coming with us? –Auntie coming With us?
• Don't open the door, they're coming – Not open door, They are coming

Interrogative sentences

This verb does not have the ability to act as an auxiliary, it can only be independent. Consequently, the rule for forming a question does not provide for the placement of this verb in the first place, as is the case with auxiliary verbs or modals. In such sentences it will come after the subject, and the first place will be taken by either an auxiliary or an additional question word:

• Did you come across him in that center? –You I stumbled on him V volume center?
• Why has Jake come? No one has invited him –Why came Jake? Nobody invited him

Negative sentences

The situation with denial is the same as with questions. Due to the fact that this lexical unit does not have an auxiliary meaning, simply adding the particle not to it will not work. In order to correctly compose a negative sentence, you need to use a suitable auxiliary verb, adding not to it:

• He didn't’ t come over us as he had a lot to do with his job– He didn’t join us because he had a lot of work-related things to do.
• Susie will not come , I suppose, so we can start without her- I guess Susie won't come, so we can start without her.

Like Phrasal verb

As already mentioned, the verb come can be part of many set expressions. Being a full-fledged phrasal verb, this structure takes on different meanings and translations depending on the preposition that is adjacent to it. Among the popular sustainable designs with this word are the following:

All these specific features make this verb a special verb with many possible meanings and the ability to be used in a wide variety of tense forms. Knowing these nuances will help you diversify your speech with various set expressions and get as close as possible to the level of a native speaker.

Today in our article we will introduce you to one multifunctional word: came (come). This verb has different forms depending on tense, is used in a variety of phrasal structures and deserves our close attention.

General concept of a verb

First of all, it is necessary to describe its main qualities as a simple semantic verb that performs the function of a predicate in a sentence. As a semantic verb, come is translated “to come, to come,” but this is not the entire list of possible options. So that you can see how different the translation of a given word in a sentence can be, we offer several examples:

• He comes here every day. - He comes here every day.
• I will come in 2 days. - I I'll come in 2 days.
• She came to some unknown organization. - She entered to an unknown organization.
• It always comes in the night. - It always appears at night.
• This dress comes to your bag. - This dress fits to your purse.

Came (come) is an irregular verb, but for those learning English, it means a lot. This means that when forming temporary formulas, he uses his own forms, and does not obey the general rule. So, in the table where all such words are entered, three options are given: come-came-come.

• I came here yesterday. - I came here yesterday.

By type, this verb is weak. Thus, when forming negative and interrogative sentences, he needs the help of auxiliary verbs. Depending on the time, the do, does or did assistants are selected.

• They didn't come to the party. - They didn't come to the party.
• When does Ben come to work? - When does Ben come to work?

In addition to performing a simple semantic function, this verb can be used as part of a phrase. There are many set expressions in which we observe its presence, and the translation of these sentences does not always coincide with the main meaning.

• Please, come back and I will forgive you. - Please come back and I will forgive you.

Temporal forms of the verb come with examples

There are four different groups of tenses in English:

• indefinite - Indefinite,
• long - Continuous,
• completed - Perfect,
• completed continuous - Perfect Continuous.

As already mentioned, the came/come form also changes depending on time. The verb is modified according to the following formulas:

Each of the formulas is applied strictly according to the rules for forming tenses:

• I come here every Tuesday. - I come here every Tuesday.
• We came here every Tuesday. - We came here every Tuesday.
• We will come here every Tuesday. - We will come here every Tuesday.
• At the moment she is going inside. - She is coming in at this moment.
• At that moment she went inside. - She was coming in at that moment.
• At 5 o'clock she will go inside. - She will be coming in at 5.
• They've already arrived. - They have already come.
• His parents arrived before he left. - The parents had come before he left.
• We will arrive at that moment. - We will have come by that moment.
• Despite his efforts, we did not come to an agreement for a long time. - In spite of his efforts we have been coming to agreement for a long time.
• At ten o'clock we had already traveled a long way to our destination. - At 10 o’clock we had been coming a long way to destination.
• By 5 o'clock he will have already returned to work twice, as he constantly forgets something. - By 5 o’clock he will already have been coming back to work twice for he constantly forgets something.

Set phrases

As a phrasal verb, come is part of many expressions. Among the most common:

• “... about” - to arise;
• “... across” - meet, collide;
• “... along” - go together;
• “... back” - return;
• “...down” - fall, get sick;
• “... forward” - to speak out in defense;
• “... from” - to be from;
• “... in” - to enter;
• “... on” - begin, happen;
• “... out” - appear, etc.

For example: I often come across him in the library. - I often meet him in the library.

Cam/come verb training

The verb is best trained in exercises such as:

• Insert the correct form of the verb (He ... to the cinema in time).
• Insert the appropriate preposition of the phrasal verb (They often ... ... with difficulties).
• Translate into English (You came too late today).

There are many exercises for practicing English verbs, you just need to have the desire to learn. To practice phrasal verbs, it is optimal to use translation sentences. Here is an example of such sentences:

• We let's move on street only when the light is green.
• He always should behind us.
• He must appear before the court.
• Great wine happened from this grape variety.
• We came out from home on time.
• Scream broke out from his chest.
• What is this found on him?
• Not turn around the corner, but go straight.
• It is forbidden hit under someone else's influence.
• I came across for interesting information.
• And here suddenly at her attacked fear.
• This is all is happening not with me.
• What a pity that everything fell apart into parts.
• Never again come back.
• Don't worry, that's it will pass.

Despite such different translation options into Russian, all sentences use the same verb come, but with different prepositions and adverbs.

I’ll tell you a secret: regular and irregular verbs of the English language are the most “favorite” topic of teachers and students when studying English grammar. Fate would have it that the most popular and frequently used words in English speech were incorrect. For example, the famous phrase “to be or not to be” also contains an irregular verb. And that's the beauty of the British :)

Just take a second and imagine how wonderful it would be to add an ending -ed to main verbs and get the past tense. And now all English students are destined to take part in an exciting attraction - memorizing a convenient table of irregular verbs in the English language with translation and transcription.

1. IRREGULAR VERBS

Meet their royal majesty irregular verbs. You won’t have to rant about them for a long time. You just need to accept it and remember that each verb has its own forms. And it is almost impossible to detect any logical connection. All that remains is to put the table in front of you and learn, just as you once memorized the English alphabet.

It’s good that there are verbs where all three forms coincide and are pronounced the same (put-put-put). But there are especially harmful forms that are written as twins, but are pronounced differently (read - read - read). Just as only the best tea leaves of the best varieties are selected for a royal tea party, we have collected the most commonly used irregular verbs, arranged them alphabetically, visually conveniently arranged them in a table - we did everything to make you smile and... teach. In general, only conscientious cramming will save humanity from ignorance of English irregular verbs.

And to make memorization not so boring, you can create your own algorithms. For example, to begin with, write down all the verbs where the three forms coincide. Then those where the two forms coincide (these are the majority, by the way). Or, let’s say, today you learn words starting with the letter “b” (don’t think anything bad), and tomorrow - a different word. No limits to imagination for those in love with English!

And without leaving the cash register, we suggest you take a test on your knowledge of irregular verbs.

Table of irregular verbs in English with transcription and translation:

After this video you will love learning irregular verbs! Yo! :) ...for those who are impatient, it is advisable to watch from 38 seconds

For fans of the advanced teacher and rap lovers, we offer a backing track for a personal way of learning irregular verbs in karaoke style, and in the future, perhaps, for recording a new personal video with your teacher/teacher/class. Weak or not weak?

2. REGULAR VERBS

When the most difficult part in the form of irregular verbs is mastered (we want to believe that this is the case), you can crack the regular verbs of the English language like nuts. They are called so because they form the past tense form and participle II in exactly the same way. In order not to overload your brain once again, we’ll simply designate them as form 2 and form 3. And both of them are obtained using the ending - ed.

For example: look - looked,work - worked

2.1 And for those who like to get to the bottom of everything, you can conduct a brief educational program about the mysterious term “participle II”. Firstly, why participle? Because how else can we designate a three-headed dragon, which has the characteristics of 3 parts of speech at once: verb, adjective and adverb. Accordingly, such a form is always found WITH PARTS (at once with three).

Secondly, why II? Because there is also I . Quite logical  Only participle I has an ending -ing, and participle II has the ending -ed in regular verbs, and any ending in irregular ones ( written , built , come ).

2.2 And everything would be fine, but there are some nuances.

If the verb ends in -y, then you need an ending -ied(study - studied).
. If the verb consists of one syllable and ends in a consonant, then it is doubled (stop - stopped).
. The final consonant l is always doubled (travel -travelled)
. If the verb ends in -e, then you only need to add -d(translate - translated)

For those who are especially picky and attentive, you can also add pronunciation features. For example, after voiceless consonants the ending is pronounced “t”, after voiced consonants - “d”, after vowels “id”.

Perhaps you have heard/invented/read/seen a method that allows you to reduce effort to a minimum and maximize the efficiency of memorizing irregular verbs, but for some reason we don’t know it yet. Share not only your smile, but also your cramming options to please each other with something interesting