Built in 1509 on the site of a wooden church, which was originally erected in 1370 by St. Sergius of Radonezh and his nephew Theodore, Bishop of Rostov, as the church of a small monastery. In 1380, the monk of this monastery was the Monk Kirill Belozersky. Until 1917, there was a memorial stone at the supposed site of his cell. In 1998, a memorial cross was restored at this site. Near the wooden temple there were burial places of the heroes of the Battle of Kulikovo in 1380 - the monks of the Holy Trinity-Sergius Lavra Alexander Peresvet and Andrei Oslyabi, who died in single combat with the Tatars. Their tombs were then built in a new temple (the description of the tombs has been known since 1660).

In the 17th century the monastery was abolished, the church became a parish church. In 1703, in the northeast of the temple, a separate warm wooden refectory with the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was built (rebuilt in 1734). In 1785-87. a new stone refectory and bell tower were built (rebuilt in 1849-55). In 1870, a cast-iron tombstone of Peresvet and Oslyabi was installed in the chapel of St. Sergius of Radonezh. In 1894, the main temple was painted. The main altar is the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the chapels are St. Kirill of Belozersky (in the right altar part, known since 1792), the blessed Prince Dimitri Donskoy, in the refectory - St. Sergius of Radonezh (northern), St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (south). The temple was built in the Russian-Byzantine style. Quadrangular, pillarless, single-domed with a bulbous head.

In 1927 the church was closed. In the 1930s beheaded. The tombstone of the heroes of Peresvet and Oslyabi was sent for scrap. Windows and doors were broken in the walls. The building housed the compressor station of the Dynamo plant. In 1932 the bell tower was demolished. In the 1980s The church was transferred to the Historical Museum. Since 1980 it was restored by volunteers, and by 1988 it was fenced off from the plant. In 1989 it was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church. In 1991 A stone belfry was built next to the temple.

Shrines: the especially revered Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God (located in the Historical Museum), the carved Blachernae Icon of the Mother of God, the holy relics of St. Alexander Peresvet and Andrei Oslyabi (under cover).

On the territory of the temple there is a marble monument to Saints Peresvet and Oslyabi by sculptor V. M. Klykov, which was previously located in the refectory. The author of the tombstone is Moscow sculptor Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Klykov. On the back side of the black obelisk there is attached a large bronze plaque with the words from “Zadonshchina”: “You laid down your heads for the holy churches, for the Russian land and for the Christian faith.”
The belfry next to the church was built in 1991.

There is a Sunday school at the church and a parish Starosimonovskaya library. On the church grounds there is a chapel in the name of St. Kirill Belozersky, a memorial stone in honor of the significant event of 1397 (the appearance of the Virgin Mary to Kirill), as well as the symbolic grave of the composer Alexander Alyabyev. The actual burial place of Alyabyev is located near the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary, under the building of the ZIL Palace of Culture. Therefore, they decided to install a memorial cross here, near the walls of one of the oldest Moscow churches, where the famous Moscow necropolis was located. On the path leading to the temple, along a concrete fence, fragments of gravestones are displayed, from simply ancient ones to white stone ancient Russian ones. The fragments of those broken in the 1930s are embedded in the wall of the church. bells The bell tower, recreated in 2006, houses the Peresvet bell, a gift from the Bryansk region.

The Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, conceived and founded in the Novo-Simonovsky Monastery, due to the difficult circumstances of that time, could not be built quickly; it took 26 years to build. Founded in 1379, it was completed and consecrated in 1404. All the time while it was being built, the monks who moved to live in a new place could not interrupt their communication with the former Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary and constantly had to go to Divine services in this temple. After the construction of the Assumption Church was completed, the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary became a monastery, monastic services huddled around it, and several small cells of those few elders who did not want to leave their original place of solitude.

Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the Old Simonov Church (East Street, house number 6).

The temple is part of the original Simonov Monastery that once existed on this site. There was a monastery cemetery around the temple. In the northwestern part of the refectory, the ashes of the holy monks Alexander Peresvet and Andrei (Rodion) Oslyabi, who, with the blessing of St. Sergius of Radonezh, participated in the Battle of Kulikovo, were buried under cover. According to local legend, the remains of 32 princes and governors - associates of the Holy Blessed Prince Dimitry Donskoy, who fell on the Kulikovo Field - were buried in two graves at the altar. In memory of all those buried near the temple, a wooden cross has now been erected.

In 1509, the stone church building that still exists today was erected. In the middle of the 17th century, the Old Simonov Monastery was abolished, and the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary became a parish church. At the end of the 18th century, a refectory was added to it, which was built in 1849-1855. replaced by a new, more extensive one, with the left side chapel of St. Sergius of Radonezh. At the same time, a bell tower was erected. At the end of the 19th century. During the restoration, the temple was re-painted, the previously walled up windows were again broken through, and the external stone decor was restored. In 1870, a canopy was erected over the graves of Peresvet and Oslyabi - a masterpiece of Kasli cast iron - covered with gold and crowned with three crosses symbolizing the Holy Trinity. Stone slabs describing the monks' feats were replaced with cast iron ones.

In 1929, the temple was closed, the church dome was destroyed, the bell tower was dismantled, and the tombstones of the monastery cemetery were sawn into curbstones. In 1989, the temple was returned to the community of believers. On September 16, 1989, the chapels of St. Sergius of Radonezh and St. Nicholas were consecrated, and a stone belfry was built. Artist O.B. Pavlov painted on the northern and southern walls using the thermophosphate painting technique - the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the image of the Mother of God “Oranta”. The paintings and interior decoration were restored. In the left aisle of St. Sergius of Radonezh, over the grave of the holy monks Peresvet and Oslyabi, a tombstone made by the sculptor Vyacheslav Klykov was installed. The Historical Museum returned the miraculous Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God to the temple. On June 3, 1993, the main altar was consecrated in honor of the Feast of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The chapel of St. Kirill of Belozersky has now also been restored in the altar.

Attached to this church is a chapel in the name of the icon of the Mother of God “Inexhaustible Chalice” at the Center for the Treatment and Social Rehabilitation of Drug Abuse Patients.

Mikhail Vostryshev "Orthodox Moscow. All churches and chapels."

Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, on Stary Simonovo.

In 1370, according to the wishes of Grand Duke Dimitri Donskoy, a monastery was founded here. Ownership of land in this area was previously associated with the names of Simon Golovin and Grigory Khovrin. The first abbot was St. Fedor, nephew of the Rev. Sergius. When in 1379 the monastery was moved to its current location, a small monastery was left at the former church, dependent on the main one and called “Rozhdestvenskaya, on the Fox Pond.” The church became a parish church around 1646, when the salary money was paid by white priests, and not by the monastery.

Instead of a wooden one, a stone church was built in 1509, constituting the main part of the existing temple. Its style is purely Russian, it resembles the Vladimir churches, as well as the early Moscow ones, with a belt of stone carvings around the entire temple and with the same entrance arches as in the Church of the Deposition of the Robe in the Kremlin (1486). A special feature is the absence of pillars, a blank closed dome, the absence of overhead windows, and wooden connections of the vaults in the altar. In the southern altar there is a chapel in the name of St. Kirill Belozersky, which was originally a special wooden church. The mural painting was renewed several times and did not retain its ancient appearance.

The refectory and Nikolsky chapel, instead of the previous ones, were built wooden in 1734. In 1660, stone tents are mentioned above the tombs of Peresvet and Oslebyat, heroes of the Battle of Kulikovo buried here. The current western part of the entire temple, containing the refectory with these two tombs, the bell tower and the chapels: the new one - St. Sergius and the old one - St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, erected in 1849-55.

The current cast-iron tombstones over Peresvet and Oslebyateya were built in 1870. Wonderful ancient icons of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, the Lord Pantocrator, and others have been preserved.

Alexandrovsky M.I. "Index of ancient churches in the area of ​​Ivanovo forty." Moscow, “Russian Printing House”, Bolshaya Sadovaya, building 14, 1917

Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Stary Simonovo

On the site of the modern temple there once stood Old Simonov with a cathedral church in honor of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. They were founded in 1370 by the nephew of Sergius of Radonezh, Theodore. Whether by God’s grace, or by one’s own decision, it is not known; there are several versions on this matter.

In 1379, they moved it half a kilometer further (this is how the New Simonovskaya, and later simply the Simonovskaya monastic monastery appeared) and founded a new one, which was to become the successor of the Nativity - the Dormition of the Blessed Virgin Mary. It took a long time to build and was consecrated only in 1405.

From that time on, Rozhdestvenskaya became a monastery - next to it there were several cells where elders lived who wished to remain in their original place. And the old one officially began to be called Rozhdestvensky, which is on Lisy Pond. Many famous names are associated with this monastery. In particular, the icon painter Dionysius worked here, and possibly (not reliably established) Andrei Rublev.

Meanwhile, the Assumption Church became a cathedral. In the 1470s, its dome was struck by lightning, after which Aristotle Fioravanti himself undertook to rebuild it. At the same time, a brick fence was built around the monastery - the first in Moscow. This is not surprising, because the monastery stood guard over the capital’s borders, and therefore enjoyed the special favor of the sovereigns.

And the wooden one stood until it was rebuilt by Aleviz Fryazin in 1509-1510. It has survived to this day. In the XVIII century. Burials of the saints were found near the temple. Alexander Peresvet and Andrei Oslyabi, as well as other heroes of the Battle of Kulikovo.

It must be said that the Simonov Monastery had a difficult fate. In 1612, during the Russian-Polish War, it was plundered by Lithuanians and Poles, and in 1812 by Napoleon’s troops, who placed horses in the church building. As for the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary, its fate was no better - at that time it was under crossfire.

In 1785-1787 a stone refectory and bell tower were built at the Church of the Nativity (instead of wooden ones); in 1849-1855 they were rebuilt by Narcissus Zbozhevsky. Two chapels were built in the refectory - Nikolsky and Sergievsky. In the latter, in 1870, the tombstone of Alexander Peresvet and Andrei Oslyabi was installed.

In 1928 Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Stary Simonovo was closed. A few years later I found myself on the territory of the Dynamo plant when it was expanding. The monastery was not destroyed because it was a pity for the strong walls that could still be used for work. The bell tower was demolished, and the cast-iron tombstone of the above-mentioned heroes was sold for scrap metal, gaining 317 rubles and 25 kopecks. Since the church building was used as a production facility, and a powerful motor was installed in its floor, shaking the walls, the temple quickly fell into disrepair.

In 1987, the plant was transferred to the Historical Museum. In 1989, she returned to the believers and was reconsecrated. In 2006, the bell tower was restored - before that, parishioners amused themselves with a small belfry. The governor of the Bryansk region - the birthplace of Peresvet and Oslyabi - presented the Peresvet bell weighing 2200 kg to the temple.

As for architecture, the main volume of the Nativity Monastery is pillarless (although, most likely, this was not always the case). Its lower part has been preserved from the time of the ancient temple built by Aleviz. And with it - beautiful quadrangle portals with “melons”. The zakomars were not preserved and were replaced with a hipped roof. The cube of the temple is crowned with an onion dome on a solid drum, decorated with an arcature belt and kokoshniks. The drum on the bell tower is made in a very unusual way - it imitates several tiers. The church walls are decorated with pilasters and carved cornices, ornate ornaments and curbs; The cornice of the main volume of the temple and the conch of the apses attract attention.

Today Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Stary Simonovo is a cultural heritage site and architectural monument.

Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, consecrated in 1989.

The Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary was originally built in 1370 by St. Theodore, who was later Archbishop of Rostov, and the nephew of St. Sergius of Radonezh.

St. Theodore, brought up under the direct influence of his uncle, St. Sergius, having reached adulthood, wished to establish his own monastery, which he repeatedly spoke about to his uncle and leader, but St. Sergius, fearing that such a young monk as St. Theodore, not being subjected to various kinds of temptations and temptations, kept him with him and even intended to transfer the management of his Trinity Monastery to him after his death. And when St. Theodore spoke about the Voice of God he heard calling him during night prayer: “Theodore, go into the desert so that you can form a monastery and multiply in it children, husbands, spiritual desires and many rewards and acceptance in heaven,” then St. Sergius accepted this as God’s instruction and no longer interfered with his nephew’s fulfillment of his long-standing desire. He gave him his blessing and sent him off with several proven elders of his monastery to look for a convenient place to found a new monastery.

St. Theodore, accompanied by these elders who were released with him from the Trinity Monastery, “will find a place to build a monastery near the Moscow River named after Simonovo,” which he recognized as convenient for founding a monastery.

Chapels in the refectory part of the temple. Right: St. Nicholas of Myra, consecrated on September 15, 1989.

According to his accepted custom, he did only what his uncle, the Venerable, approved. Sergius and, without relying only on his experience, St. Theodore did not make up his mind without the blessing of St. Sergius to begin the construction of a new monastery.

A prudent nephew informs his wise uncle and others about his choice. Sergius himself comes to inspect the chosen place, as far as it is “necessary for the monastery structure.”

Having examined this place and recognized it as completely suitable for establishing a monastery, St. Sergius kneels before the All-Seeing Creator and, first of all, prayerfully asks for His blessing, both on the place chosen for the establishment of the monastery, and on the young founder of the proposed monastery. St. Petersburg prayed with him. Theodore.

After the prayer, the monks examined the area for a long time and with great attention. A place was chosen to build the temple, which was marked by erecting a wooden cross, made right there from two green young trees tied with a flexible willow branch. Before this cross, the holy ascetics again bowed their knees, asking God to send his blessing and help to create the Holy Temple in honor of His Most Holy Mother. We marked a place for cells and monastery services, for a vegetable garden, and for storing vegetables. A place was designated where the fence was to go and where the monastery gate should stand. Everything was carefully examined, everything was discussed and thought out.

After some time, at this place, St. Theodore, with those few monks who came here with him, began to build a temple in the name of our Most Holy Lady Theotokos, Her Honest Nativity, “and around it there were cells and everything in good order and a common life.” The temple was built in 1370.

The area was desolate and deserted, the life of the hermits was modest and quiet. Focused on prayer and work, they spent time either in the temple reading prayers and general singing of psalms, sometimes, perhaps, in the dim light of a smoking torch, or in their cells, each busy with his own labor, his own work, alien to the bustle of the outside world.

Chapels in the refectory part of the temple. Left: St. Sergius of Radonezh, consecrated on December 16, 1989.

But no matter how they hid, no matter how they hid themselves, these lovers of solitude and silence, they still could not hide completely. The fame of Theodore’s virtuous and pious life began to spread more and more, and many began to come to him with their thoughts, prayers and hopes, to receive good advice and consolation from him in the sad moments of their lives. This ever-increasing glory and these ever-increasing visitors weighed heavily on the saint. Theodora. Avoiding these visitors, he decided, secretly from his companions, to choose another place for himself, where nothing could disturb his solitude and distract him from his prayerful conversation with the Lord alone. To this end, he began to look for such a place; but, no matter how much he walked, he could not find anywhere the amenities that the Simonovskaya area offered, and so he returned here again. Wanting, however, to hide his return, he settled not in the monastery he had built, but in a deep forest, separated from the monastery by a deep steep ravine, but at a very close distance from it. Here he set up a cell for himself, and, having settled in it, he imposed on himself a greater feat of fasting and prayer than before. But, of course, he could not hide in this new place. First of all, his students did not want to part with their mentor, and his sudden absence saddened them terribly. They began to look for him everywhere and, indeed, his cell was soon discovered by them and again, having asked for his blessing, his former followers and many of the new seekers of salvation began to come to him. And thus, in this new place a monastery was formed, even as vast as the previous one, as St. Theodore, and, who visited him, St. Sergius, found it necessary to inform the Grand Duke about this and ask him for permission to build a larger monastery, and from St. Alexia’s blessing for the construction of a new temple in it and, with their permission, “set up a church in the name of the Most Holy Theotokos, Her Honorable and Glorious Assumption, and a meal and many cells.”

The Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, conceived and founded in the Novo-Simonovsky Monastery, due to the difficult circumstances of that time, could not be built quickly; it took 26 years to build. Founded in 1379, it was completed and consecrated in 1404. And all the time while it was being built, the monks who moved to live in a new place could not interrupt their communication with the former Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary and constantly had to go to Divine services in this temple.

After the construction of the Assumption Church was completed, the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary became a monastery, monastic services huddled around it, and several small cells of those few elders who did not want to leave their original place of solitude. Under the roof of this temple rested the bodies of the Kulikovo ascetics, monastic warriors Peresvet and Oslyabya, whom, after the Battle of Kulikovo, Grand Duke Dimitri Ioannovich ordered to be brought to Moscow and buried here. The bodies of those monks who died either in the New Simonov Monastery or in those cells that were located near the Church of the Nativity of the Mother of God were also buried here.

Venerated Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God

In 1509, the wooden Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary was demolished, and in its place a stone church was built and consecrated.

In 1612, with its treasures and all the contributions of the princes and kings of Simonov, the monastery became the prey of the Lithuanians and Poles. The unfortunate event of 1612 was repeated 200 years later, in 1812: a detachment of Napoleon’s army, having smashed the western Holy Gate, broke into the monastery and plundered it. The cathedral church, porch and towers were occupied by horses, and the abbot's and brethren's cells were occupied by soldiers and officers of the French army. Of course, all these hardships that the Novo-Simonov Monastery endured were also experienced by the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary, and it suffered an equally sad fate. On the one hand, she was not protected from enemies by anything, and on the other hand, she was under crossfire from both enemies and defenders of the Motherland, and suffered both from enemy shots and from shots from the Novo-Simonov monastery.

The Church of the Nativity of Staro-Simonov Monastery became a parish in the middle of the 18th century. In 1787, a warm stone refectory and a bell tower were added to the temple, and a newly built chapel was consecrated in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker.

In 1846, a project was approved to expand the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary on Stary Simonovo and rebuild its bell tower. The boundaries of St. were built and consecrated. Nicholas in 1849, etc. Sergius in 1855.

In 1870, the 500th anniversary of the founding of the temple and monastery was solemnly celebrated.

In 1926, the temple was closed and the compressor workshop of the Dynamo plant was formed there. Only on the eve of the 600th anniversary of the Battle of Kulikovo began the reconstruction of the temple where the heroes were buried. The revival of the shrine is associated with the names of the artist P. Korin, the architect P. Baronovsky, the writers Y. Seleznev, V. Sergeev, V. Rasputin, V. Astafiev, and the cosmonaut V. Sevastyanov. In 1989, liturgical life was revived in the temple. In 1993 and in 1999, the temple was visited by His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II. Currently, the temple has been completely restored, wall paintings, iconostases, and the temple interior have been restored. An oak canopy was built over the graves of Peresvet and Oslyabi - an exact copy of the pre-revolutionary canopy of 1880. In 2006, the bell tower was recreated, on which the Peresvet bell (2200 kg) was placed, accepted as a gift from the governor of the Bryansk region, the homeland of the monastic heroes Peresvet and Oslyabya.

© http://www.starosimonovo.ru/history/

On September 21, 2005, our country celebrated one of the significant events in the history of statehood - the victory on the Kulikovo field of the militia of the Grand Duke of Moscow Dmitry Ioannovich over the army of Mamai. What gave strength to the Russian soldiers who turned the tide of history and marked the beginning of the liberation of Rus' from the oppression of the Tatar-Mongols - historians never tire of arguing over this question.

And 10 years before the Battle of Kulikovo, the abbot of the Russian land, the Monk Sergius of Radonezh, blessed his nephew Theodore to found a monastery on the site of Simonovo, on the Moscow River. Sergius cut down the first temple and consecrated it prophetically - in commemoration of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. And Feodor Simonovsky himself, a few years later, during the years of crisis for Rus', was to become the confessor of the grand ducal couple: Evdokia Dmitrievna and Dmitry Ioannovich. It was on his advice that Grand Duke Dmitry went to the Trinity Monastery before the Battle of Kulikovo to Abbot Sergius for a blessing. Sergius of Radonezh tried to console the Grand Duke and sent with him monks, formerly Bryansk boyars, schema-monks Andrei Oslyab and Alexander Peresvet.

Alexander Peresvet had the honor of starting the battle on the Kulikovo Field, where the schemamonk fought with the hitherto invincible Murza Chelubey - many people know this story from school textbooks. Having won 300 fights, Chelubey could not cope with the spiritual hero. And the Russian warriors defeated the powerful barbarians and from then on believed irrevocably in their strength. With the blessing of St. Sergius and by order of the Grand Duke, the bodies of both schema-monks who died in the battle were buried in Old Simonovo, near Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

In place of the wooden church, a stone one was built in 1509, which has survived to this day. After the refectory part was added to the temple in the 18th-19th centuries, the burial place of Peresvet and Oslyabya, heroes of the Battle of Kulikovo, turned out to be inside the temple. The bell tower, designed by the architect Ton, was added at the end of the 19th century. In Rus', burial places of heroes have always been revered. There is evidence of royal visits to the graves of the heroes of the Battle of Kulikovo. After the coronation, Empress Catherine II allocated large funds for the tombstone canopy for the heroes of the Kulakov battles.

New Simonov Monastery and Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in the 1930s they were almost completely destroyed. The tombstones of Oslyaka and Pereschet were significantly damaged. A factory workshop was located in the temple, and the entire area became a huge industrial zone. The church was remembered only in the 60s, articles appeared calling for the church to be returned to its former appearance, but they led nowhere. And only on the 600th anniversary of the Battle of Kulikovo, they decided to transfer the church to the Historical Museum and place in it an exhibition dedicated to the battle itself.

However, this only ended with the removal of the motors from the temple. And only in 1989 the church was open to visits by parishioners. Slowly but successfully, restoration began with the help of the church community. A gallery was built along the top of the passage of the former warehouse. Only by 2006, the restoration of a small stone belfry was completed on the site of the destroyed bell tower. Now it is almost restored. Looking at the new and carved tombstone of Oslyabi and Peresvet, it is difficult to imagine that the church began to come to life only 16 years ago.

Miraculous icons that saved Rus' many times - the Kazan, Tikhvin, Iverskaya, Blachernae Mother of God, the image of the Mother of God with a piece of the Robe - shrines. You can see them by looking through our aisles and. The long-forgotten image of Our Lady of Peter the Great, which recalls the sacred history of Orthodox Moscow, was also restored and placed in this temple.

Orthodox church Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Stary Simonovo ... Wikipedia

Orthodox church Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Krylatskoye ... Wikipedia

Orthodox Church Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in Putinki City Moscow ... Wikipedia

Orthodox Church Temple of St. Prince Vladimir in Old Sadekh ... Wikipedia

This term has other meanings, see Intercession Cathedral (meanings). This term has other meanings, see St. Basil's Church. Orthodox Cathedral Cathedral of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary, on the Moat (Cathedral of Basil... ... Wikipedia

This term has other meanings, see Cathedral of Christ the Savior (meanings). Cathedral Orthodox Cathedral Cathedral Cathedral of Christ the Savior (Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ) ... Wikipedia

This term has other meanings, see All Saints Church. architectural monument (federal) Orthodox church ... Wikipedia

Intercession Cathedral, also called St. Basil's Cathedral The Intercession Cathedral on the Moat, also called St. Basil's Cathedral is an Orthodox church located on Red Square in Moscow. A widely known monument of Russian architecture. Until XVII ... Wikipedia

Intercession Cathedral, also called St. Basil's Cathedral The Intercession Cathedral on the Moat, also called St. Basil's Cathedral is an Orthodox church located on Red Square in Moscow. A widely known monument of Russian architecture. Until XVII ... Wikipedia