The letter Yo is the youngest in the Russian alphabet. It was invented in 1783 by Ekaterina Dashkova, an associate of Catherine II, princess and head of the Imperial Russian Academy . At an academic meeting, Ekaterina Romanovna asked Derzhavin, Fonvizin, Knyazhin and others present whether it was legal to write “iolka” and whether it would be more reasonable to replace the digraph “io” with one letter “ё” ... In print, Yo appeared for the first time in 1795 in the verses of Ivan Dmitriev , and then, in 1796, in the poems of Nikolai Karamzin. However, the spelling innovation found not only supporters, but also fierce opponents. Minister of Education Alexander Shishkov, for example, leafed through volume after volume of his books, erasing two hated dots from them. Most of the opponents, of course, did not reach insanity, but they were in no hurry to accept Yo. Linguistic conservatism prevented the introduction of two dots: Tsvetaeva basically wrote "devil", and Andrey Bely - "yellow". In all pre-revolutionary “Primers”, Yo did not stand after E, but at the very end of the alphabet, next to fita and zhitsa. The Russian alphabet got rid of fita and izhitsa rather quickly: during government spelling reforms and the coming of the working class to power (Soviet soldiers and sailors defeated printing houses and seized extra letters). The letter Y was not touched. If you want - write, if you don't want - don't write, there is little difference. One of the British embassies in the USSR once received a letter informing that Queen Elizabeth had been accepted into his staff as a typist. Further, it was instructed to add a new employee to the staff list and indicated the size of her salary. The shocked department head replied with a bewildered letter. In response, an explanation came: “It was not Queen Elizabeth accepted into the ranks of the embassy staff, but Koroleva Elizaveta Borisovna, a certified typist.” The hero of the novel "Anna Karenina" Levin in the original manuscript of Leo Tolstoy is called "Levin". But the printers did not want to mess with the little popular letter, and in the first edition of the book it is missing. Since this edition became a model for all subsequent ones, Levin entered Russian literature without two dots over the "e". Roman A.K. Tolstoy's "Peter the Great" in the era of stagnation survived many thousands of publications without the letter "e". During the conflict with Tsarevna Sophia described in the novel, one of the close associates of the future emperor, unexpectedly for the reader, declares: “With such a sovereign, we will rest!” Of course, it meant that the speaker was counting on a long-awaited rest, - but without two dots, the meaning of the phrase changed to the opposite. - The letter Yo stands in the sacred, “happy” 7th place in the alphabet. - In Russian, there are about 12,500 words with Ё. Of these, about 150 begin with Ё ​​and about 300 end with Ё. - Frequency of occurrence Yo - 1% of the text. That is, for every thousand characters of text, there are an average of ten yoshki. - In Russian surnames, Yo is found in about two cases out of a hundred. - There are words in our language with two and even three letters Yo: “three-star”, “four-bucket”, “Borolekh” (a river in Yakutia), “Börögyosh” and “Kögelön” ( male names in Altai). - More than 300 surnames differ only in the presence of E or Y in them. For example, Lezhnev - Lezhnev, Demina - Demina. - In Russian, there are 12 male and 5 female names, in the full forms of which Y is present. These are Aksen, Artyom, Nefed, Parmen, Peter, Rorik, Savel, Seliverst, Semyon, Fedor, Yarem; Alyona, Maple, Matryona, Thekla, Flena. - In Ulyanovsk, the hometown of Nikolai Karamzin's "yofikator", there is a monument to the letter Y. - In Russia, there is an official Union of Russian Yofikators, which is engaged in the struggle for the rights of "de-energized" words. Thanks to their tireless activity in besieging the State Duma, now all the Duma documents (including laws) are completely “official”. Yo - at the suggestion of the chairman of the Union Viktor Chumakov - appeared in the newspapers "Version", "Slovo", "Gudok", "Arguments and Facts", etc., in television credits and in books. - Russian programmers have created etator - a computer program that automatically arranges a letter with dots in the text. And the artists came up with an epiraite - an icon for marking official publications.

Hello ladies and gentlemen. Today we have Saturday December 28, 2019 on our calendars, on Channel One there is a TV game "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?". The players and host Dmitry Dibrov are in the studio.

In this article, we will consider one of the interesting and difficult questions of today's game. A general, traditional, article with a full review of the TV quiz "Who wants to be a millionaire?" is already being prepared for publication on the Sprint-Answer website. for 12/28/19. In it you can find out whether the players won something today, or left the studio with nothing. In the meantime, let's move on to a separate question of the game and the answer to it. Efim Petrunin and Pavel Barshak participate in the second part of the game.

What is the youngest letter of the Russian alphabet?

The Russian alphabet (Russian alphabet) is the alphabet of the Russian language, in its current form - with 33 letters - existing since 1918 (the letter Yo was officially approved only since 1942: it was previously believed that there were 32 letters in the Russian alphabet, since E and Yo were considered as options the same letter). The modern Russian alphabet consists of 33 letters. The alphabet in its current representation has existed since 1942. In fact, the year 1918 can be considered the year of the formation of the modern Russian alphabet - then it consisted of 32 letters (without the letter ё).

Answer: Yo.

The letter Yo is the youngest in the Russian alphabet. The letter was invented in 1783 by Ekaterina Dashkova, an associate of Catherine II, princess and head of the Imperial Russian Academy.

The letter Yo is the youngest in the Russian alphabet.

It was invented in 1783 Ekaterina Dashkova, associate of Catherine II, princess and head of the Imperial Russian Academy.

At an academic meeting, Ekaterina Romanovna asked Derzhavin, Fonvizin, Knyazhin and others present whether it was legal to write “olka” and whether it would be more reasonable to replace the digraph “io” with one letter “e”.

Yo appeared in print for the first time in 1795 in the poems of Ivan Dmitriev, and then, in 1796, in the poems of Nikolai Karamzin.

However, the spelling innovation found not only supporters, but also fierce opponents. Minister of Education Alexander Shishkov, for example, leafed through volume after volume of his books, erasing two hated dots from them. Most of the opponents, of course, did not reach insanity, but they were in no hurry to accept Yo.

Linguistic conservatism prevented the introduction of two dots: Tsvetaeva basically wrote "devil", and Andrei Bely - "yellow". In all pre-revolutionary "Primers" Yo stood not after E, but at the very end of the alphabet, next to fita and Izhitsa.

The Russian alphabet got rid of fita and izhitsa fairly quickly: in the course of government spelling reforms and the coming of the working class to power (Soviet soldiers and sailors defeated printing houses and seized extra letters). The letter Yo was not touched. If you want - write, if you don't want - don't write, there is little difference.

The fact that the difference is very large, they realized in the forties. The maps of the area intercepted from the Nazis turned out to be much more accurate than ours: if the village of Berezovka was located near the front line, then Berezovka was listed on the maps both in Russian and in German. And no Berezovka, like ours. After Stalin found out about the meticulousness of the Fritz and the negligence of the Russian specialists, a decree was issued according to which Yo was rigorously published both in the Pravda newspaper, and in books, and in government documents. Well, on the cards, of course.

However, already in 1956, spelling rules were published and still remain in force, stating: Yo should be written only in certain cases indicated in these same rules. They just wanted to save printing ink and metal, from which letters are cast, but mixed everything up. The people interpreted the new rules in their own way. And put two dots where he pleases.

And what did “disinfection” lead us to? In encyclopedic publications, the “extra” Yo shares the area with her rival E. On the computer keyboard, she is “exiled” to the upper left corner. In telegrams, it is written exclusively “more money has come”. And, finally, we are still sure that Dumas has a cardinal not Richelieu, but Richelieu. And we believe that the actor's name is Depardieu, and not Depardieu. And the famous poet Fet is referred to as none other than Fet. Again, the beer is sometimes called “Zhigulevskiy”, sometimes “Zhigulevskiy”. And how many legal problems our citizens had because of negligent passport officers who did not put the unfortunate Y. in their names. It sometimes turns out that, according to one document, a person is Eremenko, and according to another - Eremenko.

So we live, as if in our alphabet there are 32.5 letters.

A few FACTS

• This year Yo turned (recently, by the way) 224 years old. Her birthday is November 18 (old style) 1783.
• The letter Yo stands on the sacred, “happy” 7th place in the alphabet.
• There are about 12,500 words in Russian with Ё. Of these, about 150 start with Ё ​​and about 300 end with Ё.
• The frequency of occurrence of Yo is 1% of the text. That is, for every thousand characters of text, there are an average of ten dollars.
• In Russian surnames, Yo occurs in about two cases out of a hundred.
• There are words in our language with two or even three letters Ё: “three-star”, “four-bucket”, “Börölekh” (a river in Yakutia), “Börögösh” and “Kögelön” (male names in Altae).
• More than 300 surnames differ only in the presence of E or Y in them. For example, Lezhnev - Lezhnev, Demina - Demina.
• In Russian, there are 12 male and 5 female names, in the full forms of which Y is present. Alyona, Maple, Matryona, Thekla, Flena.
• In Ulyanovsk, the hometown of Nikolai Karamzin, the “yofikator”, there is a monument to the letter Y.

In Russia, there is an official Union of Russian Yofikators, which is engaged in the struggle for the rights of "de-energized" words. Thanks to their tireless activity in besieging the State Duma, now all Duma documents (including laws) are completely “official”. Yo - at the suggestion of the chairman of the Union Viktor Chumakov - appeared in the newspapers "Version", "Slovo", "Gudok", "Arguments and Facts", etc., in television credits and in books.

Russian programmers have created a yotator - a computer program that automatically arranges a letter with dots in the text. And the artists came up with an epiraite - a badge for marking official publications.