Like many derived auxiliary parts of speech, the word “because” raises many questions: is a comma needed, where is it placed, if necessary (before or after “because”), whether the word “because” is separated by commas on both sides. To answer these questions, we need to turn to the meaning of the conjunction in this sentence.

“Because” is separated by commas

Before the phrase

The word “because” is a subordinating conjunction; it connects parts of a complex sentence: it attaches a subordinate clause of reason. So the answer to the question whether a comma is placed before “because” or not is obvious. Of course, a comma is needed before “because” if the entire combination is a conjunction. It can be replaced by the synonymous conjunction “since”.

• We couldn’t even move because the dried leaves rustled loudly from our movements.
• Now it’s pointless to talk about it, because nothing can be changed anyway.

After the word "because"

However, it is important to determine where to place commas, because this combination may be separated by a comma in some cases.

1. A comma is placed after “because” if there is a negative particle “not” before it.

• I didn't do this because I don't love you.
• He didn't go to the holiday not because he didn't want to.

2. The sign appears after “because” if there are any intensifying or restrictive words: “only”, “precisely”, “perhaps”, etc.

4. Finally, a comma is placed after “because” if the sentence contains a list of reasons.

In language, unlike arithmetic, when the positions of the terms are rearranged, the sum not only changes, but can sometimes turn into a difference.

Perhaps best of all, this property of our written speech is demonstrated by two popular “punctuation jokes.”

The first of them is about the poor student Vita Perestukin, the hero of L. Geraskina’s story “In the Land of Unlearned Lessons,” whose fate turned out to depend on how he puts a comma in the sentence passed on him by His Majesty the Verb of the Imperative Mood “for ignorance, laziness and lack of knowledge of one’s native language.” language": EXECUTION CANNOT BE PARCORED.

And the second is about a certain traveler who, in a moment of danger, promised in case of salvation " put up a golden statue holding a pike ", but as soon as the danger had passed, he decided not to fork out the cash and gave the order: " Place a statue holding a golden pike ".

Russian punctuation, according to the remark of one of its most subtle researchers N.S. Valgina, “has a clear purpose - to convey to the reader the meaning of what is written as it is reproduced by the writer”. That is why, by its very definition, it subjective, and therefore - and this is its fundamental difference from spelling - in most cases necessarily variable. And remembering this when studying the system of punctuation rules is absolutely necessary: ​​after all, according to A.P. Chekhov, “in a work of art, signs often play the role of notes, and you cannot learn them from a textbook; you need flair and experience.”

Try to find punctuation errors in the following sentences and understand how incorrect punctuation marks violate the meaning of the text:

1. It has long been established that octopuses are excellent learners, they have a good memory, they recognize the people who feed them and can become tame.
2. Anton shed tears when he saw him, bowed to the ground, told him that his old master was still alive and ran to harness the horses (A. Pushkin).
3. She [Anna Sergeevna] was walking alone, still wearing the same beret with a white Spitz (A. Chekhov).
4. I maintained two-way radio communication with the Earth and heard the voices of my comrades working at radio stations as clearly as if they were nearby (According to Yu. Gagarin).
5. Suddenly the driver began to look to the side and, finally taking off his hat, turned to me and said: “Master, would you order me to turn back?” (A. Pushkin).
6. Unfortunately, he was extremely short-sighted, so much so that he even wore glasses to some special order (A. Kuprin).
7. On the lower floor, under the balcony, the windows were probably open because women’s voices and laughter were clearly heard (A. Chekhov).

The last two examples illustrate the rule about placing a punctuation mark in a complex sentence with a compound subordinating conjunction ( due to the fact that, in view of the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, instead of, in order to, in order to, while, because, because, despite the fact that, after, before before and so on.).

If the subordinate clause is connected to the main clause using a complex (compound) subordinating conjunction, then the place of the punctuation mark is often determined by the writer himself, depending on the specific purposes of the statement. You can write He liked herbecause she was very beautiful(emphasis on results) or He liked herbecauseshe was very beautiful(emphasis on the reason).

When a conjunction is divided, its first part becomes a correlative word included in the main part of a complex sentence as one of its members (as a rule, circumstances), and the subordinate clause acquires a clarifying character: Her face was subtly pink and slightly shiny(for what reason?) that's why(why exactly?) , What(M. Sholokhov). (cf. her face<…>shiny (for what reason?), because ofshe recently washed her face with soap.)

However, there are formal conditions dictating the mandatory dismemberment/non-dismemberment of such a union. The conditions for the mandatory dismemberment of the union include the following:

The presence of a negative particle “not” before the conjunction, For example: He liked hernot becauseshe was very beautiful.

The presence of intensifying, restrictive and other particles in front of the union, For example: He liked heronly (only, in particular, just, precisely and so on.) because was very beautiful.

The presence of an introductory word or introductory construction before the conjunction, For example: He liked herapparently (probably, maybe, it seems, obviously, one has to think, I think and so on.) , becauseshe was very beautiful.

Inclusion of the first part (correlative word) in a series of homogeneous members or parallel constructions, For example: He liked herbecausewas very beautifuland even more so because had extraordinary charm.

It must be borne in mind that some conjunctions, when broken into two parts, dramatically change their meaning, for example: I fell, So broke my knee (clause of consequence) - I fell Sobroke my knee(clause of manner of action with a connotation of the degree of this quality); He looked at herbecausehe liked her(clause of reason) - He looked at her becauseif he liked her(a subordinate clause of the manner of action with a connotation of the degree of this quality).
More often, a complex subordinating conjunction is not divided if the subordinate clause precedes the main one, for example: Asthe snow in the pot turned gray and turned into a milky-cloudy liquid, Pavel added snow from a bucket(B. Okudzhava). The indivisibility of the conjunction in this position is explained by the fact that the last part of the sentence is usually emphasized, while accents are rare at the beginning. Wed: Asthe sun was rising, the day was warmer and cheerful(I. Bunin). - The noise died down as the news penetrated to all corners of the hall(L. Leonov).
Complex unions are not dismembered whereas, while : He liked to read detective storieswhile (whereas) his wife preferred the romance novel genre.
Possibility of dismemberment of the union while detected when updating temporary meaning, especially when including words just, yet, most, exactly : I asked my grandfather about thisjust at the time he swung his second felt boot(M. Prishvin). Such sentences are close to sentences with the conjunction When (during the time when ): The mushrooms are really starting to growduring the time when rye shoots an ear(V. Tendryakov).

http://gramma.ru/RUS/?id=13.31

It is correct to write the conjunction because in two words, and the phrase preposition + pronoun + conjunction is separately in three words.

Spelling

Difficulties in writing arise due to the fact that this conjunction is a derivative. That is, it is formed by combining two bases. Such words are often written together to avoid complete homonymy with the stems that produce them. These are, for example, also - the same, so that - whatever, but - for that. To correctly resolve the issue of how to spell because, you need to dwell on the following points.

• If you look at the derived lexemes of the type too, also, which changed their spelling to merged as a result of the word formation process, you will notice that they come from monosyllabic words. Long lexemes are much less likely to merge into one whole. In the adverb because, from which it comes because, there are two syllables. The adverb itself is already formed by merging the preposition by and the pronoun that, written together. Further addition of another root would be redundant from the point of view of the Russian language, where there is a strong tendency to save linguistic resources. Therefore, in the question of how to write: because or because, it is correct to give preference to the first option and write the word separately.
• Another possible option is to write with a hyphen. In the case of because, the desire to write with a hyphen arises from an analogy with for some reason, however, from the point of view of spelling rules, there is no reason for this. “Because” does not contain the particles either, either, or, which should be written with a hyphen.
• It is worth remembering that under the influence of pronunciation you can make a mistake in the second part of the word. The correct spelling is that, although it is pronounced [shto].

Thus, a compound derivative conjunction is always written separately, with the letter h.

What parts of speech can the word because

However, when you see “because”, you should not automatically determine the part of speech of this word. There are two options here:

1. Because it is part of the union. For example: I was late because I forgot to set my alarm.
2. Because - adverb. For example: The weather was good, so I decided to walk to the stop.

To determine the partial identity in each specific case, you can use the table

When is it correct to write in three words?

Another problem is the distinction between a conjunction and a homonymous construction consisting of a preposition, a pronoun and a conjunctive word. The correct spelling in this case is separate: according to the fact that.

This design is characterized by the following properties:

• You can ask a dative case question for a pronoun: Why?
• What– a relative pronoun that acts as an allied word. It can be replaced with a noun suitable in meaning, and it can be determined which member of the sentence it acts as.
• The subordinate part has an explanatory meaning, not a causal one, that is, it explains the word “by that” from the main one.

For example: Returning from war, a soldier walked through what had once been a beautiful city.
Walking on what?- That's why. From the context it is possible to replace with a noun: over the ruins, the ruins of what was a beautiful city. A conjunctive word that acts as a subject explains the pronoun "That" from the main part.

Punctuation in sentences

To decide where to place a comma in a because clause, you need to consider the following punctuation rules:

1. A comma is placed before because, at the junction of two grammatical bases in a complex sentence. The student was unable to complete the task because he listened to the teacher’s explanations.
2. When because comes at the beginning, a comma is not used, since this is usually an incomplete sentence. Such designs are used by writers to achieve the artistic effect of emphasis. This technique is called parcellation. For example: Let this person urgently fly to Moscow. Because they are waiting for him at Vnukovo airport. It's been almost two years now. It is inappropriate to use such a technique in business writing.
3. A comma is placed between because and that, if:
   1. Therefore there is a negation before it. People love Russia not because it is a big and strong country.
   2. The word is therefore highlighted with the help of particles (only, only, precisely), or it is preceded by introductory words (probably, perhaps, of course). Sasha was afraid of heights, probably because as a child he climbed a tree and for a long time could not come down from there.
   3. Logical stress falls on it. The correct placement of signs depends on the purpose of the statement. If the speaker’s task is to emphasize the reason for what happened, then you can rearrange it, a comma is placed between the words. I love spring because everything around me changes. Here the emphasis is on the reason for loving spring; therefore it is possible to rearrange: That's why I love spring... If it is more important to indicate the result, the punctuation mark is placed before because: My friends love summer, and I love spring, because everything around me changes.
   4. Therefore it is included in a homogeneous series. Sonya was scared because of the gunshots, the sounds of breaking glass, screams and because her father still had not returned home.
4. In sentences where the construction is used, a comma should be placed before that. By what a person says about other people, one can draw a conclusion about his upbringing.

Russian language

How to use a comma with the conjunction “because”?

2 comments

It’s easy to figure out how to correctly place a comma in the “because” conjunction. There is a misconception that a comma will always be inserted before “what”, this is not true, there are exceptions.

It is unwise to repeat other people's mistakes; you need to understand the designs. There is no comma after the conjunction “because” and the rules do not say this.

Comma in the conjunction “because”

It is placed before the word and therefore in the middle between words, but for this certain conditions must be met. What is the main idea of ​​the sentence?

What should the reader understand first?

When we pronounce words, we pause and use intonation to express all punctuation marks. In oral speech, we don’t think about how to pause; they are formed on an intuitive level.

Written speech is devoid of emotional outbursts, and signs help to correctly determine the mood or essence of the spoken phrase. They influence people's perception of information. With the help of signs, we can understand how the author wants to convey his emotions to us in the text.

Comma before because

A comma placed in the right place will not change the essence of the sentence.

• He was walking along the road and tripped because he did not see a large stone.

There is a reason: he stumbled because he didn’t see.

• He was walking along the road and tripped because his legs were tired and the sidewalk was occupied by a car.

In the second sentence we confirm the action: I stumbled because my legs were tired. If we put a comma before “Because,” the essence of the sentence would change.

If you compose sentences in such a way that you want to use a participial phrase to explain the first action of the sentence, then put a comma after it.

• He went outside for a walk because his head needed fresh air.
• We walk across this bridge because it has recently been repaired.
• Marina takes up dancing because she does not see herself in any other profession.

Now let's look at examples of sentences that are exactly the same, but punctuation marks can be placed in different places. And the essence of the proposals will change radically.

Example 2

• She loved him because he was always there.
• She loved him because he was always there.

Commas placed in different places in identical sentences change its essence. In the first option, it is appropriate to ask the question, why did the girl love the guy?

He was always there. In the second case, it says that the girl loved, and the main emphasis is done on the fact of the existence of love, and for what exactly is of secondary importance.

After looking at several examples, we found out that a comma can be placed in different places depending on the essence of the sentence.

Where is the comma placed in the conjunction “because”?

In the rules we put a comma after the word therefore and add various particles, and also put a sign before because.

1. The particle “Not” before “because”:
   She didn't love him because he was handsome and smart.
2. Before “Because” there are introductory words or participial phrases, separated by commas on both sides:
   He was walking along the road and tripped, as it turned out, because he was not looking at the road.
   As it turns out, this is an introductory construction.
3. A comma is placed before “What” in the “because” construction if a special clarifying particle is added before the conjunction, which creates a restrictive or expressive character for the sentence.
   He was walking along the road and tripped only because the sidewalk was occupied by a parked car.
   Just a clarifying particle.
4. If a sentence has several homogeneous members, then a comma must be placed after “therefore”.
   She loved the guy because he was brave, and also because he was handsome and smart.

In all of the above 4 cases, A comma must be placed before “what”.

If any action is expressed, then followed by an explanation of the reason for this action, then a comma is most often placed before the “because” construction.

So we looked at several examples that will help you better understand the popular union. You will also be able to get acquainted with the...

Because … Spelling dictionary-reference book

In order that, in order that, zane, then that, for, from the fact that, since, because. The process of normalization of Russian syntax was accompanied in Pushkin’s language by various experiments on those Russian constructions that were... ... History of words

Cm … Synonym dictionary

Kyon Ki... Genre Drama Starring Salman Khan Kareena Kapoor Rimi San Jackie Shroff Suniel Shetty D ... Wikipedia

Because... Kyon Ki... Genre Drama Starring Salman Khan Kareena Kapoor Rimi San Jackie Shroff Suniel Shetty D... Wikipedia

BECAUSE, places. adv. and allied sl. For the reason that Mr. Why are you angry? Yes, it’s all the same. I don’t have time, I can’t come. Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 … Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

Conjunction Used when joining the subordinate part of a complex sentence, expressing the connection between the basis and the consequence; because. Ephraim's explanatory dictionary. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Efremova

because- because / because, union... Together. Apart. Hyphenated.

because- because, union... Morphemic-spelling dictionary

because- conjunction Syntactic constructions beginning with the conjunction “because” are distinguished by punctuation marks (commas). In this case, the first punctuation mark can be placed either before a compound conjunction or between its parts (before the word “what”). About the factors... ... Dictionary-reference book on punctuation

Books

• Because, Glattauer Daniel. It all started when Jan Haigerer killed a man. Just like that, without hesitation, he pulled the trigger of the gun. And from now on he is no longer the respected editor of a famous publishing house...
• Because, Daniel Glattauer. It all started when Jan Haigerer killed a man. Just like that, without hesitation, he pulled the trigger of the gun. And from now on he is no longer the respected editor of a famous publishing house...