Wood carving is an amazingly beautiful and very popular type of hand-made wood processing these days. The carved interior details captivate with their magnificent appearance and reflect rich national traditions.

Creative people who are simply itching to do something very interesting and useful should pay attention to wood carving. Girls and women may think that this is only a man's activity. And they will be wrong, because there are no fewer women woodcarvers than men.

About wood carving for beginners

To decorate the internal and external space, various types of carvings and techniques for realizing the plan can be used. If you are interested in this type of needlework, then you must understand that you need to master the methods and techniques of wood processing, acquire the necessary tools and improve carving skills.

In the modern world of smartphones and tablets, a wooden stand decorated with wood carvings looks very original.

Skillfully executed carvings in the form of simple and ornate patterns and ornaments seem to enliven the world and endow it with sophistication, charm, emphasizing the taste of the owner of luxury items and the talent of the craftsman.

The works of the best carvers decorate the temples. Pay attention to the photo of the iconostasis of the upper Church of the Holy Image of the Savior, which is located in Moscow, in the Church of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Fili.

Modern masters with delicate taste create real masterpieces.

And thanks to finishing technologies and protection of the finished product from the destructive effects of mold and insects, these wood carvings have served people for hundreds of years.

Pay attention to the magnificent carved pieces of furniture:

Stylish doors:

Delightful handmade figurines:

Very often, connoisseurs collect handmade carved items. Wonderful chess that is worthy of any collection.

Perhaps, over time, your wood carving masterpieces will be carefully preserved by collectors or decorate temples.

Types of wood carving

Of all types of wood carving, it is very interesting openwork or through thread on wood, which is characterized by some transparency, in which only the image remains, without a background. An example is an applied carving - this is an ornament that is attached to a finished background after production by a craftsman.

Geometric carving woodworking – This is a type of carving in which the pattern is formed using many simple geometric shapes (a rhombus is often used).

Oriental carving on wood it is distinguished by its whimsical shapes. Egypt is the cradle of the oriental type of wood carving.

Relief carving on wood. In this technique, the image is located above the background or at the same level with it. These are carved panels of various shapes with three-dimensional images.

- This is a flat-relief carving, but distinguished by an abundance of carved and stucco decorations, various colors, curls, leaves, figures of people in unnatural poses, fabulous fantastic animals.

Originated in the village of Kudrino. Well-known products in this type of carving are boxes, vases, dishes, ladles, and home decor items. The main element is a floral ornament: rosettes, curls and twigs.

Volumetric (sculptural) carving Great for making sculptures, animal and human figures, toys. - a subtype of volumetric thread. This is the main industry of the village of Bogorodskoye in the Moscow region. The famous Bogorodsk toys are figurines of animals and people made of linden and alder.

Most often used to decorate wooden Scandinavian churches. Wood carvers decorated the inside and outside of church buildings with images of Gods and various animals.

- the simplest and most unique type of carving. On a flat background, the master cuts out grooves - grooves, forming a pattern. Carved landscapes - images of landscapes on wood.

All these types of carvings are quite conventional. Each master chooses the most suitable one, taking into account work experience, quality of wood and creative inspiration.

What can be decorated with carvings?

The simplest staircase is transformed, decorated with carved balusters. Balusters- these are figured columns in the form of columns, a stylish and noble decoration of the staircase. Wooden balusters look organically with a spiral wooden staircase.

Bas-relief. Another name is "low relief". This is a sculptural image on a plane. Most often these are figures of people and animals .

Choosing tools for wood carving

As in every business, wood carving has its own secrets and nuances, which allow one to reveal the beauty of wood in a wonderful ornament. It is necessary to select special tools for wood carving and stock up on the necessary blanks and sketches for wood carving, which will be embodied in the form of drawings, borders, lace or genre scenes.

Basic tools

Very high demands are placed on the quality of carving tools. Of course, skill plays an important role, but well-selected and sharpened tools will help bring your idea to life. Experienced carvers will tell about its quality at first glance at a tool, but beginners get lost in the store because of the huge selection.

The basic set for wood carving includes:

• several knives and chisels;
• needle files;
• hacksaws for metal;
• vice;
• sandpaper;
• drill with several types of drills;
• bars.

Knives should be made only from high quality steel. It is better to purchase them in specialized stores for creativity. Although at the initial stage, just sharply sharpened knives will do. An excellent start would be knives from Tatyanka, Narex, Kogatana, etc.

It is not necessary to choose an expensive foreign-made instrument, because domestic instruments can be of the same good quality, but much cheaper

As your skill grows, you may need a set of tools, a milling machine, a drill, etc.

Chisels for carving

Sometimes, instead of a chisel, a sharpened screwdriver or file is used for wood carving.

Flat chisel- This is a long rod, at the end of which there is a flat cutting edge. Very often it is used for primary wood processing.

Semicircular chisel- This is one of the most important tools for work. They differ somewhat in the degree of roundness, that is, they are medium, round and sloping.

It still happens V-shaped version of chisels. It can be useful for geometric wood carving, which we will introduce you to below.

Beginners need only a small wood carving set of good quality to immediately get used to the correct movements and pressure.

In this video there is a wonderful master A. Yuriev shared with us which tools to choose for carving.

How to protect yourself from injury when carving wood

Any tool of a master carver can be compared to a straight razor, therefore, when working with it, you must strictly follow safety precautions. The material must be positioned so that you can work freely with a knife or chisel, eliminating the possibility of the sharp edge hitting your hands.

The work place should be comfortable and clean. All unnecessary tools at the moment should be carefully folded, because they are very sharp and can cause injury.

Materials for work

Each type of wood for carving has its pros and cons. Soft wood is easy to work with, but there can also be a lot of defects. These are aspen, linden, birch. This wood is best for beginners.

Oak, boxwood, mahogany are more expensive and complex wood. It is hard and durable, so it is difficult to carve from such wood. Very often there are troubles when working with such types of wood. Either the instrument or the craftsman may be harmed.

An experienced carver can easily work with a variety of woods, including juniper. Well, for beginners it is better to use inexpensive materials - spruce, pine, pear or birch.

Whatever tools are chosen for wood carving, safety precautions must be strictly observed!

Geometric carving technology

Geometric wood carving is considered the simplest and is perfect for beginners. To create the intended design, you need to have a small set of wood carving tools and clearly follow the design. In geometric wood carving, symmetry and repetition are of utmost importance. This achieves a wonderful play of light and shadow.

Cutting boards using this technique and wooden panels look wonderful in the kitchen.

Geometric carving consists of sequential cutting out of simple geometric shapes: rectangles, triangles, squares, rhombuses. But the result is a wonderful ornament that looks different in different lighting.

Execution Sequence any wood carving is like this:

• First, a wooden blank is made (board, deck, blank).
• Next is rough leveling of the surface of the workpiece, during which all defects and roughness are removed.
• Then a decorative relief is formed using special cutters.
• After the main carving is completed, the finishing process is grinding, impregnation, painting, varnishing.

You cannot work with a workpiece on your knees! The master must have a table to work on.

Master class “Geometric wood carving on a cutting board”

Tools. You will need 2 knives for wood carving: a triangular jamb knife and a feather knife, a ruler, a compass, a pencil.

A triangle jamb knife is necessary for cutting triangular shapes of various configurations, as well as for cutting long straight lines. A pen knife is used to cut long lines such as a petal or groove. Carving knives should be sharp and comfortable.

First stage. We make a sketch of the pattern on the board. It can be applied using a compass and ruler. Or you can print out carving patterns taken from the Internet and use carbon paper to transfer them to a prepared cutting board.

Second phase. Cut out the petals. We use a pen knife.

While working, the thumb is pressed firmly against the board, and the index finger lightly touches the wood. This will help regulate the depth of the knife into the surface and the angle of inclination. And your thumb will help you move the blade smoothly. First, we cut in one direction at an angle, then we turn the board over and cut on the other side.

If the shavings curl like a rope, the knife is good and sharp. It must be periodically sharpened with a piece of leather with GOI paste.

Third stage. We cut out the triangles with a blunt knife. Using the heel, at an angle of 45 degrees, we cut the knife into the wood, not reaching the edges of the pattern on three sides. The slots should meet on all sides in the shape of a pyramid. The sliver falls out and forms a beautiful triangle.

Fourth stage. What we couldn’t cut, carefully clean it so that the edges are frequent and even. Using the same principle, we cut out grooves and triangles around the perimeter of the board.

Fifth stage. We sand everything with sandpaper and treat it with natural impregnation. All! The work is done. We decorate the kitchen with a useful and beautiful cutting board with wood carvings.

Wood carving designs

To perform wood carving, photographs, drawings and sketches are simply necessary. A large pattern for wood carving is used for large-scale products: for the facades of houses, interior decoration with carvings of churches, windows.

For interior items and furniture, carvers use small patterns that are carefully worked out by the craftsman.

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We offer you an archive from . Choose, print, create.

Video master classes on wood carving for beginners

Of course, the wood carving looks especially impressive in the video. Channel "HAND WOOD CARVING" shows the features of geometric carving for beginners.

A woman's view of wood carving. Channel tatianacarving shows us how to make flower petals and leaves.

Konstantin Belyaev on his channel he talks in detail about wood carving cutters.

And in this video Ivan the Builder shows how to make relief-planar carving:

We will be very glad if this article inspired you to take up wood carving!

When decorating a living space, you can use a variety of materials, but traditionally wood is used for these purposes. Today, artistic processing is carried out using a huge number of techniques, but, perhaps, the most spectacular results are obtained when using slotted wood carving.

The technology cannot be called complex, but the resulting products amaze with their beauty and elegance. We will talk about this technique in more detail later.

What is a carving?

Through drilling and cutting through any background is the essence of openwork cutting. Upon completion of the work, light and airy patterns are obtained. There are through and overhead thread options. The first option creates the desired effect when illuminated, the second involves overlaying it on some background (base).

To make through cutting through wood, drills, special chisels, and files are used. The most suitable tool would be an electric jigsaw, which allows you to quickly and easily complete almost any design.

The work process itself requires the presence of pre-prepared drawings for slotted threads. Therefore, we will briefly consider some of the steps that are important to go through at the preliminary stage.

Preparatory stage

For those who are doing carving for the first time, it makes sense to focus their attention on theory. Printed publications and handicraft websites will provide comprehensive information about the decoration method in question.

After studying the technology, it is worth preparing the tools and, if necessary, purchasing them in the store. In addition to a jigsaw, you may need chisels of different sizes, drills and bits, cutters, consumables for grinding, etc.

Another important milestone at this stage will be the choice of patterns and sketches of the future decoration. You can try to do the latter yourself or find suitable ones on the Internet; fortunately, there are plenty of specialized sites on this topic. Printing to the desired scale will complete the preliminary stage.

Wood

The main requirements for the material are its dryness and quality. There are many blanks in specialized stores dedicated to handmade work. Suitable wood can be found in hardware stores and sawmills.

In addition, you can make good money at furniture factories, where there is always a large amount of unnecessary scraps available. Another possible option is used boxes and pallets.

The quality of work depends not only on the craftsman, but also on the species and type of wood. Each has unique properties, which is important when you have specific creative goals. Let's take a brief look at some material options.

Pine is the most accessible and inexpensive species. However, it is suitable only in rare cases. There are several reasons: resinousness, different density of layers, noticeable texture, which interferes with the creation of small patterns.

Aspen is considered a soft material and is not suitable for a beginner. It is easy to cut, the wood wrinkles and requires a lot of experience to work with it.

Birch and linden have an excellent structure and have the required density, which makes it possible to realize even the most daring sketches of slotted carving.

Plum is excellent due to its flexibility in processing, at the same time it has the required hardness. Small patterns and women's jewelry made of plum will become an excellent product in the hands of a master. Beginners should also try this material.

To avoid subsequent cracking and warping of the slotted product, it is important to remember to keep the material dry. Random drying in a warm and well-ventilated room will be the most optimal way. The boards are placed on their ends and on dies to ensure air access to all sides.

Creative process

Woodworking begins with transferring the design to the workpiece. For this purpose, all templates were prepared at the preliminary stage. When the drawing is applied to the part, the stage of drilling holes next to the drawn lines begins.

The drill should be of such a diameter that a jigsaw file can easily fit into the resulting hole. Where it is not possible to make cuts with a jigsaw (the pattern is too small and sharp bends), use a narrow hacksaw blade.

Experienced craftsmen advise using saws with fine teeth, otherwise the edges of the slots will have a ragged outline and the product will lose its aesthetics. It is advisable to drill with feather drills, having prepared a thin hole in advance.

Gluing thick paper to the back of the workpiece helps prevent torn edges when cutting through plywood. For beginners, it is better to try simple patterns with large details and a minimum number of corners.

Finishing

The product is processed to obtain smooth and clean edges. Use chisels; a sharp knife is useful in hard-to-reach areas.

Cleaning is carried out using sandpaper, a needle file or an abrasive wheel. The finished product is sanded on both sides until the proper appearance is obtained.

Looking at the photo of the slotted carving, it becomes clear that the resulting patterns are an excellent decorative element for furniture, window trim, and cornices. The elegance of the product makes it possible to create excellent women's jewelry, decorate screens and much more.

Photo of slotted thread

All photos from the article

Wood carving was mastered by man hundreds of years ago. Moreover, a variety of types of its techniques have survived to this day. Below we will look at the most common types of wood carving, and also get acquainted with the tools that are used for it.

Carving techniques

Currently, wood carving is divided into several types:

• Openwork;
• Geometric;
• Flat-relief;
• Embossed;
• Sculptural;
• Invoice.

Below we will take a closer look at all these types.

The photo shows an example of decorating a facade with openwork carvings

Openwork

Openwork or, as I also call it, sawn carving began to be widely used in the 19th century. Moreover, it was popular both in village houses and city apartments.

It is used to decorate the following building elements:

• Entrances
• Nalychnikov,
• Gables of houses, etc.

This technique is based on sawing shaped holes. Wood carving looks very impressive and resembles wooden lace.

As for the drawing, it can contain various motifs:

• Relief carving;
• Ornamental and decorative patterns;
• Geometric images reminiscent of patterns in lace and folk embroidery.

Nowadays, openwork carving enjoys a certain popularity when decorating country houses, gazebos, etc.

To make sawing threads, a simple tool is usually used:

• Rotary for making holes - it should be noted that for holes with a diameter of more than 10 mm, special flat drills - perks - are used.
• Saw for cutting parts along the outer contour - special circular (rotary) saws are used. The width of their canvas is in the range of 4-15 mm. Narrow blades are used to obtain sharp curves, and wide blades are used to cut smooth shapes.

A distinctive feature of a bow saw for carving is that the blade can be rotated in different directions. Thanks to this, you can make cuts in different directions without changing the position of the saw machine.

• Saw for cutting out internal openings - for these purposes, hacksaw saws with narrow wedge-shaped blades are used. Such saws are called trigger saws. The thickness of their canvases is one and a half millimeters, the width at the handle is in the range of 20-40 mm, the length is in the range of 320-530 mm.

Advice!
You can make a hammer with your own hands from an old hacksaw blade one and a half millimeters thick.
To do this, it needs to be cut in the shape of a sharp elongated wedge.

To perform sawing threads, as a rule, boards with a thickness of one and a half to two millimeters are used.

They can be made from the following types of wood:

• Alders;
• Pines;
• Aspens:
• Birches.

It should be noted that not all blanks are suitable for these purposes. The boards must be well dried and free of cracks.

A carved wooden decoration that does not form a single piece with the adjacent background.

(Terms of Russian architectural heritage. Pluzhnikov V.I., 1995)

• - Russian folk craft of carved toys and sculptures made of soft wood. Exists in the village of Bogorodskoye, probably from the 16th-18th centuries. At the beginning of the 20th century. masters united into an artel...

  Art encyclopedia

• - one of the oldest and most widespread types of decorative art, a method of artistic processing of wood, stone, bone, knock, terracotta, varnish, etc. by carving...

  Art encyclopedia

• - ́ alternating spiral grooves and protrusions of a constant cross-section formed on the surface of the part. Threaded parts can form detachable threaded connections...

  Encyclopedia of technology

• - see screw threading...

  Marine dictionary

• - alternating protrusions and depressions on the surface of a body of rotation, located along a helical line...

  Big Encyclopedic Polytechnic Dictionary

• - I ́ alternating helical grooves and protrusions of constant cross-section formed on the surface of the part...

  Great Soviet Encyclopedia

• - CARVING, -s, w. Additional work performed at the request of superiors in order to obtain something. benefits, privileges; servility, flattery. See also sliced, 2...

  Dictionary of Russian argot

• - ...

  Spelling dictionary of the Russian language

• - ́, -y, female. 1. see cut. 2. A design carved into a hard material. Patterned river Casket with carvings. 3. Spiral screw thread. | adj. threaded, -th, -oh. Threaded fastening...

  Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

• - ́, cuts, pl. no, female 1. Carving, making different patterns on wood, bone. Specialist in artistic carving. 2. Patterned design carved on wood, bone. Beautiful carving. Artistic carving...

  Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

• Explanatory Dictionary by Efremova

• - thread I f. 1. process of action according to ch. cut I 4. 2. The result of such an action; cutting, making different patterns on solid materials. 3. A patterned design carved on some solid material...

  Explanatory Dictionary by Efremova

• - thread "a", - "...

  Russian spelling dictionary

• - Bone carving. Jarg. they say Joking. About a thin, bony man. Maksimov, 200. Do not follow the thread. Jarg. they say 1. Happen, happen unexpectedly. 2. Go crazy. Maksimov, 336. With left-hand thread. Jarg. they say Disapproved 1...

  Large dictionary of Russian sayings

• - B́ noun; 22 cm. _Appendix II of the carving The darkness was censer, and the skinny evening Coiled in the fiery carving...

  Dictionary of Russian accents

• - ...

  Word forms

"Overlay thread" in books

Thread

From the book Conversations about Art [collection] by Rodin Auguste

Carving Carving in its spirit, in its essence, represents the very thought of the master. Whoever sees and understands it, sees the monument itself. Its tenderness is the tenderness of nature itself; her life is the life of the entire building. It contains all the power of architecture, it expresses all its thought. Let's return

19. Receipt invoice

author

19. Receipt invoice The receipt invoice records the receipt of new goods at the warehouse (receipt of goods and materials). If the materials specified in the delivery note are present in the “Materials” directory, then to fill out the tabular part of the document, you can use the “Selection” button,

20. Invoice

From the book 1C: Enterprise in Questions and Answers author Arsentieva Alexandra Evgenievna

20. Invoice document Document Invoice is issued for non-cash and retail payment for goods or services. To generate an invoice, in the “Accounts” journal, select the “Actions” menu item “Enter based on”, and from the proposed list

Invoice

author

Invoice An invoice in a trade organization can be both a receipt and an expense document. It must be issued by the financially responsible person when registering the release of goods from the warehouse or when accepting goods from a trade organization. In the invoice

Consignment note

From the book Accounts Receivable Management author Brunhild Svetlana Gennadievna

Consignment note A consignment note is issued when goods are delivered by road. It consists of two sections: commodity and transport. Depending on the characteristics of the goods, the waybill may

Railway invoice

From the book Accounts Receivable Management author Brunhild Svetlana Gennadievna

Railway waybill The railway waybill acts as an accompanying document when delivering goods by rail. Specifications and packing lists may be attached to it, which is noted on the invoice. If the product

Scenario fourteen: “Forgotten invoice”

From the book Accounts Receivable Management author Brunhild Svetlana Gennadievna

Scenario fourteen: “Forgotten invoice” This game can have many participants, since it requires the involvement of not only the manager (sales department), you (credit controller), delivery workers and collectors (warehouse), but also accountants and the purchasing department. From the client side

37. Loading certificate, duplicate waybill

From the book World Economy. Cheat sheets author Smirnov Pavel Yurievich

37. Loading Certificate, Duplicate Bill of Lading The Loading Certificate, also called a river bill of lading, is an inland shipping document. This document is subject to essentially the same rules as a sea bill of lading.K

Overlay thread

From the book Lessons of a skilled carver. We cut out figures of people and animals, dishes, figurines from wood author Ilyaev Mikhail Davydovich

Overlay carving The method in which an ornament with a slotted background is glued to the surface of a product is called overlay carving. It is used quite widely. Furniture panels, which are usually covered with veneer - carvings - are especially often decorated in this way.

Waybill

author author unknown

Freight waybill A freight waybill is the main document for the transportation of goods within the country, which has the meaning of an agreement concluded between the shipper and the carrier. G.N. contains all the necessary information about the cargo being transported, the degree of use

Invoice

From the book Encyclopedia of Lawyer author author unknown

Consignment note - a document drawn up for road, rail, air transportation and transportation by inland waters: it is evidence of the conclusion of an agreement for the carriage of goods and the basis for the consignee's claim to the carrier for the release of goods

Invoice

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (NA) by the author TSB

Lesson No. 65. Requirement-invoice

From the book 1C: Accounting 8 from scratch. 100 lessons for beginners author Gladky Alexey Anatolievich

Lesson No. 65. Requirement invoice To reflect in the accounting of business transactions that are associated with the write-off of inventories as expenses, the document “Requirement invoice” is intended in the 1C: Accounting 8 program. Moreover

43. Invoice for the carriage of goods

From the book Commercial Law author Golovanov Nikolay Mikhailovich

43. Invoice for the transportation of goods The invoice is used to formalize the transportation of goods by all types of transport, except sea. It contains information about the cargo being transported, characteristics of the vehicle (type of car, its carrying capacity, degree of loading and

Slotted and applied threads

From the author's book

Slotted and applied threads Slotted threads are close to relief and flat-relief threads. It is a relief and flat-relief carving, in which the background is cut through and absent. Thus, slotted threads are divided into flat-relief and

Slotted thread

If we select the background in the relief carving (remove it completely), then we get a slotted carving (see Fig. 329, 337, 338).

The slotted carving can be geometric, contour, or oval, but most often the ornament in the slotted carving is made with relief carving.

Openwork carving is sometimes called openwork carving. This will be true in cases where the ornament looks like lace and therefore creates the impression of openwork. Openwork can be in ornaments and other types of carving - geometric, contour, oval, contour-relief, relief carving, etc.

The slotted carving is done where something should be visible through it, for example, on the panels of the doors of the top of the sideboard or on screens, platbands, and valances of houses, where it creates the impression of lightness.

In Fig. 329 shows the finished door panel with slotted threads. The process of making slotted threads is as follows:

Rice. 329. Panel. Slotted carving. Author's composition

Hole cutting(Fig. 330). Holes (1) are cut with steep chisels, small ones in tight places, and large ones in wide ones. In order not to chip the wood from the back side, the shield with the ornament must be placed tightly on some smooth board.

Rice. 330. The process of making slotted threads

Rough trim(2). It is made with sloping, medium and steep semicircular chisels. It is necessary to cut almost close to the lines of the ornament with vertical cutters, in the corners - with a narrow, steep chisel. If, when cutting holes, chips of wood on the back side of the panel do not always spoil the work, then here such chips are no longer acceptable.

Clean cutting(3). It is done with a cutter, straight and semicircular chisels. Particular care must be taken to ensure that the shield fits tightly to the other board. Sometimes the wood, especially linden, is soft and the cuts are not smooth. In such cases, you need to work with a cutter and a straight chisel not with a poke, that is, you do not need to cut the wood with a vertical movement of the chisel from top to bottom, but with a sliding cut, moving the chisel down and to the side. If the chisels are sharp, then with this technique (sliding cut) you can get a clean and excellent cut on soft linden wood.

In narrow places and corners it is more convenient to work with a knife (Fig. 331).

Rice. 331. Technique of working with a knife

relief carving. After trimming the outline completely, the ornament is cut as usual. It is necessary to work more carefully and carefully than when working on relief carvings. The details of the ornament in the slotted carving, especially if they are long and thin, and the material is fragile, are very easy to gouge out.

Chamfering(see Fig. 336). In the slotted carving on the reverse side of the ornament, chamfers are cut. When cutting bevels, the chipped and dented edges of the ornament are cut off and the thickness of the shield is hidden, which makes the ornament lighter. The chamfers are cut to different widths, which depends on the shapes in the ornament. There may also be forms where it is absolutely impossible to chamfer.

Rice. 336. Chamfers on the reverse side of the slotted carving ornament

Cutting holes with chisels can be replaced by drilling them with a center drill or another drill using a brace (Fig. 332). When drilling holes in it, the shield must be placed tightly on another board. It is not necessary to drill through the entire thickness of the shield at once. As soon as the center of the perk passes through the shield, the shield is turned over and the drilling of the hole is completed on the other side of the shield, this protects the shield from being pressed through by the perk.

Rice. 332. Drilling with a center perk using a brace

Rough cutting can be replaced by cutting with a jigsaw (Fig. 333). The jigsaw should move up and down rhythmically while working. The file should move vertically or slightly leaning forward. When making sharp turns of the file in the material, you cannot stop moving the file up and down, otherwise it will easily twist and burst.

Rice. 333. Sawing with a jigsaw

In Fig. 334 shows a sawn panel of slotted threads. After sawing, you can trim off the outline of the ornament completely, but you can immediately start working on the relief. In this case, it is more difficult to maintain the correct contour of the ornament, but it will be easier to cut it clean and cut out excess material in narrow places, since the thickness of the shield will be cut off in many places.

Rice. 334. Slotted thread panel cut with a jigsaw

In Fig. 335 shows a finished panel. Such panels of slotted carving or similar in size and ornaments can be used in the doors of cabinets, cupboards, etc. It must be borne in mind that the thickness of the panels should not exceed 7-12 mm, depending on the size of the products. The large thickness of the shields complicates the work and makes the pattern of the slotted carvings rough.

Rice. 335. Finished slotted thread panel. Author's composition

In Fig. 328, 337, 338 show finished products decorated with slotted carvings.

Rice. 337. Plate-cracker. Composition and work of the author (Semyonovsky Museum)

Rice. 338. Hanging cabinet. Oak. Composition and work of the author (Semyonovsky Museum)

Overlay thread

An ornament made with a slotted carving and intended for sticking onto a finished background will be called an applied carving.

In furniture, the panels of large doors, such as wardrobes, are often veneered with valuable wood with a beautiful texture. You cannot, of course, make carvings on thin plywood, and if the panel is made of solid wood, then there is still no point in making carvings on it; the beautiful texture pattern in the carving may disappear, especially on the radial cut. At the same time, a product with large smooth surfaces can benefit from being moderately decorated with carvings. In these cases, the applied carving is made from wood of the same species as the product or from a different species. The ornament of applied carvings is most often made in the form of stylized flowers and is glued in the center or above large planes of furniture, for example, on the panels of wardrobes, sideboards, etc. (Fig. 339, 340).

Rice. 339. Overlay thread. Part of a wardrobe panel. Composition by Batakova (Semyonovskaya vocational school)

Rice. 340. Overlay thread. Part of a sideboard panel. Author's composition

In terms of execution technique, an applied thread does not differ from a slotted thread. But chamfering on the reverse side of the ornament should be avoided; this should also be taken into account when composing the ornament of the applied carving. Glued overlay carvings with chamfers removed from the reverse side of the ornament will give the impression that the ornament is detached from the main background. For these reasons, you should be especially wary of chips on the reverse side of the ornament. To do this, you can stick paper on a smooth board with a regular surface, and on the paper stick a board with a future ornament, pre-cut with a jigsaw or roughly cut (Fig. 341). This method protects against chipping and makes it possible to conveniently secure the work. The finished carving is removed on paper from the board using a thin knife.

Rice. 341. Overlay thread in progress (pasted through paper)

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